The Nyaya theory of Knowledge

by Satischandra Chatterjee | 1939 | 127,980 words

This essay studies the Nyaya theory of Knowledge and examines the contributions of the this system to Indian and Western philosophy, specifically focusing on its epistemology. Nyaya represents a realist approach, providing a critical evaluation of knowledge. The thesis explores the Nyaya's classification of valid knowledge sources: perception, infe...

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bhava (Non-existence), nature of, 175 f., kinds of, 176 1., knowledge of, 179 f., as a source of knowJedge, 367 1. Abbihitanvaya-vada, 341 f. Action (Karma), nature of, 164, kinds of, 164, perception of, 165 Advaitasiddhi, 211, 255, 258 Akhyati (or Vivekakhyati), 39 f. Alexander, Space, Time and Deity, 13, 15, 41, 42, 104, 107, 153, 181, 188 Anirvacaniyakhyati, 381. Anupalabdhi (Non-cognition), 169- 61, nature and validity of, 367 f., different views of. 368 f., 376 f. Anviksiki, 1 Anvitahhidhana-vada, 342 f. Anyathakhyati (or Viparitakhyati), 36 f. Arthapatti, 360-61, nature and validity of, 361 f., different views of. 302 f., 376, 382 f. Asatkhyati, 17 f. Atmakhyati (or 37 f. Jnanakara-khyati), Attribute, nature and kinds of, 159, perception of, 160 f. Avaranavarini, 311, 320 Bhagavadgita, 16 Bhamati, 333 Bhartrhari, Karika, 203 Bhasapariccheda (or Karikavali), xvii, passim. Bosanquet, B., Logic, 20, 32, 40-41, 104, 120, 181, 345, 346; Essentials of Logic, 224 Bradley, F. H., Principles of Logic, 32, 181, 263, 270, 345-346, 377 Carvaka, 116, 243 f. Categories, 152 f. Cause, definition and different kinds of, 57-58 Chapman and Henle, mentals of Logic, 48, Comte, A., 185 Contemporary 187 British The FundaPhilosophy, Creighton, J. E., An Introductory Logic, 260 Croce, B., 14 Dasgupta, S. N.. History of Indian Philosophy, xvii Datta, D). M.. The Six Ways of Knowing, xvii, 263 Descartes, 1.3, 18 Dewey, J., 121 Didhiti, I Dinkari, 160, 163 f., 170, 172, 262, 312, 361 Doubt, nature of, 28 f., 29 f. kinds of, Dream, nature of, 24 1., 82 f. Dunlap, 185 Eaton, R. M., General Logic, 252 Error, nature of, 32-33, theories of, 33 f., problems of, 76-77, tests of, 76 f. Essays in Critical Realism, 17, 42, 104, 121 Ewing, A. C., 35, 44, 123, 376 Gautama, 2. passim. 30, Gangesa, Tattvacintamani, 5, 35, 127, 243, 249 f., 254, passim Hartshorne, C., 108, 121 Heidegger, 121 Hicks, Dawes, 16 Hobhouse, L. T., Theory of Knowledge, 4, 74, 102, 107, 130, 372, 375 Hoernle, R.F.A., Hollingworth, 135 Holt, E. B., 42 H. L.. Psychology, Hypothetical Argument (Tarka), nature of, 43-45, kinds of, 45 f., Antilogism as Western parallel of, 48 Indefinite cognition, 32 f. Inference, definition of, 233 f., distinguished from perception, 234 f., constituents of, 235 f., vyapti as logical ground of, 240 f., question of petitio principi in, 252 f., paksata as psychological ground of, 254 f., lingaparamarsa as immediate cause of, 261 f., classification of, 265 f.. logical form of, 273 f., fallacies of, 281 f., fallacies of chala, jati, etc., 293 f., semi-logical fallacies of, 296 Jaini, J., Outlines of Jainism, 165 James, W., Principles of Psychology, 15, 64, 335; Essays in Radical Empiricism, 17; Pragmatism, 104 Jayanta Bhatta, 205

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ha, G. N., Prabhakara School of Purva Mimamsa, 39, 283, 349 Sadholal Lectures on The Nyaya Philosophy of Gautama, xvii, 39 Joachim, H. H., The Nature of Truth, 104 Joad, C. E. M., Introduction to Modern Philosophy, 14 Johnson, W. E., Logic, 215, 257, 345 Joseph, H. W. B.. Introduction to Logic, 278-79 Kant, 3, 62, 178; Cntique of Pure Reason, 3 Keith, A. B., Indian Logic and Atomism, xvii Keynes, J. M., 117 Klemm. O., A History of Psychology, 147 Knowledge (Buddhi), definition of, of., ontological problem of, 13 I., act theory of, 14 f., relation theory of, 17 f., quality theory of, 18 f., classification of, 20 f., sources of, 358 f., passim Kohler, W., Gestalt Psychology, 158 Kuppuswami Sastri, A Primer of Indian Logic, xvii, 339 Kusumanjali, 53, 78, 128 Laird, J., 187 Latta and Macbeth, The Elements of Logic, 217 Lossky, N. O., Intuitive Basis of Knowledge, 40, 51, 102 Manameyodaya, go Manas (Mind). nature and function of, 144 f., passim McDougall, W., An Outline Psychology, 70 of Meaning, nature and kinds of, 353 f. Mellone, S. H., An Introductory TextBook of Logic, 346 Meinong, 16 Memory (Smrti), definition of, 22-23, conditions of, 23-24, kinds of, 24, as an independent source of knowledge, 371 f., 376 Mill, J. S., A System of Logic, 116, 118, 116, 212, 22 1 Mimamsa-Sutra, 125, passim Mind, 35, 40, 123, 347, 376 Mitabhasini, 31, _206 Montague, W. P., 42; The Ways of Knowing, 354 Moore, G. E., Nyaya-Bhasya, passim 16 xvii, 195, 281, Nyayabindu, 118, 234, 244 1. Nyayabindutika, 11, passim Nyayakandali, 357, passim Nyayakosa, 172, 189 Nyayallavati, 359, 374 Nyayamanjari, xvii, 12, 205, passim Nyaya-sastra, I Nyaya-Sutra, xvi, xvii, 5, 195, 283, passim Nyaya-Sutra-Vrtti, xvi, xvii, 307, passim Nyaya Sutra-Vivarana, 307 Nvayavarttika, xvii, 2, 214, passim Nyayavarttikulat par yaparisuddhi, xvii, go, passim Nyayavarttikataparyatika, xvii, 2, 195, passim Padarthadharmasamgraha, 274, 283 Pancastika vasara, 100 Parsons, J. H.. An Introduction to the Theory of Perception, 126 Particularity (Visesa), nature and kinds of, 169 f., not perceived, 109 Perception, primacy of, 115, definitions of, 118 f., psychology of, 131 f., kinds and objects of, 152 f., Nirvikalpaka and Savikalpaka, 189 f., Recognition as a mode of, 205 f., extraordinary, 209 f. Perry, R. B., Present Philosophical Tendencies, 104 Persistent knowledge, 68 f. Plato, 62 Prakaranapancika, 65, 122, 185 Prama (valid knowledge), definition and characteristics of, 49 f.; factors of, bg f. Pramana, definition of, 52 f., different views of, 55 f. Pramanasamuccaya, 119, 192, 238 Prameyakamalamartanda, 122, 131, 165, 203, 206, 234, 305, 320, 349, 372 Pravrttisamarthya, 79 f. Price. II. H., Perception, rog, 132, 156, 158, 374 Pringle-Pattison, The Idea of Immortality, 62 Proposition. sentence and, 345 f., import of, 346 f., subject-predicate and imperative, 347, identity and relational, 348 f. Psychologies of 1925, 158 Psychological Review, 185 Radhakrishnan, sophy, xvii S., Indian PhiloRamanuja, Sribhasya, 36, 148, 190, 222 Ramarudri, 312

