The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa

by Dhrubajit Sarma | 2015 | 94,519 words

This page relates “Chandas (1): Vritta type of metre (aksharachandas)” as it appears in the case study regarding the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa. The Shrikanthacarita was composed by Mankhaka, sometimes during A.D. 1136-1142. The Mankhakosa or the Anekarthakosa is a kosa text of homonymous words, composed by the same author.

Part 4a - Chandas (1): Vṛtta type of metre (akṣarachandas)

1. Vasantatilaka

The metre, Vasantatilaka[1] contains fourteen syllables in each quarter and the gaṇas therein are ta, bha, ja, ja, ga and ga respectively. Illustrations of these metre are found to be greatest in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita viz. I. 50, 53; II. 28-40; III. 75; IV. 54, 55, 58, 61; V. 1-47; VII. 47-60; VIII. 53, 54; IX. 46-48, 52; X. 41, 42, 45, 52, 57;XI. 33-51[2] ; XIII. 42, 43, 46; XIV. 53-56, 59, 61, 65; XV.1-40; XVI. 7, 11, 17, 30-32, 49, 55; XVII. 58, 63; XVIII. 1-54; XIX. 46-48, 50; XX. 62; XXI. 44, 52; XXII. 48-52; XXIII. 37, 38, 41, 46; XXV. 43, 135-138, 149, 150.

2. Anuṣṭubh

This metre, otherwise known as Śloka[3] possesses eight syllables in each of the quarters. The fifth syllable in each quarter should be laghu, the sixth guru and the seventh alternately laghu and guru. In the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita, this metre has been employed in–IV. 1-45;IX. 1-44; XXV.1-36[4], 48-59, 62104, 106-119, 124, 127, 129-134.

3. Upajāti

The metre Upājati,[5] consists of eleven syllables in each foot and the gaṇas therein are ja, ta, ja, ga, ga, ta, ta, ja, ga, ga. This metre is found to be employed in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita in I. 1-9, 11-14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23-25, 27, 29, 31-39, 41-44; II. 1, 3-12[6], 15-26; IV. 53; VI. 1, 3-10,12-16, 18-26, 28-34, 37-43, 47-55; VIII. 51; XI. 63, 65-73; XII. 36, 38-40, 43-54, 88, 90-92, XX. 19, 11-41, 43-48, 50-52, 55; XXV. 128.

4. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

The metre, Śārdūlavikrīḍita[7] contains nineteen syllables in each foot and the gaṇas are ma, sa, ja, ta, ta and ga. Illustrations of this metre, in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are noticed in–I. 45, 47-49, 52, 54-56, II. 41-44, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53[8], 56-58; III. 70, 73, 77; IV. 50, 51, 56, 57, 59, 62; V. 48, 50, 52, 55; VI. 62, 65, 66, 68, 72; VII. 62, 65; VIII.55, 56; IX. 49, 56, X. 44, 46, 48, 49, 54-56, 59; XI. 74; XII. 94, 95;XIII. 44, 47-50, 52; XIV. 57, 58, 66; XV. 42, 44, 47, 48; XVI. 1-3, 5, 12-14, 19-21, 23-25, 33-37, 41, 43, 45, 47, 50-54, 56; XVII. 62, 64, 65; XVIII. 55, 56, 58; XIX. 49, 51, 52, 55, 56, 60, 63-65;XX. 58-61, 63, 64; XXI. 42, 46, 50, 51; XXII.53-55; XXIII. 42, 45, 50, 51; XXIV.42, 43; XXV. 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 61, 105, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 139-148, 151.

5. Vaṃśasthavila

The metre Vaṃśasthavila[9] contains twelve syllables in each foot and the gaṇas are ja, ta, ja and ra. Illustrations of this metre are observed in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are-II. 27; III. 1-69[10] ; IV. 46; XII. 25-35; XXI. 1-41.

6. Rathoddhatā

The metre Rathoddhatā[11], which consists of eleven syllables in each foot with the gaṇas ra, na, ra, la and ga, is found to be employed in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are as follows-X. 1-40; XXII. 1-46.[12]

7. Mandākrāntā

The metre Mandākrāntā [13] , containing seventeen syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are ma, bha, na, ta and ta. In the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita, this metre has been employed in-I. 46; II. 55; III. 71, 72; V. 51, 54; VI. 61;VII. 63; X. 43; XII. 96; XIII. 51; XIV. 60, 63;XV.45, 49; XVI. 4, 8, 9, 15, 28[14], 38, 40, 44, 46; XIX. 53, 54; XX. 56, 57; XXI. 43, 45, 48; XXIV. 1-39.

