The body in early Hatha Yoga
by Ruth Westoby | 2024 | 112,229 words
This page relates ‘Dattatreyayogashastra (select verses)’ of study dealing with the body in Hatha Yoga Sanskrit texts.—This essay highlights how these texts describe physical practices for achieving liberation and bodily sovereignty with limited metaphysical understanding. Three bodily models are focused on: the ascetic model of ‘baking’ in Yoga, conception and embryology, and Kundalini’s affective processes.
Appendix 1 - Dattātreyayogaśāstra (select verses)
[Full title: Dattātreyayogaśāstra: Select verses from Mallinson draft critical edition—20 February 2024]
12 aṅgeṣu mātṛkānyāsapūrvaṃ mantraṃ japet sudhīḥ |
ekena cāpi siddhiḥ syān mantrayogaḥ sa ucyate ||
14 alpabuddhir imaṃ yogaṃ sevate sādhakādhamaḥ |
mantrayogo hy ayaṃ prokto yogānām adhamaḥ smṛtaḥ ||
15 layayogaś cittalayāt saṃketais tu prajāyate |
ādināthena saṃketāḥ sārdhakoṭiḥ prakīrtitāḥ ||
21 tiṣṭhan gacchan svapan bhuñjan dhyāyec chūnyam aharniśam |
ayam eko hi saṃketa ādināthena bhāṣitaḥ ||
22 nāsāgradṛṣṭhimātreṇa aparaḥ parikīrtitaḥ |
śiraḥpāścātyabhāgasya dhyānaṃ mṛtyuṃ jayo'paraḥ ||
23 bhrūmadhyadṛṣṭimātreṇa paraḥ saṃketa ucyate |
†līl↠vibhūtilepaś ca uttamaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ||
24 svasya dakṣiṇapādasya aṅguṣṭhe laya uttamaḥ |
uttānaśavavad bhūmau śayanaṃ cottamottamaḥ ||
25 śithilo nirjane deśe kuryāc cet siddham āpnuyāt |
evaṃ ca bahusaṃketān kathayām āsa śaṅkaraḥ ||
26 saṃketair bahubhiś cānyair yaś cittasya layo bhavet |
sa eva layayogaḥ syād haṭhayogam ataḥ śṛṇu ||
33 laghvāhāras tu teṣv eko mukhyo bhavati nāpare |
ahiṃsā niyameṣv ekā mukhyā bhavati sāmkṛte ||
41 brāhmaṇaḥ śramaṇo vāpi bauddho vāpy ārhato'pi vā |
kāpāliko vā cārvākaḥ śraddhayā sahitaḥ sudhīḥ ||
42 yogābhyāsarato nityaṃ sarvasiddhim avāpnuyāt |
kriyāyuktasya siddhiḥ syād akriyasya kathaṃ bhavet ||
43 na śāstrapāthamātreṇa yogasiddhiḥ prajāyate |
muṇḍito daṇḍadhārī vā kāṣāyavasano'pi vā ||
44 nārāyaṇavado vāpi jaṭilo bhasmalepanaḥ |
namaḥśivāyavākyo vā bāhyārcāpujako'pi vā ||
45 sthānadvādaśapuṇḍro vā mālābhir bahubhūṣitaḥ |
kriyāvihīno vā krūraḥ kathaṃ siddhim avāpnuyāt ||
46 na veṣadhāraṇaṃ siddheḥ kāraṇaṃ na ca tatkathā |
kriyaiva kāraṇaṃ siddheḥ satyam eva tu sāṃkṛte ||
47 śiśnodarārthaṃ yogasya kathayā veṣadhāriṇaḥ |
anuṣṭhānavihīnās tu vañcayanti janān kila ||
60 tato dakṣiṇahastasya aṅguṣṭhena ca piṅgalām |
nirudhya pūrayed vāyum iḍayā ca śanaiḥ sudhīḥ ||
68cd śarīralaghutā dīptir jaṭharāgnivivardhanam ||
69 kṛśatvaṃ ca śarīrasya tadā jāyeta niścitam |
tadā varjyāni vakṣyāmi yogavighnakarāṇi tu ||
70 lavaṇaṃ sarṣapaś cāmlam uṣṇaṃ rūkṣaṃ ca tīkṣṇakam |
atīva bhojanaṃ tyājyaṃ strīsaṃgaṃ gamanaṃ bahu ||
71ab agnisevā tu saṃtyajyā dhūrtagoṣṭhīś ca saṃtyajet |
83cd kandarpasya yathā rūpaṃ tathā tasyāpi yoginaḥ |
84 tasmin kāle mahāvighno yoginaḥ syāt pramādataḥ |
tadrūpavaśagā nāryaḥ kāṃkṣante tasya saṃgamam ||
85 yadi saṅgaṃ karoty evaṃ bindus tasya vinaśyati |
āyuḥkṣayo bindunāśād asāmarthyaṃ ca jāyate ||
