The body in early Hatha Yoga
by Ruth Westoby | 2024 | 112,229 words
This page relates ‘Bibliography’ of study dealing with the body in Hatha Yoga Sanskrit texts.—This essay highlights how these texts describe physical practices for achieving liberation and bodily sovereignty with limited metaphysical understanding. Three bodily models are focused on: the ascetic model of ‘baking’ in Yoga, conception and embryology, and Kundalini’s affective processes.
Bibliography
Primary Sources
—See Schrader (1916) for synopsis but no translation.
Amanaska, ed. Birch, J. (2013) The Amanaska: king of all yogas: a critical edition and annotated translation with a monographic introduction. Ph.D. University of Oxford.
Amaraugha, ed. Birch, J. (2023) The Amaraugha and Amaraughaprabodha of Gorakṣanātha:
The Genesis of Haṭha and Rājayoga. Pondicherry: EFEO.
—See also Mallik (1954), Birch (2019).
Amṛtasiddhi, ed. Mallinson, J. and Szántó, P.-D. (2021) The Amṛtasiddhi and
Amṛtasiddhimūla. The Earliest Texts of the Haṭhayoga Tradition. Pondicherry: EFEO.
—See Schaeffer (2002), Mallinson (2020b).
Aṅguttara Nikāya, trans. Bodhi, B. and Thera, N. (1999) Altamira Press.
—See O’Brien-Kop (2021).
Aparokṣānubhūti, ed. Devi, K. (1988) Allahabad: Akshayavaṭa Prakāśana.
—See Birch (2020a, 2011), Slatoff (2022, 2018).
—See Leslie (1996).
Bhagavadgītā, BORI edition of the Mahābhārata (Available at: https://gretil.sub.unigoettingen.de/gretil/1_sanskr/2_epic/mbh/ext/bhgce__u.htm) (Accessed: 12 March 2024).
—See Johnson (1994), Stoler-Miller (2004).
Bhairavamaṅgalā, from NAK pam 687 Saivatantra 144 (NGMPP B27/21); typed in by
Vasudeva, S. (1997).
Brahmayāmala, ed. Hatley, S. (2015) The Brahmayāmalatantra, or, Picumata. Pondicherry:
EFEO.
—See Hatley 2016.
Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad, Sansknet project. ‘Brhadaranyaka-Upanisad, Adhy. 1’. Gretil. Available at: http://gretil.sub.unigoettingen.de/gretil/1_sanskr/1_veda/4_upa/brupsb1u.htm)
—See also Mallinson (2018). (Accessed 25 October 2019).
—See Mallinson (2018).
Carakasaṃhitā, trans. Sharma, P.V. (1992) Carakasaṃhitā: Agniveśa’s Treatise Refined and Annotated by Caraka and Redacted by Dr̥ dḥabala. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia
(Jaikrishnadas Ayurveda, 36).
—See Das (2003), Wujastyk (2003).
Dattātreyayogaśāstra, ed. Mallinson, J. (2024) Pondicherry: EFEO.
—See also Mallinson (2013).
Gheraṇḍasaṃhitā, eds. Mallinson, J. (2004) Woodstock: YogaVidya.com.
Gorakṣaśataka, ed. Mallinson, J. (draft), Pondicherry: EFEO.
—See also Mallinson (2012).
—See Rinpoche, S. and Dvivedī, V. (eds.) (1992) Mahāmāyātantram with Guṇavatī by
Ratnākaraśāntī. Sarnath: Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies.
Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati, Etext input by James Mallinson, ms 46/440 held at the Bhārat Itihās
Sanśodhak Maṇḍal, Pune. Entitled Āsanayogaḥ in the catalogue.
—See Birch and Singleton (2019), Mallinson (2018).
Haṭhapradīpikā, ed. Mallinson, J., Hannedar, J., Birch, J., Demoto-Hahn, M., and Liersch, N. SOAS/Oxford-Marburg. Available at: http://www.hathapradipika.online/ (Accessed: 25 March 2024).
—See Digambaraji and Kokaje (1998), Raja (1972), Ramanathan and Sastri (1972), Rieker (1971).
Haṭharatnāvalī, eds. Gharote, M.L., Devnath, P. and Jha, V.K. (2002) Haṭharatnāvalī: a treatise on Haṭhayoga of Śrīnivāsayogī. Lonavla: Lonavla Yoga Institute.
—See Reddy (1982).
Haṭhasaṅketacandrikā, etext input by Mark Singleton. Manuscript from Government of
Mysore Library, R3239.
Hevajratantra, ed. Snellgrove, D.L. (1959 vol 2) The Hevajra Tantra: A Critical Study -Part
2 Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts. London: Oxford University Press.
—See Snellgrove 1959 vol 1.
—See Törzsök (2007).
Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa, trans. Bodewitz, H.W. (1973) Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa I, 1-65. Leiden:
BRILL.
Jñānārṇava, ed. Jain, D. (2017) Gems of Jaina Wisdom: Shri Subhachandracharya’s
Jnanarnavah. Delhi: Jain Granthagar.
Jñāneśvarī
—See Kiehnle (2005) and Lambert (1967).
—See Mallinson and Szántó (2021).
Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad—See Slaje (1995).
Khecarīvidyā, ed. Mallinson, J. (2007) The Khecarividya of Adinatha: A Critical Edition and
Annotated Translation of an Early Text of Hathayoga. London: Routledge.
—See Goodall (2011), Heilijgers-Seelen (1994), Dyczkowski (1988), Schoterman (1982), and
Goudriaan (1981).
Kulārnavatantra, ed. Rai, R.K. (1999) Varanasi: Prachya Prakashan.
—See Smith (2005) and Tubb (1984).
Mahābhārata, eds. Sukthankar, V. et al (1927-1959) 19 vols. Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
—See Mallinson and Szántó (2021), Takahashi (2019), Dhand (2008), Knipe (2005), Matilal
(2002), Hill (2001). Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha —See Sternbach (1976).
—See Vasudeva (2004).
—See Olivelle (2009, 2004).
Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa, adhyayas 1-93, input by members of the Sansknet project
(www.sansknet.org). Mataṅgapārameśvara
—See Hatley (2016).
Matsyendrasaṃhitā, ed. Kiss, C. (2021) The Yoga of the Matsyendrasaṃhitā: A Critical
Edition and Annotated Translation of Chapters 1-13 and 55. Pondicherry: EFEO.
—See also Kiss (2018), Mallinson (2007).
—See Cohen (2023, 2018), Hanneder (2005).
—See Olivelle (1996)
—See Hatley (2016).
Pātañjalayogaśāstra. (1904) Ānandāśrama Sanskrit Series, 47. Pune:
Ānandāśramamudraṇālaye. Input by Maas, P. Available at: https://gretil.sub.unigoettingen.de/gretil.html (Accessed: 26 march 2024)
—See O’Brien-Kop (2021), Leggett (2017) and Bryant (2015).
—See Doniger (2005), Knipe (2005).
Śāktavijñāna, ed. Zadoo, J. KSTS 000, Śrīnagara 1947, pp.47—49. Data entry: Hellwig, O.
(2007).
—See Silburn (1988).
Śāradātilakatantra
—See Bühnemann (2011), Kiehnle (1997).
Sārdhatriśatikālottaratantra, ed. Bhatt, N.R. (1979) Sārdhatriśatikālottarāgama: avec le commentaire de Bhaṭṭa Rāmakanṇṭha. Pondicherry: EFEO.
Śārṅgadharapaddhati, ed. Peterson, P. (1887) Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthana.
—See Winternitz (1936), Böhtlingk (1873) and Aufrecht (1871).
Ṣaṭcakranirūpaṇa
—See Avalon (1918).
—See Schoterman (1982).
Siddhasiddhāntapaddhati ed. Gharote, M.L. and Pai, G.K. (2005) Siddhasiddhāntapaddhatiḥ: a treatise on the nātha philosophy by Gorakṣanātha. Lonavla: Lonavla Yoga Institute.
Śivasaṃhitā, ed. Mallinson, J. (2007) The Shiva Samhita: a critical edition and an English translation. Woodstock, NY: YogaVidya.com.
—See Vasu (1914), Maheshananda (1999), Pasedach (ongoing).
—See Bakker (2014).
Strīdharmapaddhati, trans. Leslie, J. (1995, first published 1989) The Perfect Wife
(Strīdharmapaddhati): Tryambakayajvan. New Delhi: Penguin.
Suśrutasaṃhitā, etext input by T. Yamashita and Y. Muroya. SARIT.
—See Leslie (1996).
