Studies in the Upapuranas
by R. C. Hazra | 1958 | 320,504 words
This book studies the Upapuranas: a vast category of (often Sanskrit) literature representing significant historical, religious, and cultural insights of the ancient Indian civilization. These Upa-Purana texts provide rich information, especially on Hinduism covering theology, mythology, rituals, and dynastic genealogies....
Volume 2, Index
Abhinavagupta, 345 Abhira (a caste), 438 INDEX Abhira (a tribe).-See under 'Tribes' below. Aboriginal deity, 21 Aboriginal tribes, 18-21 Aborigines, 20 Acara.-See under 'Sadacara' and 'Customs and usages.' Acara-bhusana (of Tryambaka Oka), 478 Acaradarsa (alias Krtyacara, of Sridatta Upadhyaya), 72, 234, 237, 478 Acara-mayukha (of Nilakanthabhatta), 190, 470, 472, 473, 478, 480, 481, 486, 507 Acara-nirnaya-bhaskara-samgraha (of Bhairava), 506, 507 Acarendu (of Tryambaka Mate), 259 Acarya-cudamani.-See under 'Srinatha Acarya-cudamani.' Actors, 46, 56, 61, 217 Adada (a Raksasi).-See under 'Dhaundha'. Adbhuta.-See under 'Omens and portents'. Agamic (or, Agamika, literature, method etc.), 310, 334, 362, 422, 444, 462 Agastya (a sage), 37, 39, 69, 70, 379, 405 See also under 'Sages'. Aghora (a form of Devi), 49. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Agneya.-See under 'Agni-purana". Agneya-purana (genuine), 81, 82 Agni, 24, 42, 46, 51, 54, 58, 66 (three kinds of), 205 (three kinds of), 212 (Vadava-), 317, 321, 322 (three sons of), 323, 332, 429, 500 Agni-purana (or, Agneya), 74, 81-83, 159, 160, 239, 247, 248, 338 Agnivetala, 223 Agriculture, 406, 443, 484 (science of), 499 Ahirbudhnya-samhita, 166, 178 Ahnika-tattva (of Raghunandana), 470, 473 Airavata (Indra's elephant), 422, 427 Aitareya-brahmana, 135 Akhetaka-upapurana, 501 Adbhuta-sagara (of Vallalasena), 72, 73, Akhyayika (a branch of Sanskrit litera- 479, 481, 487, 493, 500 Adhidevatas (of the four Vedas), 63 Adhivasa (or, Adhivasana, of Devi), 3, 5, 12, 15, 271, 278, 467, 472 Adi-purana (or, Adya-purana), 71, 79, 471, 483, 496 Aditi, 52, 211, 272, 296, 298, 419, 420 Aditya (or, Adityas, their names), 51, 373, 500, 501 Aditya-purana, 73, 346, 429 (called 'Adityakhya-puranaka'), 457 477, 483, 490-501 Adi-varaha-purana, 389 Adya-purana.-See under 'Adi-purana'above. Adya Sakti, 28, 29, 39 Aegean, 16 Africa, 25 Agama (Sakta, Saiva, Saura, Vaisnava and Ganapatya), 58, 59, 91, 92, 145, 157, 165, 175, 179, 186, 191, 224, 233, 247, 248, 258, 264, 282, 283, 310 (antiVedic), 326, 331, 334, 414, 420, 428- 430, 463 ture), 91 Alberuni, 231, 339, 479, 491-5, 511 Alberuni's India, 479, 491, 495, 511 Alladanatha, 234 Amara-kosa, 11 Amarasimha-tika, 10 Amba (a form of Devi) 48, 49. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Ambika, 5, 17, 21-24, 26, 27, 29, 44, 51, 52, 55, 365 Ambika-pati, 24 Amitabha, 151 Amitayus, 151 Amitayus Sutra, 151, 152 Amnesty (to prisoners), 47, 55 Amogha (wife of Santanu).-See under 'Females' below. Amusements and pastimes, 61 (of girls), 287-8, 381, 383-5 Anantabhatta, 11, 72, 181, 235, 244, 370, 393, 484, 486, 491, 510 Anatha-mandapa (poor-house). See