86 tasmāt strīṇāṃ saṅgavarjaṃ kuryād abhyāsam ādarāt |
yogino'ṅge sugandhiḥ syāt satataṃ bindudhāraṇāt ||
87ab tasmāt sarvaprayatnena bindū rakṣyo hi yoginā |
94 indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyo yat pratyāharati sphuṭam |
yogī kumbhakam āsthāya pratyāhāraḥ sa ucyate ||
95 yad yat paśyati cakṣurbhyāṃ tat tad ātmeti bhāvayet |
yad yaj jighrati nāsābhyāṃ tat tad ātmeti bhāvayet ||
96 jihvayā yad rasayati tat tad ātmeti bhāvayet |
tvacā yad yat saṃspṛśati tat tad ātmeti bhāvayet ||
97 evaṃ jñānendriyāṇāṃ tu tat tat saṃkhyān tu sādhayet |
yāmamātraṃ pratidinaṃ yogī yatnād atandritaḥ ||
108 vāyuḥ paricito yatnād agninā saha kuṇḍalīm |
bodhayitvā suṣumnāyāṃ praviśed anirodhataḥ ||
109 vāyunā saha cittaṃ ca praviśec ca mahāpatham |
mahāpathaṃ śmaśānaṃ ca suṣumnāpy ekam eva hi ||
110 nāmnā matāntare bhedaḥ phalabhedo na vidyate |
vartamānaṃ bhaviṣyaṃ ca bhūtārthaṃ cāpi vetty asau ||
111 yasya cittaṃ sapavanaṃ suṣumnāṃ praviśed iha |
bhāvyān anarthān vijñāya yogī rahasi yatnataḥ ||
112 pañcadhā dhāraṇaṃ kuryāt tat tad bhūtabhayāpaham |
pṛthivīdhāraṇaṃ vakṣye pārthivebhyo bhayāvaham ||
121 tato dṛḍhaśarīraḥ syān mṛtyus tasya na vidyate |
ity evaṃ pañcabhūtānāṃ dhāraṇāṃ yaḥ samabhyaset ||
122ab brahmaṇaḥ pralaye vāpi mṛtyus tasya na vidyate |
125cd vāyuṃ nirudhya medhāvī jīvanmukto bhaved dhruvam ||
126 samādhiḥ samatāvasthā jīvātmaparamātmanoḥ |
yadi svadeham utsraṣṭum icchā ced utsṛjet svayam ||
127 parabrahmāni līyeta tyaktvā karma śubhāśubham |
atha no cet samutsraṣṭuṃ svaśarīraṃ yadi priyam ||
128 sarvalokeṣu vicared aṇimādiguṇānvitaḥ |
kadā cit svecchayā devo bhūtvā svarge'pi saṃcaret ||
129 manuṣyo vāpi yakṣo vā svecchayā hi kṣaṇād bhavet |
siṃho vyāghro gajo vā syād icchayā jantutāṃ vrajet ||
130ab yatheṣṭam evaṃ vartate yogī vidvān maheśvaraḥ ||
146cd nityam abhyāsayuktasya jaṭharāgnivivardhate |
147 āhāro bahulas tasya saṃpādyaḥ sāṃkṛte dhruvam |
alpāhāro yadi bhavet agnir dehaṃ dahet kṣaṇāt ||
150cd atha vajrolīlakṣaṇam
vajrolīṃ kathayiṣyāmi gopitāṃ sarvayogibhiḥ |
151 atīvaitad rahasyaṃ hi na deyaṃ yasya kasya cit |
svaprāṇais tu samo yaḥ syāt tasyaiva kathayed dhruvam ||
152 svecchayā vartamāno'pi yogokta niyamair vinā |
vajroliṃ yo vijānāti sa yogī siddhibhājanaḥ ||
153 tatra vastudvayaṃ vakṣye durlabhaṃ yena kena cit |
labhyate yadi tasyaiva yogasiddhiḥ kare sthitā ||
154 kṣīraṃ caikaṃ dvitīyaṃ tu nārī ca vaśavartinī |
na saṃbhaved yadi kṣīraṃ tattulyaṃ kathayāmi te ||
155 pibed āṅgīrasaṃ kiṃ cid yadi kṣīraṃ na labhyate |
sāṃkṛtir uvāca āṅgīrasākhyaṃ kiṃ vastu bhagavan kathayasva me ||
156 dattātreyaḥ strīṇām āṅgirasaṃ yonau iḍāpānāt tu jāyate |
tat pibet puruṣo'bhyāsī yadi kṣīraṃ na labhyate ||
157 tathāpi tat kṣīraguṇaṃ kiṃcinmātram api dhruvam |
nārīdhatuṃ punaḥ kośe pibed ādarato bhṛṣam ||
158 kṣīrābhāve tadrasaṃ tu kṣīratulyaṃ bhaved dhruvam |
abhyāsaṃ śṛṇu vajrolyā vakṣyāmy atirahasyakam ||
159 sukhāni labhate nārī siddhiṃ ca puruṣo yathā |
nārīṃ ramyām adhaḥ sthāpya rahasye tu digaṃbarāṃ ||