8. Puṣpitāgrā (Ardhasamavṛtta)

The metre, Puṣpitāgrā[15] contains the gaṇas na, na, ra and ya in the first and third quarter and na, ja, ja, ra in the second and fourth quarter. In the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita, this metre has been employed in-IV. 49; VII. 1-45[16];X. 47; XI. 13-24;XIV. 62; XIX. 45, 61; XXI. 47; XXII. 47.

9. Praharṣiṇī

The metre, Praharṣiṇī [17] containing thirteen syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are ma, na, ja and ra. This metre has been employed in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are as follows-VI. 59; IX. 53; XVII. 1- 57.[18]

10. Mañjubhāṣiṇī

The metre, Mañjubhāṣiṇī [19] containing thirteen syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are sa, ja, sa and ja. This metre has been employed in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are as follows-III. 76[20], 78; IV. 60;VI. 71; IX. 54; XIV. 1-52.

11. Sragdharā

The metre, Sragdharā[21] comprises twenty one syllables in every quarter and the gaṇas therein are ma, ra, bha, na, ya, ya and ya. The verses found composed in this metre in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are-I. 51[22] ;IV. 52, 64; V. 56, 57;VI. 73; VII. 66; X. 50, 60; XI. 75; XII. 56-73, 97; XIV. 67, 68; XV. 46, 50; XVI. 58, 59; XVII. 66, 67; XVIII. 57, 59, 61; XIX. 58, 59, 66; XX. 65; XXI. 53; XXII. 56-58; XXIII. 48, 52, 53, 55, 56; XXIV. 40, 44.

12. Udgatā (Viṣamavṛtta)

The metre, Udgatā[23] contains the gaṇas sa, ja, sa in the first quarter and na, sa, ja in the second; bha, na, bha in the third and sa, ja, sa, ja in the fourth. The verses found composed in this metre are-IX. 1-45.[24]

13. Pramitākṣarā

The metre, Pramitākṣarā[25] contains twelve syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are sa, ja, sa and sa. This metre has been employed in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita, in the verses as follows-XIII. 1-41.[26]

14. Aparavaktra (Ardhasamavṛtta)

The metre, Aparavaktra[27] contains the gaṇas na, na and ra in the first and third quarter and na, ja, ja, ra in the second and fourth quarter. In the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita, this metre has been employed in-XXIII. 1-36.[28]

15. Svāgatā

The metre, Svāgatā[29] contains eleven syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are ra, na, bha. The verses found composed in this metre, in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are-XI. 1-12, 52-62; XII. 1-12; XXIII. 43.[30]

16. Indravajrā

The metre, Indravajrā[31] contains eleven syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are ta, ta and ja.The verses found composed in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita, in this metre are -I. 10, 15, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 40; II. 2, 13[32], 14; VI. 11, 17, 27, 36, 44, 56, 57; VIII. 52, XI. 64; XII. 37, 41, 42, 55, 87, 89, 93; XX. 10, 42, 49, 53, 54.

17. Mālinī

The metre, Mālinī[33] contains fifteen syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are na, na, ma, ya and ya. The verses found composed in this metre, in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are III. 74[36] ;IV. 48; V. 49; VI. 58, 60, 69, 74; VII. 46, 61; X. 61; XIII. 45; XIV. 64; XVI. 18, 22; XVII. 59, 60; XIX. 62; XXIII. 39, 40, 44, 47.

18. Śikhariṇī

The metre, Śikhariṇī[34] contains seventeen syllables in each and every quarter and it consists of the gaṇas ya, ma, na, sa, and bha respectively. This metre has been employed in the following verses of the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita -II. 45, 51, 54; IV. 63; V. 53; IX. 50, X. 58[35]; XVI. 24, 39, 42, 48, 57;XVII. 61; XXIII. 49, 54; XXV. 60, 122, 152.

19. Hariṇī

The metre, Hariṇī [37] contains seventeen syllables in each and every quarter and it possesses the gaṇas viz. na, sa, ma, ra, and sa. Illustrations of this metre are found in the Śrīkaṇṭhacarita are-II. 48, 50; VII. 64;IX. 51; X. 51[38], 53; XV. 41, 43; XVI. 6, 10, 16, 29;XXIV. 41.

20. Viyoginī[39] (Ardhasamavṛtta)

Illustrations -IV. 47[40] ;XII. 13-24.

21. Pṛthvī

This metre, Pṛthvī[41] with seventeen syllables in each quarter and the gaṇas therein are in the order of ja, sa, ja, sa and ya. As for example-Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 67[42] ; XI. 55; XVI. 27; XVIII. 60; XIX. 57;XXI. 49.

22. Upendravajrā

If the first syllable of each of the quarters in a verse of the metre Indravajrā is short, then the metre is styled as the Upendravajrā.[43] It contains eleven syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are ja, ta and ja. Some examples are Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., -VI. 2[44], 35, 46.

23. Madhyakṣamā

The metre Madhyakṣamā[45] occurs when the first four syllables are long and after the tenth syllable, four syllables are again long. As for example -Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 63.[46]

24. Meghavisphūrjitā

The metre, Meghavisphūrjitā[47] contains nineteen syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are ya, ma, na, sa, ra and ra. As for example-Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 64.[48]

25. Nardaṭaka

The metre, Nardaṭaka[49] contains seventeen syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are na, ja, bha, ja and ja. As for example—Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 70.[50]

26. Rucirā

The metre, Rucirā[51] contains thirteen syllables in each and every quarter and the gaṇas are ja, bha, sa and ja. As for example-Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XVI. 26.[52]

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

jñeyaṃ vasantatilakaṃ tabhajā jagau gaḥ/
Chandomañjarī., page 73

[2]:

ete karā himakarasya calācalākṣi lākṣājuṣoścaraṇayostava saṃstavena/
janmānavāptacaraphullasahasrapatra-sauhārdasaukhyagaṭanāṃ ciramāpnuvantu//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XI. 50

[3]:

śloke saṣṭhaṃ guru jñeyaṃ sarvatra laghu pañcamaṃ/
dvicatuṣpādayorhrasvaṃ saptamaṃ dīrghamanyayoḥ//
Śrutabodha, page 5

[4]:

svayaṃ maulīndupīyūṣapūraiḥ sikteva śaṃbhunā/
sarasatvaṃ dārḍhyaṃ ca vāktasyāvyagramagrahīt//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XXV. 3

[5]:

anantarodīritalakṣmabhājau pādau jadīyābupajātayastaḥ/
ithyaṃ kilānyasvapi miśritāsu vadanti jātisvidameva nāma//
Chandomañjarī., page 38

[6]:

avadyajambālagaveṣaṇāya kṛtodyamānāṃ khalasairibhāṇāṃ/
kavīndravāṅnirjaranirjhariṇyāṃ saṅjāyate vyarthamanorathatvaṃ//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., II. 10

[7]:

sūryāsvairyadi maḥ sajau satatagāḥ śārdūlavikrīḍitaṃ/
Chandomañjarī., page 115

[8]:

meṇṭhe svardviradādhirohiṇi vaśaṃ yāte subandhau vidheḥ śānte hanta ca bhāravau vighaṭite bāṇe viṣādaspṛśaḥ/
vāgdevyā viramantu mantuvidhurā drāgdṛṣṭayaśceṣṭate śiṣṭaḥ kaścana sa prasādayati tāṃ yadvāṇisadvāṇinī//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., II. 53

[9]:

vadanti vaṃśasthavilaṃ jatau jarau/
Chandomañjarī., page 49

[10]:

kaṭākṣite śāradayā dayāmṛtadravārdradṛṣṭyā śrutiśaṣkulīpadaṃ/
na śāstrabhogānaśanavratakriyāsahiṣṇu bālā api yatra bibhrati// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., III. 19

[11]:

rātparairnaralagai rathoddhatā / Chandomañjarī., page 43

[12]:

nartayannari kareṇa kaścana vraścanāya paripanthināṃ babhau/
ātmano yamapathapravṛttaye sajjayannavarathakriyāmiva // Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XXII. 10