542 under 'Public works'. STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Andhras. See under 'Tribes'. Angas (supplements to the Vedas), 36, 63, 91 Anilada, 235, 236, 255 Animal sacrifice, 23, 43, 59, 61, 216, 219 (details of), 240, 271, 295, 319, 405, 468-9, 472 Aniruddha-bhatta, 32, 33 Annada-mangala (of Bharata-candra), 49, 88 Anumarana, 434, 496 Antariksa (a sage), 42. See also under 'Sages'. Antyaja, 59 Apabhramsa (a language), 106, 109, 117, 121, 143, 156, 166, 180-182, 187, 188 Aparajita (a creeper).-See under 'Creepers'. Aparajita (a deity), 44, 45, 47, 48, 52 Aparajita-puja (worship of the Aparajita creeper in Durgotsava), 12, 13 Aparajita-vidya.-See under 'Vidyas (mystic)'. Apararka, 70, 72, 73, 154, 157, 164, 181, 190-193, 233, 234, 236-8, 240, 243, 254-6, 370, 390, 391, 393, 479-481, 483, 484, 486, 491, 493, 495-7, 501 Apsarases (such as Adrika, Ghrtaci, Rambha, Tilottama, Urvasi and others), 210-213, 229, 287, 289, 296, 300, 347-352, 364 Apte (Vikrama Samvat), 91 Aral (a village in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal), 48, 403 Arcadia, 16, 23 Ardha-narisvara, 54, 57, 58, 213 Arjuna, 272, 298 Arogya-sala.-See below. under 'Hospital' 63 Arthasastra (an Upaveda), Articles (upacara, including fish, meat, wine, etc.) offered to deities, 4, 45, 47, 54, 59, 65, 66, 93, 190, 216, 219, 220 (details of), 312, 319, 425, 435, 473, 499 Arum Colocasia, 10, 11 Arundhati (wife of Vasistha), 202, 203 (story of her marriage), 257, 313. See also under 'Females' below. Arya-manjusri-mulakalpa (or, Manjusrimulakalpa), 97, 147, 151, 152, 184 Aryan, 16, 18, 21, 24, 25, 182, 183, 444 Aryasura, 146 Asanas (modes of sitting for Yogapractice). Their names (Padmaka, Svastika, Sthalika, Jalika, Pithardha, Candradanda and Sarvatobhadra), 42 Asanga, 184 Asia Minor, 16, 25 Asoka (the Maurya emperor), 188 Assam, 14, 33, 242, 252 (Lower), 358, 451 Astadhyayi (of Panini), 117, 152, 360 Astasahasrika-prajnaparamita, 147 Astrologer 56, 61, 429 Astrology and astronomy, 429 Asura, 27, 211, 407 Asvaghosa, 188. Asvins, 51, 304 Atharvan (in the word 'atharva-padadipani'), 41, 45 Atharva-veda, 18, 23, 62, 63 (divisions and schools of), 87, 146, 163, 359 Atri (a sage), 37, 196, 373, 385, 386, 390, 411, 413. See also under 'Sages'. Attic relief, 16 Audra(-desa), 83 Aufrecht (Theodor), 195, 284, 285, 366, 367, 369, 385, 391, 392, 459, 474, 475, 478, 503, 504 Ausanasa-upapurana (also called Usanaserita and Saukra Upapurana), 501-2 Austric, 32 Avadana-sataka, 147, 148 Avalokitesvara, 151 Ayana (a Gopa-cowherd), 272, 273 Ayurveda (an Upaveda), 63, 64 (praise of), 442, 484, 486. See also under 'Vidyas (branches of learning)' below. Babylon, 23 Bahula (a woman of note), Balakhilyas, 38 203 Balarama (or, Rama), 273, 290, 299, 394. See also under 'Halayudha' below. Balkans, 16 Baluchisthan, 16 Bana (an Asura), 209-211. See also under 'Demons'. Banabhatta, 30, 76 Bandyopadhyay (Charu Chandra), 438, 458 Banerjea (J. N.), 347