160 svayaṃ digambaro bhutvā uttānāyās tathopari |
śayānaḥ kuṃbhakaṃ kuryāt kiṃcin namraḥ svayaṃ bahiḥ |
161 anynoyaṃ dṛḍham āliṅgya yonau śiśnaṃ na cārpayet |
mithaś cādharapānaṃ ca kuryād galaravādikam ||
162 viluṭhec ca sukhenaiva yāvat prasvedasaṃbhavaḥ |
yadi skhaled bahir vīryaṃ tataḥ svedena mardayet ||
163 jīrṇavastreṇa saṃmārjya tad vastraṃ rakṣayed budhaḥ |
yadi bindur na skhalati niṣṭhuraṃ tu yabhet bahiḥ ||
164 yonau śiśṇaṃ tu nārpyeta yāvad bindur bahiḥ patet |
evaṃ tu tridinaṃ kuryād ekaikaṃ vāram eva ca ||
165 tatas tu śaranālena phūtkāraṃ vajrakandare |
śanaiḥ śanaiḥ prakurvīta vāyusaṃcārakāraṇāt ||
166 tad bhage patitaṃ bindum abhyāsenordhvam āharet |
calitaṃ ca tathā bindum ūrdhvam ākṛṣya rakṣayet ||
167 evaṃ ca rakṣito bindur mṛtyuṃ jayati tattvataḥ |
maraṇaṃ bindupātena jīvanaṃ bindudhāraṇāt ||
168 sindūrasadṛśaṃ yonau strīṇām asti navaṃ rajaḥ |
tatrāvrato'py ayaṃ gacchet tad ābhyāsena rakṣayet ||
169 vajrolīm abhyasen nārī rajo rakṣārtham eva ca |
yadi nārī rajo rakṣed vajrolyā sā hi yoginī ||
170 atītānāgataṃ vetti khecarī vā bhaved dhruvam |
dehasiddhiṃ ca labhate vajrolyabhyāsayogataḥ ||
171 abhyāsasya kramaṃ vakṣye nārīṇāṃ ca śanaiḥ śanaiḥ |
yabhayen niṣṭhuraṃ puṃsāṃ bahiḥ śiśnena kevalam |
172 rajaḥ pūrita vīryaṃ taṃ †śiśnavīryaṃ† samāharet |
liṅgaṃ karābhyām ākuñcya maṇimātraṃ praveśayet ||
173 yāvan maṇipraveśaḥ syāt tāvad abhyāsam ācaret |
tataḥ paraṃ samarthā syād ūrdhvam ākuñcayed rajaḥ ||
174 tasyās tadā rajo nāśaṃ na gacchati na saṃśayaḥ |
tasyāḥ śarīre nādas tu bindu tām eva gacchati ||
175 sa bindus tad rajaś caiva ekībhūya svadehagau |
vajrolyābhyāsayogena sarvasiddhiḥ prajāyate ||
176 ayaṃ yogaḥ puṇyavatāṃ dhanyānāṃ tattvaśalinām |
nirmitsarāṇāṃ sidhyeta na tu mātsaryaśālinām ||
177 lajjāṃ vihāya varttavyo yogābhyāsas tu īdṛśaḥ |
iṣṭaiś ca puruṣaiḥ sārdham athavā yogavedibhiḥ ||
178 yo vettīmaṃ yogaśāstrāṃ sandhīm tena sahācaret |
ajñātayogaśāstreṇa vajrolīṃ strī tu nābhyaset ||
179 sarveṣām api yogānām ayaṃ yogaḥ sukhaṃkaraḥ |
tasmād ayaṃ vakṣyamāṇo bhoge bhukte'pi muktidaḥ ||
180 tasmāt puṇyavatām eva ayaṃ yogaḥ prasidhyati |
amarīṃ yaḥ piben nityaṃ nasyaṃ kurvan dine dine ||
181 vajrolīm abhyasec ceyam amarolīti kathyate |
pūrvoktajīrṇavastraṃ tu prakṣipec ca mite jale ||
182 tajjale bhasma saṃkṣipya dagdhagomayasaṃbhavam |
vajrolīmaithunād ūrdhvaṃ strīpuṃsor aṅgalepanam ||
183 āsīnayoḥ sukhenaiva muktavyāparayoḥ kṣaṇam |
sahajolīr iyaṃ proktā śraddheyā yogabhiḥ sadā ||
184 etaiḥ sarvair tu kathitair abhyaset kālakālataḥ |
tato bhaved rājayogo nāntarā bhavati dhruvam ||
185 na diṅmātreṇa siddhiḥ syāt abhyāsenaiva jāyate |
rājayogapadaṃ prāpya sarvasattvavaśaṃkaram ||
186 sarvaṃ kuryān na vā kuryād yathā ruciviceṣṭitam |
yadā tu rājayogena niṣpannā yoginaḥ kriyā ||
193 yaḥ saṃsmṛtyā munīnām api duritaharo yogasiddhipradaś ca
kāruṇyād yaḥ pravaktā sukhahṛdayahṛto yogaśāstrasya nāthaḥ |
tasyāhaṃ bhaktiśunyo'py akhilajanaguror bhakticintāmaṇer hi
dattātreyasya viṣṇoḥ padanalinayugaṃ nityam eva prapadye ||