Taittirīyasaṃhitā
—See Hüsken (2001), Leslie (1996), Slaje (1995).
—See Sanderson (2018), Padoux (1990), Silburn (1988).
Tantrasadbhāva
—See Heilijgers-Seelen (1994), Padoux (1990) for Kṣemarāja’s commentary on the
Vajroliyoga
—See Mallinson (2018).
Vārṣṇeyādhyātma
—See Mallinson and Szántó (2021), Takahashi (2019).
Vasiṣṭhasaṃhitā, eds. Maheshananda, S., Sharma, B.R., Sahay, G.S. and Bodhe R.K. (2005, first published 1984) Vaśiṣṭha Saṃhitā: Yoga kāṇḍa. Lonavla: Kaivalyadhama.
—See Digambar, Jhā and Sahay (1984).
Vivekamārtaṇḍa, ed. Mallinson, J. (draft), Pondicherry: EFEO.
—See Briggs (1938), Shukla and Kuvalayananda (1958), Nowotny (1976)
Yogabīja, ed. Birch, J. (forthcoming) Pondicherry: EFEO.
—See also Awasthi (1985), Mallinson and Singleton (2017), Muñoz (2014, 2016), Ondračka
(2022), Śrīvāstav (1982).
Yogatārāvalī, ed. Birch, J. (2018 working edition).
—See also Birch (2015).
Yogavāsiṣṭha, ed. Hanneder, J. (ed.) et al (2005) The Mokṣopāya, Yogavāsiṣṭha and Related
Texts. Aachen: Shaker Verlag.
—See Cohen 2020.
Yogayājñavalkya, ed. Divanji, P.C. (1954) Bombay: Royal Asiatic Society.
Yuktiprabodha, trans. Jaini, P.S. (1991) Gender and salvation: Jaina debates on the spiritual liberation of women. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Secondary Sources
Acevedo, D.D. (2018) ‘Gods’ homes, men’s courts, women’s rights’, International Journal of
Constitutional Law, 16(2), pp. 552–573.
Acri, A. and Wenta, A. (2022) ‘A Buddhist Bhairava? Kṛtanagara’s Tantric Buddhism in Transregional Perspective’, Entangled religions, 13(7).
Ahmed, S. (2006) Queer phenomenology: orientations, objects, others. Durham: Duke University Press.
Ahmed, S. et al. (2010) The Affect Theory Reader. Durham: Duke University Press.
Aktor, M. (2016) ‘The Cāṇḍālī as Śakti’, in B.W. Olesen (ed.) Goddess traditions in Tantric Hinduism: history, practice and doctrine. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group (Routledge studies in tantric traditions), pp. 96–108.
Albohair, J. (2021) The Amma Empire: a testimony by one of the hugging saint’s first disciples.
Ali, D. (2002) ‘Anxieties of Attachment: The Dynamics of Courtship in Medieval India’, Modern Asian Studies, 36(1), pp. 103–139.
Alter, J.S. (2011) Moral Materialism: Sex and Masculinity in Modern India. London:
Penguin.
—(2004) ‘Indian Clubs and Colonialism: Hindu Masculinity and Muscular Christianity’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 46(3), pp. 497–534.
Andreeva, A. and Steavu, D. (2016) Transforming the Void: Embryological Discourse and
Reproductive Imagery in East Asian Religions. Leiden; Boston: BRILL.
Apffel-Marglin, F. and Jean, J.A. (2020) ‘Weaving the Body and the Cosmos: Two Menstrual Festivals in Northeastern India’, Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology,
24(3), pp. 245–284.
Arondekar, A. and Patel, G. (2016) ‘Area Impossible: Notes toward an Introduction’, GLQ: A
Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 22(2), pp. 151–171.
Arthur, M. (2021) ‘Affect Studies’, obo. Oxford Bibliographies. Available at:
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780190221911/obo9780190221911-0103.xml (Accessed: 21 July 2021).
Ashton, G. (2020a) ‘The Puzzle of Playful Matters in Non-Dual Śaivism and Sāṃkhya:
Reviving Prakṛti in the Sāṃkhya Kārikā through Goethean Organics’, Religions, 11(5).
—(2020b) ‘Recuperating the Life of Nature in the Sāṃkhya Kārikā. A Reconsideration of the Concept of Prakṛti through Goethe’s Organics’. Yogakathana, University of Ca Foscari, Venice, 18 June.
Atkinson, S. (2022) Krishnamacharya on Kundalini: The Origins and Coherence of His
Position. London: Equinox Publishing.
Aufrecht, T. (1871) ‘Ueber die Paddhati von Çârngadhara’, ZDMG, 27, pp. 1–100.
Avalon, A. (aka John George Woodroffe) (1918) The Serpent Power: Being the Shat-cakranirupaṇa and the Pādukā-panchaka. Madras: Ganesg & Co.
Awasthi, B. (1985) Yoga Bija. Delhi: Swami Keshananda Yoga Institute.
Baffelli, E. (2022) ‘Living Aum: Austerities, Emotion, and the Feeling Community of Former
Aum Shinrikyō Members’, Nova Religio, 25(3), pp. 7–31.
Baker, I.A. (2019) Tibetan Yoga: Principles and Practices. Inner Traditions/Bear.
Bakhtin, M.M. (1986) ‘The problem of the text in linguistics, philology, and the human sciences: An experiment in philosophical analysis’, in Speech Genres and Other Late
Essays. United States: University of Texas Press.
Bakker, H. (2014) The World of the Skandapurāṇa. Leiden: Brill.
Bankar, A. (unpublished) ‘Story of Mahāsiddha Kānhapā / Kṛṣṇapāda and Yoginī Bahuḍī from Līḷācaritra (LU.197)’.
—(2019) ‘The mystic tales of siddhas: hagiography in early Marathi sources’. SOAS Centre of
Yoga Studies, SOAS University of London, 10 December.
Barthes, R. and Heath, S. (1977) Image, music, text. London: Fontana.
Beauvoir, S. de and Parshley, H.M. (1988, first published 1949) The second sex. London: Pan.
Berlant, L. (2012) Desire/Love. Brooklyn, New York: Punctum Books.
Bevilacqua, D. (2017) ‘Let the Sādhus Talk. Ascetic practitioners of yoga in northern India’,
Religions of South Asia, 11(2–3), pp. 182–206.
Bhatt, N.R. (1979) Sārdhatriśatikālottarāgama: avec le commentaire de Bhaṭṭa
Rāmakanṇṭha. Pondichéry: Inst. Français d’Indologie (Publications de l’Institut Français d’Indologie, 61).
Biernacki, L. (2023) The Matter of Wonder: Abhinavagupta’s Panentheism and the New Materialism. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
—(2019) ‘Subtle body: Rethinking the body’s subjectivity through Abhinavagupta body’, in
G. Pati and K.C. Zubko (eds) Transformational Embodiment in Asian Religions: Subtle Bodies, Spatial Bodies. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge (Routledge Studies in Religion), pp.
108–127.
—(2012) ‘Real Men Say No: Representations of Masculinity in Hinduism’, English Language
Notes, 50(2), pp. 49–61.
—(2008) Renowned Goddess of Desire: Women, Sex, and Speech in Tantra. Oxford
University Press.
Birch, J. (2023) The Amaraugha and Amaraughaprabodha of Gorakṣanātha: The Genesis of
Haṭha and Rājayoga. Pondicherry: EFEO.
—(2020a) ‘Haṭhayoga’s Floruit on the Eve of Colonialism’, in D. Goodall et al. (eds) Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions: Essays in Honour of Alexis G.J.S. Sanderson. Leiden; Boston:
Brill, pp. 451–479.
—(2020b) ‘The Quest for Liberation-in-Life: A Survey of Early Works on Haṭha-and
Rājayoga’, in G. Flood (ed.) Hindu Practice. Oxford University Press.
—(2019) ‘The Amaraughaprabodha: New Evidence on the Manuscript Transmission of an Early Work on Haṭha-and Rājayoga’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 47(5), pp. 947–977.
—(2018) ‘Premodern Yoga Traditions and Ayurveda’, History of Science in South Asia, 6, pp.
1–83.
—(2015) ‘The Yogatārāvalī and the Hidden History of yoga’, Nāmarūpa: Categories of
Indian Thought, (20), pp. 4–13.
—(2014) ‘Rājayoga: The Reincarnations of the King of All Yogas’, International Journal of Hindu Studies, 17(3), pp. 399–442.
—(2013) The Amanaska: king of all yogas: a critical edition and annotated translation with a monographic introduction. Ph.D. University of Oxford.
—(2011) ‘The Meaning of haṭha in Early Haṭhayoga’, Journal of the American Oriental
Society, 131(4), pp. 527–554.
Birch, J. and Singleton, M. (2019) ‘The Yoga of the Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati: Haṭhayoga on the Cusp of Modernity’, Journal of Yoga Studies, 2, pp. 3–70.
Black, B. (2012) The Character of the Self in Ancient India, The: Priests, Kings, and Women in the Early Upanisads. Albany: State University of New York.
Black, S. (2020) ‘Decolonising Yoga’, in S. Newcombe and K. O’Brien-Kop (eds) Routledge
Handbook of Yoga and Meditation Studies. Milton: Taylor & Francis Group.
Böhtlingk, O. (1873) Einige Bemerkungen zu den von Th. Aufrecht am Anfange dieses Bandes veröffentlichten und übersetzten Sprüchen aus Çârñgadhara’s Paddhati. Halle:
Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt.
Bokenkamp, S.R. (1997) Early Daoist Scriptures. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bouillier, V. (2016) Monastic Wanderers: Nāth Yogī Ascetics in Modern South Asia. New
Delhi: Manohar.
Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bouy, C. (1994) Les Nātha-yogin et les Upaniṣads: étude d’histoire de la littérature hindoue.
Paris: Collège de France, Institut de civilisation indienne.
Brereton, J.P. (1990) ‘The Upanishads’, in W. Debary and I. Bloom (eds) Approaches to the
Asian Classics. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 115–135.
Briggs, G.W. (1997, first published 1938) Gorakhnāth and the Kānphaṭa Yogīs. Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass Publisher.
Bronkhorst, J. (1998) The Two Sources of Indian Asceticism. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Brunner-Lachaux, H., Goodall, D. and Rastelli, M. (eds) (2013) Tāntrikābhidhānakośa: dictionnaire des termes techniques de la littérature hindoue tantrique. 3: Ṭ -Ph. Wien:
Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Brunner, H., Oberhammer, G. and Padoux, A. (2004) Tantrikabhidhanakosa II. Dictionnaire des termes techniques de la littérature hindoue tantrique. A Dictionary of Technical Terms from Hindu Tantric Literature. Wörterbuch zur Terminologie hinduistischer Tantren.
Wein: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Brunner-Lachaux, H., Oberhammer, G. and Padoux, A. (2000) Tāntrikābhidhānakośa:
dictionnaire des termes techniques de la littérature hindoue tantrique. Wien: Verlag der
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Bryant, E.F. (2015) The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali: A New Edition, Translation, and
Commentary. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Bühnemann, G. (2011) ‘The Śāradātilakatantra on yoga: A new edition and translation of chapter 25’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 74(02), pp. 205–235.
—(2007) Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga: A Survey of Traditions. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld.
Burley, M. (2007) Classical Samkhya and Yoga: an Indian metaphysics of experience.
London: Routledge.
Butler, J. (1993) Bodies that matter: on the discursive limits of ‘sex’. New York, London:
Routledge.
—(1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London: Routledge.
Cabezón, J.I. (2017) Sexuality in Classical South Asian Buddhism. Somerville, MA: Simon and Schuster.
—(1993) Buddhism, sexuality, and gender. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.
Caldwell, S. (2001) ‘The Heart of the Secret: A Personal and Scholarly Encounter with Shakta Tantrism in Siddha Yoga’, Nova Religio, 5(1), pp. 9–51.
Cerulli, A.M. (2010) ‘Āyurveda’, Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume II: Texts,
Rituals, Arts, and Concepts. Edited by K.A. Jacobsen et al. Leiden: Brill.
Chakrabarti, K.K. (1999) Classical Indian philosophy of mind: the Nyāya dualist tradition.
Albany: State University of New York Press.
Chapple, C.K. (2020) Living Landscapes: Meditations on the Five Elements in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Yogas. Albany: SUNY.
Chatterji, A. and Chaudhry, L.N. (2014) Contesting Nation: Gendered Violence in South
Asia: Notes on the Postcolonial Present. New Dehli: Zubaan.
Cohen, T. (2023) Yoga in the Mokṣpāya. Ph.D. University of Toronto.
—(2020) ‘Uddālaka’s Yoga in the Mokṣopāya’, Religions, 11(3), pp. 111–122.
—(2018) ‘What if the Author of the Mokṣopāya Were a Woman’, Arc—The Journal of the School of Religious Studies, McGill University, 46, pp. 45–65.
Cohn, B.S. (1996) Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Colebrooke, H.T. (1824) Essay on the Philosophy of the Hindus. Part II. Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
—(1823) On the Philosophy of the Hindus. Part I. Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collins, S. (2009) ‘Remarks on the Visuddhimagga, and on its treatment of the Memory of Former Dwelling(s) (pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇa)’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 37(5), pp.
499–532.
Cox, S. (2022) The Subtle Body: A Genealogy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Darmon, R.A. (2002) ‘Vajrolī Mudrā: La rétention séminale chez les yogis vāmācāri’, in V.
Bouillier and G. Tarabout (eds) Images du corps dans le monde hindou. Paris: CNRS, pp.
213–240.
Das, R.P. (2003) The Origin of The Life of a Human Being: conception and the female according to ancient Indian medical and sexological literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
—(1992) ‘Problematic Aspects of the Sexual Rituals of the Bauls of Bengal’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 112(3), pp. 388–432.
Dasgupta, S.B. (1969, first published 1946) Obscure religious cults. [3d ed.]. Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay.
Datoo, S. (2023) ‘Review: Minakshi Menon (ed.), Indigenous Knowledges and Colonial
Sciences in South Asia: (South Asian History and Culture, special issue, vol. 13, n. 1, 2022)’, History of Science in South Asia, 11, pp. R12–R15.
Dehejia, V. (1986) Yoginī cult and temples : a tantric tradition. New Delhi: National Museum.
Despeux, C. (2016) ‘Symbolic pregnancy and the sexual identity of Taoist adepts’, in A. Andreeva and D. Steavu (eds) Transforming the Void. Embryological Discourse and Reproductive Imagery in East Asian Religions. Leiden; Boston: Brill, pp. 147–185.
—(2000) ‘Women in Daoism’, in L. Kohn (ed.) Daoism Handbook. Leiden; Boston; Köln:
BRILL, pp. 384–412.
Dhand, A. (2008) Woman as Fire, Woman as Sage: Sexual Ideology in the Mahabharata.
Ithaca: SUNY Press.
Diamond, D. (ed.) (2013) Yoga: The Art of Transformation. Washington, D.C: Bravo Ltd.
Digambar, Jhā, P. and Sahay, G.S. (1984) Vasiṣṭha saṃhitā, Yoga kāṇḍạ. Lonavla, Poona:
Kaivalyadhama S.M.Y.M. Samiti.
Digambaraji, S and Kokaje, R.S. eds. (1998) Haṭhapradīpikā of Svātmārām. Lonavla:
Kaivalyadhama
Digambaraji, S. and Sahai, M. (1969) ‘Vajroli, Amaroli and Sahajoli. Yoga Mimamsa, 11(4),
15–24.’, Yoga Mimamsa, 11(4), pp. 15–24.
Divanji, P.C. (1954) Yoga-Yājñavalkya. Bombay: Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
Djurdjevic, G. (2019) Sayings of Gorakhnath: Annotated Translation of the Gorakh Bani.
Translated by S. Singh and Gordan Djurdjevic. New York: Oxford University Press.
Doniger, W. (2011) The Implied Spider: Politics and Theology in Myth. New York: Columbia
University Press.
—(2005) The Rig Veda. London: Penguin.
—(1980) Women, androgynes, and other mythical beasts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Douglas, M. (1966) Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Dyczkowski, M.S.G. (1988) The Canon of the Śaivagāma and the Kubjikā Tantras of the Western Kaula Tradition. Delhi: State University of New York Press.
Eliade, M. (2009, first published 1954) Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. Princeton, Oxford:
Princeton University Press.
—(1963) Aspects du mythe. Paris: Gallimard.
Ernst, C.W. (2005) ‘Situating Sufism and Yoga’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 15(1), pp. 15–43.
Eskildsen, S. (2004) The teachings and practices of the early Quanzhen Taoist masters.
Albany: State University of New York.
Eyre, H.A. et al. (2017) ‘A randomized controlled trial of Kundalini yoga in mild cognitive impairment’, International Psychogeriatrics, 29(4), pp. 557–567.
Faure, B. (2003) The power of denial Buddhism, purity, and gender. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Feldhaus, A. (1980) ‘The “Devatācakra” of the Mahānubhāvas’, Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 43(1), pp. 101–109.
Flood, G. (2016) ‘Hermeneutics’, in M. Stausberg and S. Engler (eds) The Oxford Handbook of the Study of Religion. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 150–160.
—(2006) The Tantric Body: The Secret Tradition of Hindu Religion. London; New York:
I.B.Tauris
—(2004) The ascetic self: subjectivity, memory, and tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
—(2002) ‘The Purification of the Body in Tantric Ritual Representation’, Indo-Iranian Journal, 45(1), pp. 25–43.
—(2000) ‘The Purification of the Body’, in D.G. White (ed.) Tantra in practice. Princeton:
Princeton University Press (Princeton readings in religions), pp. 509–520.
Flueckiger, J.B. (2013) When the world becomes female: guises of a South Indian goddess.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Foucault, M. (1979) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
—(1978) The History of Sexuality. Paris: Pantheon.
Frauwallner, E. (1953) Die Philosophie des Veda und Der Jing Das Samkhya und Das Klassische Yoga-System. Salzburg: Otto Müller Verlag.
Frazier, J. (2017) Hindu Worldviews: Theories of Self, Ritual and Reality. London; New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Freiberger, O. (2019) Considering comparison a method for religious studies. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Freud, S. and Strachey, J. (2010, first published 1930) Civilization and its discontents. New
York: W.W. Norton & Company
Funes, A.L.F. (2017) ‘Kuṇḍalinī Rising and Liberation in the Yogavāsiṣṭha: The Story of Cūḍālā and Śikhidhvaja: Religions’, Religions, 8(11), pp. 248–248.
Furth, C. (1999) A flourishing Yin: gender in China’s medical history, 960-1665. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Garrett, F. (2008) Religion, Medicine and the Human Embryo in Tibet. London; New York:
Routledge.
Gold, D. (2002) ‘Kabīr’s Secrets for Householders: Truths and Rumours among Rajasthani Nāths’, in M. Horstmann (ed.) Images of Kabīr. New Delhi: Manohar.
Gold, A.G. and Gold, D. (1984) ‘The Fate of the Householder Nath’, History of Religions, 24(2), pp. 113–132.
Gonda, J. (1975) Vedic literature: Saṃhitās and Brāhmanạs. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Goodall, D. and Isaacson, H. (2011) ‘Tantric Hinduism’, in J. Frazier and G. Flood (eds) The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies. London; New York: A&C Black, pp. 122–136.
Goudriaan, T. (1985) The Vīṇāśikhatantra: a Śaiva tantra of the ‘left current’. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Goudriaan, T. and Gupta, S. (1981) A history of Indian literature: Hindu tantric and Śākta literature. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
Grimes, S. (2020) ‘Amṛtasiddhi A Posteriori: An Exploratory Study on the Possible Impact of the Amṛtasiddhi on the Subsequent Sanskritic Vajrayāna Tradition’, Religions, 11(3), p. 140.
Grinshpon, Y. (2002) Silence unheard: deathly otherness in Pātañjala-yoga. Albany: State
University of New York Press
Gyatso, J. (2015) Being Human in a Buddhist World: An Intellectual History of Medicine in Early Modern Tibet. New York: Columbia University Press.
—(2009) ‘Spelling Mistakes, Philology, and Feminist Criticism: Women and Boys in Tibetan Medicine’, in F. Pommaret and J.L. Achard (eds). Dharamsala: Amnye Machen Institute, pp. 81–98.
Hanssen, K. (2006) ‘The True River Ganges: Tara’s begging Practices’, in M. Khandelwal, S.L. Hausner, and A. Gold (eds) Women’s Renunciation in South Asia: Nuns, Yoginis, Saints, and Singers. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 95–138.
—(2002) ‘Ingesting Menstrual Blood: Notions of Health and Bodily Fluids in Bengal’, Ethnology, 41(4), p. 365.
Haraway, D.J. (2017) Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. San Francisco Art Institute. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrYA7sMQaBQ
(Accessed: 26 March 2024).
—(2016) Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press.
Hatley, S. (2022) ‘Kuṇḍalinī’, in J.D. Long et al. (eds) Hinduism and Tribal Religions.
Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 822–826.
—(2021) ‘From wheel of channels (nāḍīcakra) to jeweled lotus (maṇipūra): A brief history of the navel (nabhi) in tantric yoga’, 17-19 September. New Light on Yoga: Insights, perspectives and methods. Virtual conference, Bad Meinberg.
—(2019) ‘Sisters and Consorts, Adepts and Goddesses: Representations of Women in the Brahmayāmala’, in N. Mirnig, M. Rastelli, and V. Eltschinger (eds) Tantric communities in context. Wien: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.
—(2016) ‘Erotic asceticism: the razor’s edge observance (asidhārāvrata) and the early history of tantric coital ritual.’ Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies, 79(2), pp.
329–345.
—(2014) ‘Goddesses in text and stone: Temples of the Yoginīs in light of Tantric and Purāṇic Literatures’, in B. Fleming and R. Mann (eds) Material Culture and Asian Religions: Text, Image, Object. London: Routledge.
—(2015) The Brahmayāmalatantra, or, Picumata. Pondicherry, India: Institut Français de
Pondichéry; Paris, France: École Française d’Extrême-Orient; Hamburg, Germany:
Asien-Afrika-Institut, Universität Hamburg.
—(2013) ‘What is a Yoginī? Towards a Polythetic Definition’, in I. Keul (ed.) ‘Yogini’ in South Asia: Interdisciplinary Approaches. London; New York: Routledge.
—(2007) The Brahmayāmalatantra and Early Śaiva Cult of Yoginīs. Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania.
Hanneder, J. (ed.) et al, (2005) The Mokṣopāya, Yogavāsiṣṭha and Related Texts. Aachen:
Shaker Verlag.
Hauser, B. (2024) Improving Moral Posture: Female Pioneers of Hatha Yoga in 1950s
Germany, Religions of South Asia, 18 (1–2) pp.72–97.
—(2020) ‘Asanas, aspirations and agency: Attracting women to yoga—Vignettes from PostWar Germany and their impact for critical yoga studies’. Keynote. Gender & Diversity in Contemporary Yoga, Ghent University, Belgium, 22 October.
Hawley, J.S., Novetzke, C.L. and Sharma, S. (2019) Bhakti and Power: Debating India’s
Religion of the Heart. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Heesterman, J.C. (1985) The inner conflict of tradition: essays in Indian ritual, kingship, and society. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.
—(1957) The ancient Indian royal consecration: the rājasūya described according to the Yajus texts and annotated. Berlin, Boston: Mouton.
Heilijgers-Seelen, D.M. (1994) The system of five cakras in Kubjikāmatatantra 14-16.
Groningen: E. Forsten.
Hill, P. (2001) Fate, predestination and human action in the Mahābhārata: a study in the history of ideas. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
—(1988) Fate and freedom in the Mahābhārata. Ph.D. SOAS University of London.
Hirakawa, A. (1982) Monastic Discipline for the Buddhist Nuns: an English Translation of the Chinese Text of the Mahāsāṃghika-Bhikṣuṇī-Vinaya. Patna: Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute.
Hirmer, M. (2022a) Cosmic households and primordial creativity: worlding the world with (and as) Devī in a contemporary Indian Śrīvidyā tradition. Ph.D. SOAS University of London.
—(2022b) ‘Give a Kick to Kundalini’. Yoga darśana, yoga sādhana: Methods, migrations, mediations, Kraków, 18 May.
Holdrege, B.A. (2008) ‘Body’, in S. Mittal and G.R. Thursby (eds) Studying Hinduism: key concepts and methods. London; New York: Routledge.
—(1998) ‘Body Connections: Hindu Discourses of the Body and the Study of Religion’, International Journal of Hindu Studies, 2(3), pp. 341–386.
Hurwitt, E.S.J. (2022) ‘Women, Religion and the Body in South Asia: Living with Bengali
Bauls’, International Jurnal of Hindu Studies, 26(2), pp. 255–257.
Hüsken, U. (2001) ‘Pure or Clean?’, Traditional South Asian Medicine, 6, pp. 85–96.
Jacobsen, K.A. (2005) Theory and practice of yoga: essays in honour of Gerald James
Larson. Leiden: Brill.
Jain, P. (2011) Dharma and ecology of Hindu communities: sustenance and sustainability.
Farnham: Ashgate.
Jamison, S.W. (1996) Sacrificed wife/sacrificer’s wife: women, ritual, and hospitality in
Ancient India. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Javanaud, K. (2020) ‘The World on Fire: A Buddhist Response to the Environmental Crisis’,
Religion, 11(8).
Johnson, W.J. (1994) The Bhagavad Gita. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Joshi, M.C. (2002) ‘Historical and Iconographical Aspects of Śākta Tantrism’, in K.A. Harper and R.L. Brown (eds) The Roots of Tantra. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Jung, C.G. (2015, first published 1932) The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1932. London: Routledge.
Kaelber, W.O. (1989) Tapta-Marga: Asceticism and Initiation in Vedic India. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Kaimal, P. (2013) ‘Yoginīs in stone: Auspicious and inauspicious power’, in ‘Yogini’ in South
Asia: Interdisciplinary Approaches. London; New York: Routledge.
Kaza, S. and Kraft, K. (2000) Dharma Rain: Sources of Buddhist Environmentalism. Boston; London: Shambala.
Kent, E.F. (2013) Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Kiehnle, C. (2005) ‘The Secret of the Nāths: The Ascent of Kuṇḍalinī according to Jñāneśvarī
6.151-328’, Bulletin des études indiennes, 22(3), pp. 447–94.
—(1997) ‘The Lotus of the Heart’, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik, 21, pp. 91–103.
King, R. (1999) Orientalism and Religion: Postcolonial Theory, India, and “The Mystic
East.” New York; London: Routledge.
Knight, L. (2006) ‘Renouncing Expectations: Single Baul Women Renouncers and the Value of Being a Wife’, in M. Khandelwal, S.L. Hausner, and A. Gold (eds) Women’s Renunciation in South Asia: Nuns, Yoginis, Saints, and Singers. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 191–222.
Knipe, D. (2005) ‘Tapas’, Encyclopedia of Religion. 2nd edn. Edited by L. Jones. Thomson
Gale.
—(2001) ‘Balancing raudra and santi: Rage and repose in states of possession’, in K. Karttunen and P. Koskikallio (eds) Vidyårṇavavandanam: essays in honour of Asko
Parpola. Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society.
Kohn, L. (2008) Chinese healing exercises the tradition of Daoyin. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
—(2006) ‘The subtle body ecstasy of Daoist inner alchemy’, Acta Orientalia, 59(3), pp. 325–
340.
—(2000) Daoism Handbook. Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill.
Komjathy, L. (2014a) Daoism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury.
(2014b) ‘Sun Buer: Early Quanzhen Matriarch and the Beginnings of Female Alchemy’,
Nan Nü, 16–2, pp. 171–238.
—(2013a) The Daoist Tradition: An Introduction. London; New York: Bloomsbury.
—(2013b) The Way of Complete Perfection: A Quanzhen Daoist Anthology. Albany: State University of New York Press.
—(2007) Cultivating Perfection: mysticism and self-transformation in early Quanzhen
Daoism. Leiden Boston: Brill.
Kragh, U.T. (2018) ‘Chronotopic Narratives of Seven Gurus and Eleven Texts: A Medieval Buddhist Community of Female Tāntrikas in the Swat Valley of Pakistan’, Cracow Indological Studies, 20(2), pp. 1–26.
—(2017) ‘Determining the corpus of South Asian female-authored Buddhist texts of the eleventh to ninth centuries’, in A.K. Narain et al. (eds) From local to global: papers in
Asian history and culture: Prof. A.K. Narain commemoration volume. Delhi: Buddhist World Press, pp. 627–644.
Krishna, G. (2018, first published 1971) Kundalini: The Evolutionary Energy in Man.
Colorado: Shambhala Publications.
Krishnaswamy, R. and Project Muse (1998) Effeminism: The Economy of Colonial Desire.
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Kristeva, J. (1984) Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Kvaerne, P. (1975) ‘On the concept of sahaja in Indian Buddhist Tantric literature’, Temenos -
Nordic Journal of Comparative Religion, 11.
Lambert, H.M. (1967) Jnāneshvari: Bhāvārthadipikā. New Delhi: Allen & Unwin.
Langenberg, A.P. (2024) ‘Did the Buddha Teach Consent?: Early Buddhist Sexual Ethics in the Light of Abuse Allegations’, in Workshop: Sexuality in the Archive. California
Riverside.
—(2020) ‘On Reading Buddhist Vinaya: Feminist History, Hermeneutics, and Translating
Women’s Bodies’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 88(4), pp. 1121–1153.
—(2019) ‘Book Review’. Buddhism beyond Gender: Liberation from Attachment to Identity, by Rita Gross. Journal of Global Buddhism, 20, pp. 133–137.
—(2018) ‘Buddhism and Sexuality’, Oxford Bibliographies Online. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195393521-0244.
—(2017) Birth in Buddhism: the suffering fetus and female freedom. Abingdon: Routledge.
—(2015) ‘Buddhist Blood Taboo: Mary Douglas, Female Impurity, and Classical Indian Buddhism’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 84(1), pp. 157–191.
Laqueur, T.W. (1992) Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press.
Larson, G.J. (2001) Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning. New
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
—(1983) ‘An Eccentric Ghost in the Machine: Formal and Quantitative Aspects of the Sāṃkhya-Yoga Dualism’, Philosophy East and West, 33(3), pp. 219–233.
Larson, G.J. and Bhattacharya, R.S. (2008) Encyclopedia Of Indian Philosophy. India:
Motilal Banarsidass.
Leggett, T. (2017, first published 1990) Sankara on the Yoga Sutras: A Full Translation of the Newly Discovered Text. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Leslie, J. (1996) ‘Menstruation Myths’, in J. Leslie (ed.) Myth and Mythmaking: Continuous
Evolution in Indian Tradition. Routledge, pp. 87–105.
(1995, first published 1989) The Perfect Wife (Strīdharmapaddhati): Tryambakayajvan. New Delhi: Penguin.
Lidke, J.S. (2017) The Goddess Within and Beyond the Three Cities: Śākta Tantra and the Paradox of Power in Nepāla-maṇḍala. New Delhi: DK Printworld.
Linrothe, R.N. (2006) Holy Madness: Portraits of Tantric Siddhas. Rubin Museum of Art.
Litvak, J. (2012) ‘Unctuous: Resentment in David Copperfield’, Qui Parle, 20(2), pp. 127–150.
Lorea, C.E. and Singh, R. (2023) The Ethnography of Tantra: Textures and Contexts of
Living Tantric Traditions. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Lorenzen, D.N. (2011) ‘Different Drums in Gwalior: Maharashtrian Nath Heritages in a North Indian City’, in A. Munoz and D.N. Lorenzen (eds) Yogi Heroes and Poets: Histories and Legends of the Naths. Albany: State University of New York, pp. 51–61.
Maas, P.A. (2008) ‘The Concepts of the Human Body and Disease in Classical Yoga and Āyurveda’, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens / Vienna Journal of South Asian Studies, 51, pp. 125–162.
Maheshananda, S. (1999) Śiva Saṃhitā: A Critical Edition, English Version. Kaivalyadhama S.M.Y.M. Samiti.
Malamoud, C. (1996) Cooking the World: Ritual and Thought in Ancient India. Translated by D.G. White. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
—(1989) Cuire le monde: rite et pensée dans l’Inde ancienne. Paris: La Découverte.
Mallik, K. (1954) Siddhasiddhāntapaddhati and other works of Nath yogis. Pune: Pune
Oriental Book House.
—(1950) Nātha-sampradāẏer itihās, darśan o sādhanpraṇālī. Kalikātā: Kalikātā biśvabidyālaẏ.
Mallinson, J. (2024) The Dattātreyayogaśāstra. Pune: EFEO.
(2023) ‘Yogi Insignia in Mughal Painting and Avadhi RomancesYogi Insignia in Mughal Painting and Avadhi Romances’, in F. Orsini (ed.) Objects, Images, Stories Simon Digby’s
Historical Methods. New Delhi: OUP India.
—(2020a, 2018 draft) ‘Hatḥayoga’s Early History: From Vajrayāna Sexual Restraint to Universal Somatic Soteriology’, in G. Flood (ed.) The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Practice: Hindu Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—(2020b) ‘The Amṛtasiddhi: Haṭhayoga’s Tantric Buddhist Source Text’, in D. Goodall et al.
(eds) Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions: Essays in Honour of Alexis G.J.S. Sanderson.
Leiden, Boston: BRILL, pp. 409–425.
—(2019) ‘Kālavañcana in the Konkan: How a Vajrayāna Haṭhayoga Tradition Cheated Buddhism’s Death in India’, Religions, 10(4), p. 273.
—(2018) ‘Yoga and Sex: What is the Purpose of Vajrolīmudrā?’, Yoga in Transformation:
Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Edited by K. Baier, P. Maas, and K.
Preisendanz, pp. 183–222.
—(2016) ‘Śaktism and hathyoga’, in B.W. Olesen (ed.) Goddess Traditions in Tantric Hinduism History, Practice and Doctrine. New York: Routledge, pp. 109–140.
—(2014) ‘Haṭhayoga’s philosophy: a fortuitous union of non-dualities’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 42(1), pp. 225–247.
—(2013) ‘Translation of the Dattātreyayogaśāstra, the earliest text to teach haṭhayoga’, Draft [Preprint]. Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/3773137/Translation_of_the_Datt%C4%81treyayoga%C5%9B
%C4%81stra_the_earliest_text_to_teach_ha%E1%B9%ADhayoga (Accessed: 5
November 2017).
—(2012) ‘The Original Gorakṣaśataka’, in D.G. White (ed.) Yoga in Practice. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
(2007a) The Khecarividya of Adinatha: A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation of an Early Text of Hathayoga. London: Routledge.
—(ed.) (2007b) The Shiva Samhita: a critical edition and an English translation. Woodstock,
NY: YogaVidya.com.
—(2004) The Gheranda Samhita: The Original Sanskrit and an English Translation.
Woodstock: YogaVidya.com.
Mallinson, J. and Singleton, M. (2017) Roots of Yoga. London: Penguin.
Mallinson, J. and Szántó, P.-D. (2021) The Amṛtasiddhi and Amṛtasiddhimūla. The Earliest
Texts of the Haṭhayoga Tradition. Pondicherry: EFEO.
Mandair, A.-P.S. (2009) Religion and the Specter of the West: Sikhism, India, Postcoloniality, and the Politics of Translation. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mangiarotti, E. (2023) ‘The politics of tending to the body: Women doing yoga in Genoa (Italy)’,
European Journal of Women’s Studies, 30(1), pp. 22–36.
Marriott, M. (1990) India through Hindu Categories. New Delhi: SAGE.
Martin, G. D. (2010) Multiple originals: new approaches to Hebrew Bible textual criticism.
Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
Massumi, B. (2002) Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Durham; London:
Duke University Press.
Matilal, B.K. (2002) Ethics and epics. Edited by J. Ganeri. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Philosophy, culture, and religion).
Mayrhofer, M. (1957) Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen: D -M.
Heidelberg: Carl Winter-Universitätsverlag.
Michaels, A., Vogelsanger, C. and Wilke, A. (eds) (1996) Wild goddesses in India and Nepal: proceedings of an international symposium, Berne and Zurich, November 1994. Bern; New
York: P. Lang.
Miller, C.J. (2023) Embodying Transnational Yoga: Eating, Singing, and Breathing in
Transformation. London, New York: Taylor & Francis.
Monier-Williams, M. (1899) A Sanskrit-English dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to Cognate indo-european languages. 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
—(1872) A Sanskrit-English dictionary, etymologically and philosophically arranged, with special reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon and other cognate Indo-
European languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
—(1851) A dictionary, English and Sanskrit. London: W.H. Allen.
Muñoz, A. (2016) ‘Yogabīja: a Critical Transcription of a Text on a Haṭhayoga’, Nova Tellus,
34(1), pp. 123–152.
—(tran.) (2014) ‘El Yoga-Bīja, O El Germen Del Yoga’, Estudios de Asia y Africa, 49(2
(154)), pp. 475–495.
—(2011) ‘Matsyendra’s “Golden Legend”: Yogi Tales and Nath Ideology’, in A. Munoz and D.N. Lorenzen (eds) Yogi Heroes and Poets: Histories and Legends of the Naths. Albany:
State University of New York, pp. 109–128.
Nahar, P. (2022) Childlessness in Bangladesh: Intersectionality, Suffering and Resilience. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Narayan, R. and Kumar, J. (2003) Ecology and religion: ecological concepts in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Christianity and Sikhism. Muzaffarpur: Institute for SocioLegal Studies in collaboration with Deep & Deep Publications, New Delhi.
Needham, J. (1983) Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Part 5, Spagyrical Discovery and Invention: Physiological Alchemy. Reprint edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nelson, L.E. (2000) Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India.
New Delhi: D.K. Printworld.
Nemec, J. (2020) ‘Innovation and Social Change in the Vale of Kashmir, circa 900-1250 C.E.’, in D. Goodall et al. (eds). Leiden; Boston: BRILL, pp. 283–320.
Newcombe, S. (2019) Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis. Sheffield:
Equinox.
Novetzke, C.L. and Kale, S. (2023) ‘The Yoga of Power: Yoga as political thought and practice in India’. SOAS Centre of Yoga Studies, SOAS University of London, 14 June.
Nowotny, F. (1976) Das Gorakṣaśataka. Köln: Dokumente d. Geistesgeschichte. 3.
O’Brien-Kop, K. (2021) Rethinking Classical Yoga and Buddhism: Meditation, Metaphors and Materiality. London; New York; Dublin: Bloomsbury.
—(2020) ‘Dharmamegha in yoga and yogācāra: the revision of a superlative metaphor’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 48(4), pp. 605–635.
—(2017) ‘Classical Discourses of Liberation: Shared Botanical Metaphors in Sarvastivada Buddhism and the Yoga of Patañjali’, Religions of South Asia, 11(2–3), pp. 123–157.
O’Flaherty, W.D. (1981) Siva: The Erotic Ascetic. London, New York: Oxford University Press.
Olivelle, P. (2013) King, governance, and law in ancient India: Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—(2009) The law code of Viṣṇu: a critical edition and annotated translation of the VaiṣṇavaDharmaśāstra. Cambridge, Mass.: Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University: Harvard University Press (Harvard oriental series, v. 73).
—(2005) Language, texts, and society: explorations in ancient Indian culture and religion.
Firenze, New Delhi: Firenze University Press; Munshiram Manoharlal.
—(2004) The Law Code of Manu. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—(1998) The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
—(1997) ‘Amṛtā: women and Indian technologies of immorality’, Journal of Indian
Philosophy, 25(5), pp. 427–449.
—(1996) Upaniṣads. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
Ondračka, L. (2021) Amaratva: The Character of Immortality in Yoga Texts. Ph.D. Charles
University.
—(2015) ‘Perfected Body, Divine Body and Other Bodies in the Natha-Siddha Sanskrit
Texts’, The Journal of Hindu Studies, 8, pp. 210–232.
—(2011) ‘What should Mīnanāth do to save his life?’, in D.N. Lorenzen and A. Munoz (eds) Yogi Heroes and Poets: Histories and Legends of the Naths. Albany: State University of New York.
Padoux, A. (1990) Vac: The Concept of the Word in Selected Hindu Tantras. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications.
Pasedach, P. (no date) Śivasaṃhitā. Available at: https://muk.li/upama/sivasamhita:1:ss-1p?upama_ver=gkctzyk7w9 (Accessed: 16 December 2022).
Patton, K.C. and Ray, B.C. (2000) A Magic Still Dwells: Comparative Religion in the Postmodern Age. London: University of California Press.
Pauwels, H. (2013) ‘When a Sufi tells about Krishna’s Doom: The Case of Kanhāvat
(1540?)’, The Journal of Hindu Studies, 6(1), pp. 21–36.
Pinch, W.R. (2006) Warrior Ascetics and Indian Empires. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Pollock, S. (2016) A Rasa Reader: Classical Indian Aesthetics. New York: Columbia
University Press.
—(2009) ‘Future Philology? The Fate of a Soft Science in a Hard World’, Critical Inquiry,
35(4), pp. 931–961.
Powers, J. (2009) A Bull of a Man: Images of Masculinity, Sex, and the Body in Indian
Buddhism. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press.
Pratibhāprajñā, S. (2015) Prekṣā Meditation History and Methods. Ph.D. SOAS, University of London.
Pregadio, F. (2021) ‘The Alchemical Body in Daoism’, Journal of Daoist Studies, 14(14), pp. 99–127.
—(2019) Taoist internal alchemy: an anthology of Neidan texts. Mountain View, CA: Golden
Elixir Press.
Pregadio, F. and Skar, L. (2000) ‘Inner Alchemy (Neidan)’, in L. Kohn (ed.) Daoism
Handbook. Leiden; Boston; Köln: BRILL, pp. 464–497
Proferes, T.N. (2007) Vedic ideals of sovereignty and the poetics of power. New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Society.
Raja, K.K. (ed.) (1972) Haṭhayogapradīpikā of Svātmārāma with the Commentary of Brahmānanda. Adyar Library.
Ramos, I. (2020) Tantra: Enlightenment to Revolution. London: Thames & Hudson.
—(2017) Pilgrimage and Politics in Colonial Bengal: The Myth of the Goddess Sati. London:
Taylor & Francis.
Ram-Prasad, C. (2018) ‘The Gendered Body’, in Human Being, Bodily Being:
Phenomenology from Classical India. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Raz, G. (2009) The emergence of Daoism: creation of tradition. London: Routledge.
Reddy, V. (1982) Hatharatnavali of Srinivasabhatta Mahayogindra: With an Elaborate Introduction, Selected Text, English Translation, Critical Notes, Appendices, and Word
Index. India: M. Ramakrishna Reddy.
Recalcati, M. (2012) ‘Hate as a Passion of Being’, Qui Parle. Translated by R. McGlazer, 20(2), pp. 151–182.
Rieker, H.U. (1971) The Yoga of light: Hatha Yoga Pradipika; India’s classical handbook.
Translated by E. Becherer. New York: Herder and Herder.
Rigopoulos, A. (1998) Dattātreya: the immortal guru, yogin, and avatāra: a study of the tranformative and inclusive character of a multi-faceted Hindo deity. Albany: State
University of New York.
Robertson, M.I. (2017) ‘The Identity of Person and World in Caraka Saṃhitā 4.5’, Journal of
Indian Philosophy, 45(5), pp. 837–861.
Rosati, P.E. (2017) ‘The Yoni Cult at Kamakhya: Its Cross-Cultural Roots’, Religions of
South Asia, 10(3), pp. 278–299.
Roebuck, V. (2000) The Upanishads. New Delhi: Penguin.
Samuel, G. (2008) The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Samuelson, M. (2007) Remembering the nation, dismembering women?: stories of the South African transition. Ph.D. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
Sanderson, A. (2018) ‘The Śākta Transformation of Śaivism. Keynote Lecture Handout.’, in World Sanskrit Conference, Vancouver. Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/37198020/The_%C5%9A%C4%81kta_Transformation_of_%C
5%9Aaivism._Keynote_Lecture_Handout._WSC_Vancouver_2018.pdf (Accessed: 19 April 2020).
—(2009) ‘The Śaiva Age’, in S. Einoo (ed.) Genesis and Development of Tantra. Japan:
Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo.
—(2005) ‘A Commentary on the Opening Verses of the Tantrasāra of Abhinavagupta’, in Das and Fürlinger (eds) Sāmarasya: Studies in Indian Arts, Philosophy, and Interreligious Dialogue in Honour of Bettina Bäumer. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, pp. 89–148.
—(1988) ‘Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions’, in S. Sutherland et al. (eds) The World’s Religions. London: Routledge, pp. 660–704.
—(1985) ‘Purity and Power among the Brahmins of Kashmir’, in M. Carrithers, S. Collins, and S. Lukes (eds) The Category of the person: anthropology, philosophy, history.
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 190–216.
Sarbadhikary, S. (2023) ‘The Conch as a Tantric Artifact: Metaphysics of a Number and the
Twirled Lives of Text and Practice’, in C.E. Lorea and R. Singh (eds) The Ethnography of
Tantra: Textures and Contexts of Living Tantric Traditions. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 111–136.
Sastri, V.V.R. (1956, first published 1937) ‘The doctrinal culture and tradition of the siddhas’, in H. Bhattacharyya (ed.) The Cultural Heritage of India: Volume IV The Religions.
Ramakrishna Mission, Institute of Culture.
Schaeffer, D. (2019) ‘The Codex of Feeling: Affect Theory and Ancient Texts’, Ancient Jew Review. Available at: https://www.ancientjewreview.com/read/2019/1/11/the-codex-offeeling-affect-theory-and-ancient-texts (Accessed: 24 March 2024).
Schaeffer, K.R. (2002) ‘The attainment of immortality: from Nāthas in India to Buddhists in
Tibet’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 30(6), pp. 515–533.
Schipper, K.M. (1993) The Taoist Body. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.
Schoterman, J.A. (1982) The Ṣaṭsāhasra Saṃhitā: Chapters 1-5. Leiden: Brill.
Schrader, O. (1916) Introduction to the Pancaratra and the Ahirbudhnya Samhita. Madras:
Adyar library.
Sedgwick, E.K. (2003) Touching feeling: affect, pedagogy, performativity. Durham: Duke
University Press.
—(1994) Tendencies. London: Routledge.
Selby, M.A. (2005) ‘Narratives of Conception, Gestation, and Labour in Sanskrit Āyurvedic
Texts’, Asian Medicine, 1(2), pp. 254–275.
Serbaeva, O. (2020) ‘Tantric Transformations of Yoga: Kuṇḍalinī in the ninth to tenth century’, in S. Newcombe and K. O’Brien-Kop (eds) Routledge Handbook of Yoga and
Meditation Studies. Milton: Taylor & Francis.
Shalev, H. (2022) ‘The Increasing Importance of the Physical Body in Early Medieval Haṭhayoga: A Reflection on the Yogic Body in Liberation’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 50(1), pp. 117–142.
—(2021) The Haṭhayogic Body: Between Medieval and Modern Perceptions. Ph.D. Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Sharma, J.G.A.-A. (2002) ‘The problematic of sacred knowledge forbidden outside the circle of orthodoxy in the light of Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta’, Indologica Taurinensia, pp. 9–28.
Shastri, S.A. and Kuvalayananda (trans.) (1958) Gorakṣaśatakam. Lonavla: Kaivalyadhāma S.M.Y.M. Samiti.
Shaw, M.E. (1994) Passionate enlightenment: women in Tantric Buddhism. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
Shukla, S.A. and Kuvalayananda (trans.) (1958) Gorakṣaśatakam. Lonavla: Kaivalyadhāma S.M.Y.M. Samiti.
Shulman, D. (2016) The Inner Life of Dust–A Bottom-Up View of South Asia. UC Berkeley (Avenali Lecture). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXaD93SZ4VY
(Accessed: 14 May 2020).
Silburn, L. (1988) Kundalini: The Energy of the Depths. New York: State University of New York.
Simioli, C. (2016) ‘The “Brilliant Moon Theriac” (Zla zil dar ya kan): A Preliminary Study of Mercury Processing According to the Vase of Amṛta of Immortality ('Chi med bdud rtsi bum pa) and its Influence on Tibetan Pharmacological Literature’, Revue d’Etudes
Tibétaines, 37, pp. 391–419.
Simmer-Brown, J. (2002) Dakini’s warm breath: the feminine principle in Tibetan Buddhism.
Boston, New York: Shambhala.
Singleton, M. (2010) Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice. Oxford, New
York: Oxford University Press.
Singleton, M. and Larios, B. (2020) ‘The scholar-practitioner of yoga in the western academy 1’, in S. Newcombe and K. O’Brien-Kop (eds) Routledge Handbook of Yoga and
Meditation Studies. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, pp. 37–50.
Sinha, M. (1995) Colonial masculinity: the ‘manly Englishman’ and the ‘effeminate Bengali’ in the late nineteenth century. Manchester; Manchester University Press.
Skirry, J. (2008) Descartes: a guide for the perplexed. London; New York: Continuum.
Slaje, W. (1995) ‘Ṛtū-, Ṛtv(i)ya-, Ārtavá’, Journal of the European Āyurvedic Society, 4, pp.
109–148.
Slatoff, Z. (2022) Beyond the Body: Yoga and Advaita in the Aparokṣānubhūti. Ph.D.
Lancaster University.
—(2018) ‘Yoga and Advaita Vedānta in the Aparokṣānubhūti’. World Sanskrit Conference, Vancouver, July. Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/46179367/Yoga_and_Advaita_Ved%C4%81nta_in_the_Aparo k%E1%B9%A3%C4%81nubh%C5%ABti (Accessed: 26 March 2024).
Slouber, M. (2016) Early Tantric Medicine: Snakebite, Mantras, and Healing in the Garuda Tantras. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
Smallcombe, J.W. et al. (2021) ‘Thermoregulation During Pregnancy: a Controlled Trial Investigating the Risk of Maternal Hyperthermia During Exercise in the Heat’, Sports Medicine, 51(12), pp. 2655–2664.
Smith, D. (2005) The birth of Kumāra. New York: New York University Press and JJC
Foundation (The Clay Sanskrit Library).