INDEX Banerjee (Anukul Chandra), 148 Banerji (R. D.), 234 Banner, 45 (having the figure of Devi), 209 (marked with the symbol of the thunderbolt). Banner (of Indra), 37, 42-43 (method of its worship), 76 (hoisting of). Barhaspatya-pranita Sastra, 359 Barhaspatya Upapurana, 502 Barrenness of women, 55 (removal of). Barua (Birinchi Kumar), 32 Barua (K. L.), 245, 246, 254 Basattariya Brahmins of Kamarupa, 252 Basu (Baradaprasad, Roy Bahadur), 284 Basu (Haricharan), 284 Basu (Hrishikesh), 438 Baths (special), 54, 55, 375-6 Bauddha (Tantrik or otherwise), 59, 75-6, 145, 152-4, 328, 332, 446, 447, 457. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects'. Beef, 32, 64 Bell (ghanta), 19, 21, 44, 52, 59 Benares, 2, 36, 80, 234, 244, 294, 306, 338, 358, 359, 456, 494, 500, 506 Bengal, 2, 4, 7-14, 19, 31, 33, 48, 49, 79, 80, 82-86, 90, 158, 159, 189, 232, 235, 239, 240, 242-4, 253, 261, 277-280, 282, 319, 343, 353, 356-8, 361, 397, 398, 439, 441, 446, 448-455, 457, 458, 460-462, 464, 467, 468, 471. See also 'East Bengal' and 'West Bengal' below. Bhagadatta (son of Naraka), 211 Bhagavad-gita, 360, 433, 456 Bhagavata (Daurga), 346 Bhagavata-purana (also called Bhagavata, Srimad-bhagavata and Sribhagavata) 26, 69, 79, 179, 194, 232, 240, 242, 260, 285, 336-341, 344-7, 357, 358, 412, 448, 465, 503, 508 Bhagavata-upapurana, 502-3 543 Bhairava (author of the Acara-nirnayabhaskara-samgraha), 506, 507 Bhairavas (a class of Tantriks), 330, 331, 334. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects' below. Bhakti, 309, 319, 321, 330, 363, 435 (nine kinds of), 436 Bhandarkar (D. R.), 493 Bhandarkar (R. G.), 260, 280, 347 Bharata (author of the Natya-sastra), 188 Bharata-bhasya (of Nanyadeva), 234, 254 Bharata-candra (a vernacular poet of Bengal), 49, 88, 280, 449 Bhargava (i.e., Sukracarya), 39, 41 Bhargava Rama.-See under 'Rama (Bhargava, Jamadagnya)'. Bhartrhari, 395 Bhasa, 188 Bhaskarahvaya Upapurana, 490, 491 Bhaskara-purana, 492 Bhaskaravarman (king of Kamarupa), 30, 31, 252, 253 Bhattacarya (Padmanatha), 246, 249, 253 Bhattacharya (Benoytosh), 151, 152, 165, 184 Bhattacharya (Bhavatosh), 158 Bhattacharya (Durgamohan), 8 Bhattashali (N. K.) 464 Bhauma, 49, 249, 252 Bhava, 22 Bhavadeva-bhatta, 454 Bhavadeviya-nirnayamrta, 480 Bhavas, 197 (forty-nine), 408 Bhavisya-purana (or, Bhavisya or Bhavisyatpurana), 2-6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19, 29, 158- 160, 194, 231, 238, 247, 265-6 (having five Parvans-Brahma, Vaisnava etc.), 368, 369 (having five or three Parvans), 370-372, 385, 386, 388-390, 395, 493, 501, 509 Bhagavata (Vaisnava), 378, 420, 463, Bhavisya-puranokta-durgapuja-paddhati, 14 464 Bhagavati, 6, 20, 237, 261, 285, 341, 365, 380, 383 Bhagavati-gita, 260, 267, 279, 281 Bhavispottara, 2, 29, 159, 247, 345, 366- 396, 493 Bhiksu, 432. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects' below. Bhagavati-purana, 1, 3, 4, 8, 15, 237, 258, Bhiksuni-karmavacana, 147 259, 337, 341, 346 Bhagiratha (a commentator), 67, 68 Bhairava (a deity), 213-5, 221, 223, 229- 230, 250, 251, 258, 384 Bhairava (a demon).-See 'Demons' below. Bhiksu-prakirnaka, 146 Bhisma, 247. See also 'Gangeya' below. Bhoja (or, Bhojadeva), 3, 4, 8 Bhojakas (a class of Sun-worshippers), under 161, 499. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects' below.