[13]:

mandākrāntā’mbudhirasanagairmo bhanau tau gayugmaṃ/
Chandomañjarī., page 98

[14]:

trasyedyasyekṣaṇadaśaśatī vajraniṣpiṣyamāṇa-śliṣyadgarvāsuravaraśikhāratnareṇucchaṭābhyaḥ/
yuddhe siddhānavadhivijayonmeṣa eṣo’nimeṣa-praṣṭhastiṣṭhatyavanataśirāḥ so’lamugra tvadagre//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XVI. 28

[15]:

ayuji nayagarephato yakāro yuji ca najau jaragāśca puṣpitāgrā/ Chandomañjarī., page 145

[16]:

surabhimanugṛhāṇa devi nṛtyanmadhukaraketakabandhubhiḥ kaṭākṣaiḥ/
bhavatu śabalamantikaṃ vanānāṃ viharadanaṅgavilāsakṛṣṇasāraiḥ// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VII. 10

[17]:

tryāśābhirmana jaragāh praharṣiṇīyaṃ/
Chandomañjarī., page 63

[18]:

viśveṣāṃ puri puri yatsadaiva śeṣe vidvadbhiḥ puruṣa iti pratīyase tat/
kiṃ dhāmatritayamayānapāyadṛṣṭestasmātte jagati parokṣamasti vastu//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XVII. 18

[19]:

sajasā jagau ca yadi mañjubhāṣiṇī/
Chandomañjarī., page 67

[20]:

iti sūktimauktikamayīṃ sutasya sa prakaṭayya karṇabhuvi śekharasrajaṃ/
gaganādhvalaṅghanaśramaspṛśā śaśinā sahaiva caturaṃ tirodadhe// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., III. 76

[21]:

mrabhnairyānā trayeṇa trimuniyatiyutā sragdharā kīrtiteyaṃ/
Chandomañjarī., page 123

[22]:

truṭyatsāṭopajūṭatridaśataṭavatīvāripūrābhirāmaṃ kāmāreścāruvakṣaḥsthalamiha mahate vibhramāyāstu tadvaḥ/
yatra svacchandalīlāviharaṇahariṇī sarvadaivādrikanyā vinyasyāṅgāni saṅgādatanu vitanute kāni na krīḍitāni// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., I. 51

[23]:

prathame sajau yadi salau ca nasajagurukāṇyanantaraṃ/
yadyatha bhanajalagāḥ syuratho sajasā jagau ca bhavatīyamudgatā// Chandomañjarī., page 151

[24]:

bhagavānatha svayamupetya samamacalarājakanyayā/
tasya bahalajalakelirasātkamalākarasya pulinaṃ vyamaṇḍayat// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., IX. 45

[25]:

pramitakṣarā sajasasaiḥ kathitā/
Chandomañjarī., page 54

[26]:

laṭabhājanasya paṭuhāralatāviniveśanādhigatakāntidhanaṃ/
pratibimbito’dhitaralaṃ ramaṇo dviguṇaṃ vyamaṇḍayadaśeṣamuraḥ//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XIII. 41

[27]:

ayuji nanaralā guruḥ same tadaparavaktramidaṃ najau jarau/
Chandomañjarī., page 145

[28]:

samaghaṭata patākinīyugaṃ tadatha mithaḥ prathamānayatsaraiḥ/
dyusadasurabhaṭairmadotkaṭaiḥ prakaṭitadurdharasaṃgarakriyaṃ//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XXIII. 1

[29]:

svāgatā ranabhagairguruṇā ca/
Chandomañjarī., page 44

[30]:

aṅgamaṅgamanimagnanirūḍhaprāsadanturitavṛtti dadhānaḥ/
ko’pi nartanaratiṃ raṇaharṣe doḥśatairiva babandha kabandhaḥ//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XXIII. 43

[31]:

syādindravajrā yadi tau jagau gaḥ/
Chandomañjarī., page 36

[32]:

sadvṛttaviśrāntimatī na jātu kṛcchre’pi pātraṃ paruṣākṣarāṇāṃ/
satpuṇyabhājaḥ satatānuvṛttā kasyāpyaho sadgṛhiṇīva vāṇī//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., II. 13

[33]:

nanamayayayuteyaṃ mālinī bhogilokaiḥ/
Chandomañjarī., page 80

[34]:

rasai rudraiścchinnā yamanasabhalā gaḥ śikhariṇī/ Chandomaňjarī., page 95

[35]:

karaiḥ śāmyatsūryopaladahanabhasmavyatikarā-divāpāṇḍucchāyairhṛdayamukuraṃ bhaṅguradṛśāṃ/
samutsṛjyāśeṣaṃ malamatulamānagrahamayaṃ mṛgāṅkastatkālapratiphalitakaṅdarpamakarot//
      Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., X. 58

[36]:

sutamatha sa tadānīṃ kalpitapratyabhijñaṃ laharibhiranugṛhṇandūrato’bhīkṣṇamakṣṇāṃ/
amucadamṛtamitthaṃ karṇagaṇḍūṣalehyaṃ snapanamiva vivṛṇvañjyotsnayā dantapaṅkteḥ//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., III. 74

[37]:

nasamarasalā gaḥ ṣadvedairhayairhariṇī matā/
Chandomañjarī., page 99

[38]:

hṛdayanivasatkaṅdarpeṣuprasūnajasaurabha-praṇayimadhutkṛtpaṅktyā chāyāchalādanudhāvitāḥ ghanahimakarāloke vipāṇḍuramaṇḍanā-ścaturacaturaṃ kāntopāntaṃ yayurvarayoṣitaḥ// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., X. 51

[39]:

viṣame masajāḥ same guruḥ /
sabharā lo’atha gururviyoginī // Vṛttaratnākara, page 102

[40]:

śikharādhvani yasya ṣatpadayuticaurā navakekibandhavaḥ/
jvaladoṣadhidīptisaṃpadāṃ dadhate saṃbhṛtakajjalaśriyaṃ//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., IV. 47

[41]:

jasau jasayalā vasugrahayatiśca pṛthvī guruḥ/
Chandomañjarī., page 96

[42]:

cirādasamapatriṇo bhujamakāṇḍakaṇḍūlatāṃ nayanmalayavirudhāṃ parimalasya vaitālikaḥ/
nideśakṛdanehasaḥ kanakaketakīlakṣmaṇaḥ sa dakṣiṇasamīraṇo muniśamāpamṛtyurvavau//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 67

[43]:

upendravajrā prathame laghau sā/
Chandomañjarī., page 37

[44]:

kramādavācīṃ malayādribandhumudīkṣamāṇāṃ pavanaṃ yuvānaṃ/
upoḍhatāpaṃ prathayañśarīraṃ priyo’mbujinyāḥ śithilīcakāraḥ//
Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 2

[45]:

catvāraścet prathamamalaghavo yatra syuḥ kānte bhūyastadanu daśamataścatvāraḥ/
vedairdigbhiryyatirapi yadi sanjātā tām madhyaksāme nanu niśamaya madhyakṣāmāṃ//
Vṛttamañjarī., III. 9, page 100

[46]:

pṛṣṭhabhramatsajavaṣaṭpadacakracihnaṃ yatprocchvasatkusumamāvirabhūllatānāṃ/
mānasya pakṣmaladṛśāṃ sahasaiva peṣṭuṃ tatspasṭamānmathagharaṭṭavilāsamāsīt// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 63

[47]:

rasartvaśvaiymaunsau raraguruyutau meghavisphūrjitā syāt Chandomañjarī., page 112

[48]:

paṅktiḥ puṣpalihāmaśeṣavanitāmānāvasānakriyā-garvonnaddhavasantabaddhavitataśmaśruśriyaṃ bibhratī/
ālānāpasaratsmarebhavidhutāyaḥ śṛṅkhalollekhabhū-rvisrabdhaṃ kathamapyaho virahibhirna prekṣituṃ cakṣame// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 64

[49]:

yadi bhavato najau bhajajalā guru nardaṭakaṃ/
Chandomañjarī., page 100

[50]:

madanagaṇanāsthāne lekhyaprapañcamudañcaya-nvicakilabṛhatpatranyastadvirephamaṣīlavaiḥ/
kuṭilalipibhiḥ kaṃ kāyasthaṃ na nāma visūtraya-nvyadhita virahiprāṇeṣvāyavyāvadhikaṃ madhuḥ// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., VI. 70

[51]:

jabhau sajau giti rucirā caturgrahaiḥ/
Chandomañjarī., page 64

[52]:

itastatastaruṇasarojasaurabhaspṛhābhramadbhramarabharaḥ samīraṇaḥ/
vahatyasau dadhadiva dhūmadhūmratāṃ prabodhanādravimaṇijātavedasaḥ// Śrīkaṇṭhacarita., XVI. 26

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