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eid, L. A., Knowledge and Truth, 16, 18, 19, 101, 104, 106, 107 Relation, nature and kinds of, 170 f., perception of, 171 f. Rickert, 121 Royce, J., The World and the Individual, 335 Russell, B., Analysis of Mind, 13, 15, 17, 104, 147, 153, 182, 185 f., 375 Our Knowledge of the External World, 17 104, 118, 348; Outline of Philosophy, 15, 342, 354 Principles of Mathematics, 257 Problems of Philosophy, 16, 25, 49, 62, 104, 108, 118, 123, 107 171 375 Sabda (Testimony), go f., definition of, 317-18, kinds of, 318 f., different views of, 3191., 380 f., independent validity of, 349 f. Sabdasakti-prakasika, 324 f., 351 353, passim 331 Samavaya, nature of, 170 f., perception of, 171 f., criticism of, 173 f. Sahyoga, 170 f. Sankara, Commentary on BrahmaSutra, 172, 333-331 Sankhyakarika, 125, 130, 144, passim Sankhyapravacanabhasya, 125 Sankhya-sutra, 125, 274 Saptapadarthi, 21, 31, 32, 51 Sarasangraha, 66, 306 Sarvadarsanasamgraha, 53, 60, 69, 77. 175, 195, 244 1., 248, 258, 320 Sastradipika, 11, 125, 334, passim Satkaryavada, 89 Schiller, F. C. S., Logic for Use, 344. Seal, B. N.. The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus, xvii, 276 Self, nature of, 148-51, function in perception, 148 f., realistic theory of, 148, 381-82 Sense, nature of, 131 f., kinds of, 133 f., function of, 138 f. Sentence, nature and construction of, 336 f., meaning of, 341 f., import of, 344 f., proposition and, 345 f. Siddhantacandrika, 203, passim Siddhantamuktavali, 78 f., 160 f., 261 f., 312, 331, passim Six Buddhist Nyaya Tracts, 165 Slokavarttika, 125, 238, 334 Spencer, H., Principles of Psychology, 14 Sphota, theory of, 332-35 Stebbing, L. S., A Modern Introduction to Logic, 67, 213 f., 257-58, passim Logic in Practice, 84, 129-30, 212, 340, 354 387 Stout, G. F., Analytic Psychology, 188; A Manual of Psychology. 187, 220, 224 Substance, nature and kinds of, 168, perception of, 169 f. Tarkabhasa, xvii, 132, 324, passim Tarkakaumudi, 262, 373, passim Tarkasamgraha, xvii, 263, 306, 324, passim Tarka-samgraha-dipika-prakasa, 312 Tarkikaraksa, xvii, passim Tattvacintamani, xvii, passim Tattvadipika, 326, 338, passim Tattvakaumudi, 132, 311, 320, 363 The Monist, 108, 121 The New Realism, 3, 17, 42, 59, 104, 118 Titchener, E. B., Text-Book of Psychology, 16, 64, 133 f., 137, 335 Triputisamvit, 65, 185 Truth, definition of, 49 f., problems of. 76 f., tests and theories of, 76 f. Universal, different views of, 165 f., perception of, 167-169 Upamana (Comparison), definition of, 209 f., Jaina, Mimansa and Vedanta views of, 301 f.. classification of, 305 f., independent validity of. 308 f. Upaskara, 31, 180 Vardhamana, Prakasa, 128 Vedanta-Paribhasa, 55, 64, passim Vidvabhusana, S. C., History of Indian Logic, 5, 320 Vivaranaprameyasamgraha, 328, 329, 342, 343, 347 Watson, J. B., Behaviorism, 15 Whitehead, A. N., 121 Woodworth, R. S., Psychology, 26, 35 Words, sounds and, 322 f., nature kinds of, 328, import of, 328 f., of. 323 f., meanings of, unity of, 332 f. 324 f., Wundt, W., Human and Animal Psychology, 220 Yoga-sutra, 125, 358, passim Yoga-Bhasya 320, passim

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