544 Bhottadesa, 49 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Bhratrbhanda (a female deity).-See under 'Bhuta-mata' below. Bhrgu, 37, 297, 304, 310 Bhrgus, 302 (slaughter of). Bhuta (ghost), 19, 20 Bhuta-mata (a female deity, also called Bhratrbhanda), 20, 383 (description of the festival and image of). Bhutamatrutsava (a festival), 20, 383. See also under 'Festivals'. Bhuta-vaidya, 56 Bhutesvara (a Saiva Kashmir), 480 holy place in Bija (Tantric, such as Kama-bija, Mayabija, Sarasvata-bija, Vag-bija, etc.), 55, 287, 288, 292, 294-6, 300, 307, 308, 320, 323, 324, 336, 348, 351 Bilva (fruit or tree), 3-5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 90, 190, 217, 271, 276 (praise of), 277, 402-3 (origin and praise of), 405, 424, 451, 467, 472 Birds (such as Baka, Kapota, Khanjana, Kukkuta, Mayura, Sankha-cilla, Suka, Syena, etc.), 19, 21, 57, 64, 425, 432, 452, 499 Blood (offered to a deity), 206, 219, 433 Boar (divine), 204-6, 232, 233, 311, 316, 385, 390. See also under 'Varaha'. Bodhana (of Devi), 3, 4, 14, 90, 190, 217, 231, 278, 405, 451, 472 Bodhisattvabhumi, 147 Bone-eating (custom of), 32, 33 Brahma, 24, 42 (Sabda-, Para-), 200, 261 (Parama), 267 (-vijnana), 276, 309, 320, 321, 329, 333, 412, 421 Brahma, 3, 19, 26, 27, 34, 36, 38-40, 42, 44, 50, 53 (to be worshipped according to the Vedic method), 54-56, 58, 64, 65, 69, 70, 75, 90, 91, 196-8, 201-6, 208-210, 220, 225, 226, 231, 250, 257, 262, 265-270, 273, 285, 291, 292, 300, 301, 304 (creation by), 314-5, 322, 324, 359, 364, 365, 372, 373 (nine, namely, Atri, Marici and others), 375, 378, 384, 389, 394, 395, 398, 409-416, 420, 424, 425, 427, 440, 450, 463, 473, 480, 485, 501 Brahma (i.e., Brahma-worshipper), 1 Brahmaism, 36 Brahmana-sarvasva (of Halayudha), 8 Brahmandakhya-purana, 457 Brahmanda-purana, 4, 73, 154, 164, 240, 339, 404, 456-7, 503, 504 Brahmanda-upapurana, 457, 503-4, 509 Brahmanism, 36, 462 Brahmapala (king of Kamarupa), 31, 245, 246, 251, 252 Brahma-purana, 3, 92, 164, 389 Brahma (Purana) 74, 82, 159, 160, 239 Brahma Samhita (of the Pancaratras).- See under 'Prajapatya Samhita" below. Brahma-yamala (-tantra), 254 Brahma-vaivarta-purana (or, Brahmavaivarta), 30, 312, 343, 355, 389, 438, 477, 502, 504, 506, 507 Brahmavarta, 213 Brhad-ausanasa-upapurana, 502, 504-5. Brhaddharma-purana, 2, 30, 49, 80, 233, 244, 245, 253, 261, 276, 280-282, 356-8, 366, 396-465, 467, 470, 490, 492, 493, 495, 501, 504, 509, 512 Brhan-nandikesvara-purana (also called Brhan-nandi-purana and Brhan-nandisvarapurana), 2, 3, 5, 6, 14, 19, 466-9, 470, 471, 474, 481 Brhan-nandikesvara-puranokta-durgapuja-paddhati (also called Brhan-nandikesvarapurananugrhita- Bhavisya- puranokta- durgapuja-paddhati), 14, 468, 469 Brhan-nandi-purana.-See under 'Brhannandikesvara-purana' above. Brhan-nandisvara-purana.-See 'Bhan-nandikesvara-purana" above. Brhannaradiya, 508, 509 Brhaspati, 38, 40, 42, 420, 427, 480 Brhaspati Rayamukuta, 478 Brhat-kali-purana, 196 under Brhat-samhita (of Varahamihira), 75-77, 80, 92 Buddha, 40, 75, 145, 155, 159, 188, 252, 324, 342, 384 (Siddhartha-), 394, 416, 457 Buddhism, 75, 143, 145, 147, 159, 342 (Tantric), 381, 441, 462 (Tantric), 466 Buddhist, 33, 75, 147, 148, 152, 154, 157-160, 162, 181, 184, 186-8, 332, 356, 438 (Sravaka), 447, 462 Buddhist (work, text), 94, 96, 97, 99-102, 104-5, 107-9, 114, 116, 121-2, 124, 144, 145, 148, 157 Budha, 288 (birth of), 377 Buffalo, 17, 29, 45, 47, 216, 219, 295, 299, 319, 376, 379, 383, 468
Buhler (Georg), 78 INDEX Burdwan (district of West Bengal), 48, 85, 455 Burnell (A. C.) 195, 284, 368 Burnouf (Eugene), 338, 347 Cadak-puja (also called Caitra-puja and Gajan), 319, 451 Caitanya (of Navadvipa), 369, 460 Caitra-puja. See under 'Cadak-puja' above. Cakrapani-datta, 11 Camel, 229 Camunda, 5, 10, 20, 26, 27, 29, 40, 384. See also under 'Devi.--Her different forms and names'. 545 Karmakaras, Rajakas, Rangakaras, Svarna-vaniks, Vaidyas, etc.), 361 (Daivajnas, Devalas, Dhavakas, Ganakas also called Graha-vipras, Rajakas and Vaidyas), 365, 412, 425, 428-445, 448-9, 460, 499 Caturvarga-cintamani (of Hemadri), 3, 4, 7, 11, 32, 69, 72, 78, 158, 181, 189-193, 234-240, 337, 369-372, 388, 389, 392, 393, 396, 467, 470, 475-7, 479, 481-4, 486-9, 493-8, 500, 501, 510, 513 Cautrisa (a method of composition of Bengali verse), 421-2, 455 Chakravarti (Chintaharan), 36, 189, 195, 368, 397 Chanda (Rama Prasad), 18 Chaya-Kali, 265 Candala (or, Svapaca), 32, 46, 260, 305, Chaya-Sati, 265, 266, 356 306, 438, 439, 496, 513 Candesvara Thakkura (or, Candesvara), 2, 3, 12, 69, 72, 79, 83, 84, 191, 194, 234, 243, 247, 248, 393, 478, 480, 491, 493 Candi, 341, 359, 420, 433, 456, 457, 463, 464. See also 'Saptasati-stotra' below. Candi (or, Candika), 2, 20, 26, 27, 29, 36, 379, 405, 420, 460, 464. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Candicarana Smrtibhusana, 467, 477, 481, 490, 508 Candika-khanda (of the Devi-purana), 189 Candika-mangala-kavya (of Lala Jayanarayana), 458 Candika-purana, 1 Candi-mangala-bodhini, 458 Candi-mangala-kavyas, 189, 357, 453 Candi-purana, 1, 259 Candradanda (a Yogasana).-See under 'Asanas' above. Candramati (alias Candrabuddhi and Candravati, wife of demon Ghora), 41 Cane, 319 Caraka, 385 Caraka-samhita, 64, 75 Car-festival (Ratha-yatra, of Devi, Surya and others), 45, 47, 53, 59, 375 Castes (pure, mixed and 'antyaja') and Asramas. Their names, duties, etc., 31, 32, 45, 46, 56, 59, 92, 209, 224, 237, 253, 271 (no distinction of), 286, 295, 316, 320 (Devalas, Ganakas, Gopas, Chaya-Sita, 317-8, 356 China, 342 Chinese (translation), 147, 148, 152 Cina, 342 Cina-marga-ratas, 331-2, 342. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects' below. Cinamsuka, 48 Cities (pura), 56 (their varieties, viz., Aindra, Brahma, Samkara, Sarvabhaumika and Vaisnava), 59 Cities. Their names, such as Ayodhya, Bhogavati (in Kamarupa), Candra- sobhapura (capital of demon Ghora), Kalagnirudrapura, Kalapura, Karavirapura, Udumbarapura, and so on, 39, 49, 51, 58, 213, 222 Citra (a king).-See under 'Citrasena' below. Citragopa (name of a place), 50 Citrangada (preceptor of king Nrpavahana), 38, 39, 68, 69 Citrasikhandin Rsis, 162, 163 Cloth, 220 (different kinds of). Clouds (named Avarta, Drona, Puskara and Samvarta), 200 Cock (kukkuta). See under 'Birds' above. Codrington (K. de B.), 347 Cola, 362, 368 Colebrooke (Henry Thomas), 338, 347 Commissariat (M. S.), 318 Consecration (of tanks, wells, orchards, gardens etc.).-Sec under 'Public works'.
546 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Construction of towns and forts.-See under 'Towns' and 'Forts (durga)' below. Coomaraswamy (A. K.), 347 Copland (John), 318 Copying of manuscripts (method of), 36, 59-60, 485 Cows (slaughter of), 57, 205, 305, 497. See also under 'Sacrifices' below. Creation, 37, 204 (adi-sarga, pratisarga), 281, 311 (by Manu), 314, 372, 412-3 Creepers (such as Aparajita, Svetaparajita, etc.), 6, 12, 13, 15 Cremation (of the deceased), 495 Crete, 16, 21 Crimes and punishment, 429, 430, 447-8 Cupid (Smara).-See under 'Kama' below. Customs and usages, 11-15, 18, 23, 32, 33, 36, 37, 80, 90, 159, 229, 258, 282 (Tantric), 325, 377, 451, 452, 467 Cyavana, 304 (story of his blindness). See also under 'Sages' below. Cyclades, 16 Cymbal, 21 Cyprus, 16 Dadhici (or, Dadhica, a sage), 263, 373, 334, 413-4 Daitya, 17, 297, 380, 419 Daiva (i.e., Devi-purana), 71 Daivajna, 361, 499 Daksa, 24, 196-204, 217, 262-5, 273, 304 (creation by and descendants of), 307-8, 310, 313, 334, 348, 357, 373, 381, 413-5, 449, 450, 453, 461 Daksayani, 29, 36, 44 Daksina (wife of Yajna and a part of Prakrti), 322 (story of). Daksinacara (or, Daksina, Tantriks), 49, 66, 73, 75, 190, 220, 338 Daksin-ray (or, Daksina-raya, a village god), 19 Dalai Lama (of Tibet), 33 Damalipta (Tamluk), 80 Damani (a form of Devi), 50. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Damayanti (wife of Narada), 303 Dana. See under 'Gifts and donations'. Dana-kaumudi (of Govindananda Kavikankanacarya), 72, 244, 476, 478, 482, 484, 486, 493, 496 Danasagara (of Vallalasena), 71, 73, 74, 82, 83, 157-160, 234, 236, 238, 239, 243, 339, 370, 394, 479-484, 486-8, 493, 497, 498, 505 Danava, 27, 378 Dana-vakyavali (of Candesvara Thakkura), 72, 192 Dance, 61, 217, 381-3, 408, 409, 415 (tandava), 435, 468, 500 Dancers, 46, 61, 62, 217 Danda-viveka (of Vardhamana Upadhyaya), 192, 193 Darpana (offered to Devi), 4 Dasa, 229, 288, 443 Dasa-bhumika-sutra, 146 Dasahara, 229, 274, 401, 422, 462 Dasa-kumara-carita (of Dandin), 18, 80, 90, 231 Dasaratha (king of Ayodhya), 206, 269, 278, 296 Dasyu, 18, 19 Dattatreya, 380, 416 De (Sushil Kumar), 247, 342, 344 Death (causes and results of), 275, 495-6 Dedication (of wells, parks, pools, bulls, etc.). See under 'Public works' below. Deities (description of ).-See under 'Images' below. Deities (worshipped in groups of two, three, etc.), 53, 57, 58, 262, 366, 367, 379, 405 Demons such as Amayasura, Andhaka, Aruna, Baka, Bala, Bali (living on the northern bank of the Narmada), Bana, Bhairava, Bhauma, Canda, Dhundhu, Dundubhi, Durgama, Durmukha, Ghora, Halahala, Hayagriva, Hiranyakasipu, Hiranyaksa, Hunda, Hutagni, Jambhasura, Jvara, Kaitabha, Kala, Kalaketu, Kamsa, Khatva, Madhu, Mahadharmasura, Mahisa (or, Mahisasura), Marka, Munda, Muru, Naraka (also called Bhauma), Nisumbha, Prahlada, Raktabija, Rambha, Ruru, Sambara, Sanda, Subala, Sulomasura, Sumbha, Susena, Taraka, Tuhunda, Vajradanda, Vibhisana, Vighnasura, Yamantaka and others, 17, 19, 26-31, 37-45, 47, 49, 50, 54, 58, 60, 64-66, 76, 152, 209, 211,
INDEX 212, 217, 222, 228, 232, 233, 244, 257, 268, 272, 286, 288, 291, 294, 297-300, 303, 305, 307, 308, 311, 317, 323-5, 347, 380, 416, 419, 420, 424, 445, 446, 505 Deogarh (in Jhansi district), 347, 350, 352 Deoghar (in Santal Parganas), 403 Devaki, 272, 296, 298. See also under 'Females' below. Devanabbatta, 154, 164, 370, 491, 511 Devi, 1, 2, 4-7, 12, 13, 14 (astadasabhuja, dasa-bhuja), 15-21, 26-29, 36- 194, 216-7, 240, 249, 252, 260, 261, 265-7, 267-272, 275-8, 285-330, 356- 8, 364, 366, 402-5, 445, 466, 473 Her attendants (such as Ajita, Aparajita, Jaya, Laksmi, Vani, Vijaya and others), 40, 44, 55, 47, 52, 202, 271, 272, 400 Her different forms and names, such as Aghora, Ajita, Amba, Ambika, Aparajita, Aparna, Arundhati, Bagala, Bahurupa, Bala, Bala, Bala-pramathini, Bhadra, Bhadrakali (or, Bhadrakalika), Bhairavi, Bhavani, Bhima, Bhogavati, Bhramari, Bhuvanesvari, Brahmacarini, Camunda, Canda, Candi, Candini, Candramandala, Carca (or, Carcika), Citi, Daksayani, Daksina, Damani, Dhumra, Dhutima (?), Dikkaravasini, Diti, Draksa, Durga, Ekanamsa, Ekapatala, Ganga, Gauri, Gayatri, Ghantakarna, Guhyakali, Himsa, Hingula, Isvari, Jambunadesvari, Jaya, Jayanti, Jayavati, Jyestha, Kaitabhesvari, Kalaratri, Kalavikarini, Kali, Kalika, Kamakhya, Kamesvari, Kamika, Kandavarini, Kanya (or, Kanyaka), Kapala, Kapali, Kapalini, Katyayani, Kausiki (or, Kausiki), Khandamunda, Kotesvari, Kotimunda, Ksemankari, Laksmi, Lalasa, Lalitakanta, Mahabhaga, Mahadevi, Mahagauri, Mahakali, Mahalaksmi, Mahalasa, Maharaja, Mahasarasvati, Mahasveta, Mahatunda (or, Maharunda), Mahesvari, Mahisaghni, Manasa (also called Visahari), Mangala, Mangala-candi, Manonmathani, Matangi, Maya, Mayurika, Minaksi, Nanda, Narayani, 547 Nilamba, Nilasarasvati, Parvati, Patala, Purnesvari, Radha, Rajani, Raktadantika, Rati, Raudri, Revati, Rudrani, Sakambhari (alias