Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study)

by Sajitha. A | 2018 | 50,171 words

This page relates ‘Parasmaipada (in Sanskrit grammar)’ of the study on the Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva from the 11th century A.D. The Vasudevavijayam is an educational poem belonging to the Shastra-Kavya category of technical Sanskrit literature. The Vasudevavijayam depicts in 657 verses the story of Lord Krishna while also elucidates the grammatical rules of the Ashtadhyayi of Panini (teaching the science of grammar). The subject-content of the poem was taken from the tenth Skandha of the Bhagavatapurana.

Parasmaipada (in Sanskrit grammar)

The first ever rule to define Parasmaipada is śeṣātkartari parasmaipadam (1/3/78). the rules of Ātmanepada have been declared in the preceding 66 rules i.e. 1.3.12 to 1.3.77. The terminations of Parasmaipada, which are the general verbal terminations, will come everywhere else, where its operation is not debased by any one of the preceding aphorisms. The rule declares that after the rest i.e; after all those verbs not falling under any one of the previous provisions, the affix of the Parasmaipada are employed, in marking the agent (i.e in the active voice). The rules from 1.3.78 to 1.3.93 are regarded as Parasmaipadas.

Now, here is an attempt to bring forth the illustration given for the rules regarding Parasmaipada in Vāsudevavijaya The verses 58 to 65 of the second can to are devoted to the illustration of Parasmaipada in Vāsudevavijaya.

The following verse gives examples for two rules in this context.

śramodabindusnapitāsa sālpe hetau tathāpyaididhadātmadharmam |
bhāntī nikāmaṃ dhṛtavāmanāṃ tāṃ tadāditīmanvakarodivāsau ||
(Vāsudevavijaya 2.58)

Bhāntī is the example for the rule śeṣātkartari parasmaipadam. It is derived from the root bhā dīptau' |

The rule anuparābhyāṃ kṛñaḥ (1/3/79) is the next one to deal with Parasmaipada. It ordains that after the root kṛ, when preceded by anu and para, the affix of Parasmaida is employed, even when the fruit of the action goes to the agent, and when the sense is that of divulging etc. In the above verse, the word anvakarod forms example for this rule. Here the root kṛñ is preceded by anu |

The following rule abhipratyatibhyaḥkṣipaḥ is illustrated in the verse,

sukhāharairvarmaharaiḥ sagarbhyaiḥ pralambamukhyaiśca sahāśravaistaiḥ |
abhikṣipannakṣamako'rcanārhān dṛṣṭvā svasurdīptimakhinta kaṃsaḥ ||
(Vāsudevavijaya 2.59)

The rule implies that after the verb kṣip to throw, coming after abhi, prati and ati Parasmaipada affix is used even though the fruit of action goes to the agent. Example for this rule in the verse is abhikṣipan | Here the root kṣip has the prefix abhi, thus by the application of this rule it used the Parasmaipada affix.

Vāsudeva gives examples for five Paramapada rules together in one verse i.e.,

provāha cintāṃ parimṛṣyati sma daivāya kāryādvirarāma bhītaḥ |
upāramatsvānna sa dānamānaiḥ sadopareme viṣayopabhogāt ||
(Vāsudevavijaya 2.60)

The first rule illustrated here is prādvahaḥ (1/3/81) which ordains that after the verb vaha to carry, coming after pra, the Paramaipada affix is used, even though the fruit of the action goes to the Agent. provāha is the example for this rule in the verse. Here the root vah is prefixed by pra, employs Parasmaipada affix as by the above said rule.

The, the very next rule parermṛṣaḥ (1/3/82) is illustrated as parimṛṣyati | The rule suggests that the root mṛṣ, to bear preceded by pari employs the Parasmaipada terminations, even when the fruit of the action goes the agent. pari + mṛṣ + tiparimṛṣyati |

The subsequent rule vyāṅparibhyoramaḥ (1/3/83) implies that after the verb ram to sport, preceded by vi, āṅ and pari the Parasmaipada conjugation is used. virarāma is the example provided in the verse for this rule. Here ram is preceded by vi, then it employs Parasmapada affix.

The root ram comes after upa takes the affixes of Parasmapada as per the rule upācca (1/3/84). Vāsudeva gives upāramat as example for this rule.

The following rule also deals with the root ram, i.e. vibhāṣākarmakāt (1/3/85) which implies that after the root ram preceded by upa, the Parasmapada is optionally used, when employed intransitively. But Vāsudeva gives a counter illustration for this rule. He treated the form as upareme which is used here intransitively; The Parasmaipada employed by the rule in optional, thus Vāsudeva uses it as Ātmanepada.

In this manner Vāsudeva gives examples for all the rules in Parasmaipada. He didn't exclude any of them.

To summarise, the Ātmanepada and Parasmaipada rules are illustrated comprehensively by him. The examples given for these are peculiar as he tried to employ rare examples which cannot be seen abundantly in other compositions.

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: