Part 4 - Preface to the present Study

Aims and objectives of the Present Thesis

The present thesis is aimed at highlighting the efficient cause of the verbal comprehension according to the philosophical systems of the Nyāya, Prābhākara Mīmāṃsā, Bhāṭṭa Mīmāṃsā, the Viśiṣṭādvaita and also that of the grammarians. Moreover, the theory of abhihitānvaya of the Bhāṭṭamīmāṃsakas is presented as the siddhānta view of the author of the Tattvabindu wherein the sphoṭavāda of the grammarians is refuted.

Scope of the Present Thesis

The scope of the present thesis contains the importance of the theories of the verbal knowledge viz. the abhihitānvaya and anvitābhidhāna regarding the knowledge of the meaning of a sentence and this leads to the knowledge of linguistics.

Methodology of the Present Thesis

While dealing with the present study, analytical and comparative method have been adopted in the thesis. The materials have been collected from both the primary and secondary sources. Then the collected materials are systematically analysed. From the primary sources, the theories relating to the cause of verbal comprehension are collected and then explained with the help of the commentaries like the Śābarabhāṣya and other Vārttika works.

Review of Literature

The Literature review plays an important role in a research work. It helps us to reduce the repetition of the works. There are several works i.e. original and modern, which helped me throughout my study to make this thesis in the present form, given below–

Tattvabindu of Vācaspati Miśra, ed. by S. Subrahmanya Shastri, Sadhu Bela Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya, Varanasi, 1975. This is the main original work on which my research study has been made. For the Introductory Chapter of my study, Arthasaṃgraha of Laugākṣi Bhāskara with the Sanskrit Commentary Mīmāṃsā-Arthasaṃgrahakaumudī by Paramahansa Ramesvara Sivayogi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series (CSS), Varanasi, 1979; Bhāmatī of Vācaspati Miśra, a commentary on the Brahmasūtrabhāṣya ed. by Dhundhiraj Shastri, Chowkhamba Skt. Series Office, Banaras, 1929; Brahmasūtra of Bādarāyaṇa with Śāṃkara Bhāṣya ed. by Anananta-krishna Sastri with the Commentaries namely Bhāmatī, Kalpataru and Parimala, Nirnay Sagar Press(NSP), Bombay, 1958; Bṛhatī of Prabhākara Miśra with the Ṛjuvimalā Commentary of Śālikanātha, ed. by Chinniswami Shastri, CSS-391, Banaras, 1929; Mīmāṃsāsūtra of Jaimini with Śābarabhāṣya of Śabara, ed. by Jivananda Vidyasagar Bhattacharya, Sarasudhanidhi Press, Calcutta, 1936; Nayaviveka of Bhavanātha with Dīpikā of Varadarāja ed. by S. Subrahmanya Sastri, Rastriya Sanskrit Samsthan, Delhi, 1977; Nyāya Sūtra of Gautam with the bhāṣya by Vātsyāyana, Published at Anand Asrama Mudranalaya, 1922; Nyāyavārttikatātparyaṭīkā of Vācaspati Miśra, ed. by Pt. R. Shastri Dravid, CSS, Banaras, 1985; Padamañjarī of Haradutta, ed. by Svami Dvarika Das Shastri and Pt. Kalika Prasad Shukla, Tara, Publications, Varanasi, 1965; Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha of Mādhavācārya ed. by Vasudev Sastri Abhyankar, Pb. by Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1951; Sāṃkhyakārikā of Īśvarakṛṣṇa with Sāṃkhyatattvakaumudī of Vācaspati Miśra ed. by Pt. S. Sastri, NSP, Bombay, 1940; Śāstradīpikā of Pārthasārathi Miśra, ed. with English Translation by Venkatramiah, Goekwad Oriental Series (GOS), Baroda, 1940; Tantravārttika of Kumārila Bhaṭṭa ed. by V.G. Apte, ASS, Poona, 1929; Tarkasaṃgraha of Annambhaṭṭa ed. with the Dīpikā and Ramarudriya by Satkari Sarma Vangiya, CCS, Varanasi, 1969; Vākyārthamātṛka of Śālikanātha, ed. with Dīpikā Hindi commentary by Brahmamitra Awasthi, IP,1979; Among modern works Epistemology of the Bhāṭṭa School of Pūrvamīmāṃsā by G. P. Bhatt, CSS, Benaras, 1962; A History of Indian Philosophy (Vol. I) by S.N. Dasgupta, Calcutta, 1922; Outlines of Indian Philosophy by M. Hiriyanna, MLBD, Delhi, 2014; Pūrvamīmāṃsā in its Sources by Ganganath Jha, Banaras Hindu University, 1943; Verbal Knowledge in Prābhākara Mīmāṃsā by R.N. Sarma, Satguru Publications, New Delhi, 1990; The Epistemology of the Prābhākara School of Pūrvamīmāṃsā by R.N. Sarma, Bhaskar Printers, Jatia, Guwahati, Assam, 2005; Warder, A.K., Outlines of Indian Philosophy by A.K. Warder, MLBD, Benaras, 1971 etc. are also used in the first chapter.

Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, Kashi Sanskrit Series, 37, Chowkhamba Book Depot, Banaras, 1952; Laghu Man ~ jūṣā ed.by Upadhyaya, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, 1963; Laghuśabdenduśekhara by Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa, KSS 5, Benares, 1927; Mānameyodaya of Nārāyaṇa ed. with Hindi commentary by Swami Yogindrananda, Saddarsanaprakasan Pratisthan, Varanasi, 1978; Mīmāṃsā-naya-mañjarī of Pt. Paṭṭābhirāma Śāstrī, S.S. University, Varanasi, 1984; Mīmāṃsā-Nyāya-Prakāśa of Āpadeva ed. by Mahadeva Sarma, NSP, Bombay, 1943; Nyāyamañjarī of Jayanta Bhaṭṭa ed. by Pt. Surya Narayana Shukla, CSS, Office Banaras, 1936; Paramalaghuman ~ jūṣā of Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa, ed. by Pt. Kalika Prasad Shukla, Baroda, 1963; Prakaraṇapañcikā of Śālikanātha Miśra, ed. by Mukunda Sastri, CSS, Banaras, 1903; Ślokavārttika of Kumārila Bhaṭṭa with Sucarita Miśra’s Kāsikā, Trivandram Sanskrit Series (TSS), Trivandram, 1943; Sphoṭa Candrikā of Kṛṣṇa Bhaṭṭa ed. by Pt. Gopal Śāstri Nene, CSS, Baranas, 1929; Sphoṭasiddhi of Maṇḍana Miśra ed. by S.K. Ramanatha Śāstri, Madras University Sanskrit Series,No.6, 1931; Sphoṭa Tattva Nirūpaṇa of Śeṣakṛṣṇa, The Gujrati Printing Press, Bombay, 1913; Sphoṭavāda of Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa, Adyar Library Series-55, Madras, 1956; Tattvabindu of Vācaspati Miśra, ed. by V.A. Rāmaswāmi Śāstri, Annamalai University, Annamalai,1935; Vākyārthamātṛka of Śālikanātha, ed. with Dīpikā Hindi commentary by Brahmamitra Awasthi, IP,1979; Vaiyākaraṇa Bhūṣana Sāra of Kauṇḍa Bhaṭṭa ed. by Nand Kishor Sastri, Bhargava Pustakalaya, Banaras City, 1934; Vaiyākaraṇa Siddhānta Laghu Mañjūṣā of Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa with the commentary Ratna Prabhā and notes by Pt. Sabhapati Sharma Upadhyaya, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, 1963; Vākyapadīya of Bhartṛhari with commentary Ambākartrī of Pt. Raghunatha Sharma Part-I Sarasvati Bhavan Granthamala, Series. 91, Varanasi, 1968; A Study in the Dialectics of Sphoṭa by G.N. Bhattacharya Journal of the Department of Letters, Univ. of Calcutta, 1937; Sphoṭasiddhi of Maṇḍana Miśra by M. Biardeau, French Translation, Pondicherry, 1958; Vyākaraṇa Siddhānta Parama Laghumañjuṣā of Nāgeśa, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, 3^rd edn., 2001 etc.–these works have helped in preparing the second, third and fourth chapters entitled Sphoṭavāda and its refutation by Vācaspati Miśra, Refutation of the second view (varṇavāda) on verbal knowledge and Rejection of the third view (varṇamālāvāda) on verbal knowledge respectively.

Beyond this Vākyapadīya of Bhartṛhari, Brahmakāṇḍa, with commentary of Pt. Vamadeva Acharya, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2000; Vedāntaparibhāṣā of Dharmarājādhvārīndra ed. with Bengali Translation by S. Ghosal, Vani Prakashan, Calcutta, 1938; Abhidhāvṛttimātṛkā by Mukula Bhaṭṭa, Nirnayasagar Press (NSP), Bombay, 1916; Bhāṣāpariccheda of Viśvanātha Nyāyapañcānana ed. by Pancanana Sastri, Sanskrit Book Depot (SBD), Calcutta, 1958; Mānameyodaya of Nārāyaṇa ed. with Hindi commentary by Swami Yogindrananda, Saddarsanaprakasan Pratisthan, Varanasi, 1978; The Philosophy of word and Meaning by Gaurinath Sastri, Calcutta Sanskrit College, Research Series 5, 1959; Studies in Indological Wisdom by R.N. Sarma, Pratibha Prakashan, Delhi, 2014; Indian Theories of Meaning by K.K. Raja, The Adyar Library, Madras, 1963; The Problem of Meaning in Indian Philosophy by R.C. Pandeya, MLBD, 1962; Krishna, Matilal Bimal, The Word and the World by Bimal Krishna Matilal, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1990; Indian Theories of the Nature of Meaning by T Burrow, TPS, 1936; Some Indian Theories of Language by J Brough, TPS, 1953 etc. -these books have also been used in preparing and analysing the fifth and sixth chapter respectively.

Besides the aforesaid books, there are many works which help me in doing this research work successfully. But all these works could not be included here due to limitation of space.