Smith, J.Z. (1982) ‘In comparison a magic dwells’, in Imagining Religion: From Babylon to
Jonestown. London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 19–35.
Snellgrove, D. (1959 vol 1) The Hevajra Tantra: A Critical Study. Hong Kong; Enfield:
Orchid Press.
Spivak, G.C. (1988) ‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’, in C. Nelson and L. Grossberg (eds)
Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Śrīvāstav, R. (1982) ‘Yogabīja’. Gorakhpur, Gorakhnāth Mandir.
Steavu, D. (2023) ‘Is There Such a Thing as Chinese Yoga?’, Journal of Yoga Studies, 4, pp.
375–412.
Stefaniw, B. (2020) ‘Feminist Historiography and Uses of the Past’, Studies in Late Antiquity, 4(3), pp. 260–283.
Sternbach, L. et al. (1976) Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha. (2 vols). Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute.
Stoler Miller, B. (2004) The Bhagavad-Gita: Krishna’s Counsel in Time of War. New York: Random House Publishing Group.
Syman, S. (2010) The Subtle Body: The Story of Yoga in America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Takahashi, K. (2019) ‘The Manas and the Manovahā Channel in the Vārṣṇeyādhyātma of the Mahābhārata: A Critical Reading of Mahābhārata 12.207.16–29’, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 47(3), pp. 421–452.
Timalsina, S. (2012) ‘Body, Self, and Healing in Tantric Ritual Paradigm’, The Journal of
Hindu Studies, 5(1), pp. 30–52.
Tomkins, S.S. (1962) Affect, imagery, consciousness. New York: Springer.
Törzsök, J. (2014) ‘Women in Early Śākta Tantras: Dūtī, Yoginī and Sādhakī’, Cracow
Indological Studies, XVI, pp. 339–368.
—(2007) ‘Friendly advice’ by Nārāyaṇa & ‘King Vikrama’s adventures’. Suffolk: New York University Press & JJC Foundation (The Clay Sanskrit library).
Trachsler, R. (2006) ‘How to Do Things with Manuscripts: From Humanist Practice to Recent
Textual Criticism’, Textual Cultures, 1(1), pp. 5–28.
Tredwell, G. (2013) Holy Hell: A Memoir of Faith, Devotion, and Pure Madness. Maui:
Wattle Tree Press.
Tubb, G.A. (1984) ‘Heroine as Hero: Pārvatī in the Kumārasaṃbhava and the
Pārvatīpariṇaya: Journal of the American Oriental Society’, Journal of the American
Oriental Society, 104(2), pp. 219–236
Tubb, G.A. and Boose, E.R. (2007) Scholastic Sanskrit: A Handbook for Students. New York:
American Institute of Buddhist Studies.
Torella, R. (1999) ‘Sāṃkhya as sāmānyaśāstra’, Asiatische Studien, 53, pp. 553–562.
Tucker, M.E. and Williams, D.R. (eds) (1998) Buddhism and Ecology. Harvard University
Press.
Urban, H. (2022) ‘Subtle Bodies: Cartographies of the Soul, from India to “the West”
(published as ‘Ciała subtelne. Kartografie duszy od Indii di po Zachód’)’, Hermaoin [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/s/4c3eb2e29f?source=created_email (Accessed: 2 November 2022).
—(2010) The Power of Tantra: Religion, Sexuality and the Politics of South Asian Studies.
London; New York: I.B.Tauris.
—(2003) Tantra: sex, secrecy politics, and power in the study of religions. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
—(2001) ‘The Marketplace and the Temple: Economic Metaphors and Religious Meanings in the Folk Songs of Colonial Bengal’, The Journal of Asian Studies, 60(4), pp. 1085–1114.
Valussi, E. (2022) ‘Daoist Sexual Practices for Health and Immortality for Women’, in V. Lo and M. Stanley-Baker (eds) Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine. New York: Taylor & Francis.
—(2014) ‘Female Alchemy: Transformation of a Gendered Body’, in J. Jia, X. Kang, and P. Yao (eds) Gendering Chinese Religion: Subject, Identity, and Body. New York: State University of New York.
—(2008) ‘Blood, tigers, dragons: the physiology of transcendence for women’, Asian
Medicine: Tradition and Modernity, 4, pp. 46–85.
—(2002) Beheading the red dragon: a history of female alchemy in China. Ph.D. School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London).
Vanita, R. (2003) ‘The Self Is Not Gendered: Sulabha’s Debate with King Janaka’, NWSA
Journal, 15(2), pp. 76–93.
Vasu, Ś.C. (1914) The Siva Samhita. Pâṇini Office.
Vasudeva, S. (2004) The Yoga of Mālinīvijayottaratantra: Chapters 1-4, 7-11, 11-17.
Pondicherry: EFEO.
Wakankar, M. (2010) Subalternity and Religion: The Prehistory of Dalit Empowerment in
South Asia. New York: Routledge.
Wallace, V. (2001) The Inner Kalacakratantra: A Buddhist Tantric View of the Individual.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Wangchuk, D. (2007) The resolve to become a Buddha: a study of the bodhicitta concept in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. Tokyo: International Institute for Buddhist Studies of the
International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies.
Watson, A. (2015) ‘India’s past, philology, and classical Indian philosophy’, Seminar 671, pp.
30–33.
Wayman, A. (1977) Yoga of the Guhyasamājatantra: the arcane lore of forty verses: a
Buddhist tantra commentary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Weeks, J. (2023) Sexuality. Abingdon; New York: Routledge.
Westoby, R. (2021) ‘Raising Rajas in Hathayoga and Beyond’, Religions of South Asia, 13(3), pp. 289–316.
Wiley, K. (2003) ‘Extrasensory Perception and Knowledge in Jainism’, in P. Balcerowicz (ed.) Caturaranayacakram: essays in Jaina philosophy and religion. Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass, pp. 89–111.
White, D.G. (2021) ‘Yoga, the one and the many’, in W. Apel and W. Buchanan (eds) Merton and Hinduism: The Yoga of the Heart. Louisville: Fons Vitae.
—(2014) The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
—(2003a) Kiss of the yoginī: ‘Tantric sex’ in its South Asian contexts. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
—(2003b) ‘Ashes to Nectar: Death and Regeneration among the Rasa Siddhas and Nath
Siddhas’, in L. Wilson (ed.) The living and the dead: social dimensions of death in south Asian religions. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, pp. 13–27.
—(1996) The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India. Chicago; London:
University of Chicago Press.
Whitney, W.D. (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language: A Supplement to His Sanskrit Grammar. Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel.
Wijayaratna, M. (2010) Buddhist nuns: the birth and development of a women’s monastic order. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society.
Winternitz, M. (1936) ‘The Śārṅgadhara-paddhati’, The Poona Orientalist, 1(2).
Woodroffe, J. (1975) Śakti and śākta: essays and addresses. Madras: Ganesh.
Woollacott, M.H., Kason, Y. and Park, R.D. (2021) ‘Investigation of the phenomenology, physiology and impact of spiritually transformative experiences–kundalini awakening’,
EXPLORE, 17(6), pp. 525–534.
Wu, Y.-L. (2016) ‘The Menstruating Womb’, Asian Medicine, 11(1–2).
Wujastyk, Dagmar. (2018) ‘Healthcare and Longevity Practices in Yoga, Ayurveda and
Rasaśāstra’. Embodied Philolosophy: Yoga Reconsidered.
—(2017) ‘How to respond to yogic powers’, www.ayurveyoga.org. Available at: http://ayuryog.org/blog/how-respond-yogic-powers (Accessed: 19 November 2018).
Wujastyk, Dominik (2009) ‘Interpreting the Image of the Human Body in Premodern India’, International Journal of Hindu Studies, 13(2), p. 189.
—(2003a) The Roots of Ayurveda: selections from Sanskrit medical writings. London; New
York: Penguin.
—(2003b) ‘Agni and soma: A Universal Classification’, Studia Asiatica. International Journal for Asian Studies, IV(4+5), pp. 347–369.
Yang, D. (2023) ‘Knowledge Transfer of Bodily Practices Between China and India in the Mediaeval World’, Journal of Yoga Studies, 4, pp. 413–440.
Zimmermann, F. (1979) ‘Remarks on the conception of the body in ayurvedic medicine’, South Asian Digest of Regional Writing: Sources of illness and health in South Asian regional literatures. Edited by G.D. Sontheimer and B. Pfleiderer, 8.
Zubko, K. (2010) ‘Body’, Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume II: Texts, Rituals, Arts, and Concepts. Leiden: BRILL.