Sataksi), Sankuveni, Sarada, Sarasvati, Sarvamangala, Sarvatobhadra, Sasthi, Savitri, Simhavahini, Siva, Sricandrala, Sunanda, Sundari, Svadha, Svaha, Svarga-laksmi, Sveta, Tara, Tripura, Tripura-bhairavi, Tulasi, Ugracanda, Ugratara, Vama, Vedamata, Vetali, Vijaya, Vimala, Vindhyatavi, Vindhyavasini, Yamuna, Yasa, Yoga-nidra (Vaisnavi), Yogesvari, etc.; also Dhrti, Dipti, Kanti, Ksama, Pusti, Rddhi, Santi, Siddhi, Sri, Tusti, Unnati, Vrddhi, etc., 5, 10, 17, 20, 26-30, 33, 38, 44, 45, 47-52, 57, 59-62, 67, 70, 80, 189, 202, 208-210, 212, 214, 216-8, 220-3, 230-3, 251, 259, 262, 266, 268, 276, 300, 307, 309, 313, 315, 317, 321-5, 330, 333, 380, 417, 500 Her mount (generally a lion, but also a monkey, bull, swan, peacock, Garuda, buffalo, elephant, lotus or dead body under circumstances), 45 See also under 'Lion' and 'Simha' below. Her war with demons, 27,29, 44-55, 299-300 Her weapons (such as carman, sword, bow, naraca, sula, tusk, lute, bell, etc.), 44, 58 Devi-bhagavata, 1, 30, 79, 194, 243, 244, 284-361, 476, 489, 490, 492, 493, 495, 502-4 Devi-kesa-vimocana (or, Devi-kesa-vimoksana, untying of Devi's hair), 4, 5, 231 Devi-mahatmya, 46, 76, 299 Devi-murti, 270 (Vaidiki, Pauraniki, Tantriki), 271 (description of Pauraniki and Tantriki murti), 283 Devipuranokta-durgapuja-paddhati, 189. Devi-purana (or, Daiva), 1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 14, 17-20, 28, 29, 35-194, 231, 238, 243, 244, 249, 252, 257, 258, 337, 471, 474, 489, 503 Devi-puranaka, 79, 194, 242 Devi-rahasya, 1 Devi-sastras, 47, 48, 52, 91 Devi Sribhuvanesvari (of Manidvipa),
548 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS 209, 291-2 (description of), 307-311 (praise and worship of), 328, 329. Devi-worship (or, Devi-puja), 2-4, 17, 18, 35, 45-47 (occasions for and places of), 52, 53, 80, 90, 233, 259, 267, 300 (Tantric, Vedic), 302, 310-311 (Vedic, Tantric; outer, inner), 312, 356 (by Kama), 405-6, 412 (in spring and autumn), 505. See also under 'Durga-puja' and 'Worship of various deities' below. Devi-yajna, 293, 320, 329, 330. Devi-yamala (Tantra), 345 Dhanurveda (an Upaveda), 63 Dhara (name of a place), 8 Dharma (a deity), 269, 272, 304, 306, 348 Dharma (and its nature, constituents, description, praise, etc.), 41, 92, 153 (Vedic), 155 (Vedic, anti-Vedic), 156, 157, 159-162, 204 (nivartaka), 237 (Saura-), 252, 253, 283, 297 (Jaina), 319 (Vedic), 325 (Srauta, Smarta), 327 (Srauta, Smarta), 333-5, 338, 344, 359 (Srauta, Smarta), 372, 398-400, 410, 428 (its two ways- Agama and Nigama), 447, 464 (preservation of), 497 (in the Kali age) Dharmakaramati, 185 Dharmapala (an epithet of a sword which protects Dharma), 245, 247, 248. Dharmapala (king of Kamarupa), 31, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251-4 Dharma-purana, 31, 32, 250, 253, 397 Dharmaraja, 54 Dharmaraksa, 147 Dharmaranya, 49 Dharmasastras (of Daksa, Manu, Svayambhu, Yajnavalkya and others), 156, 229, 258, 341, 359, 384, 411, 464, 484 Dhaundha (alias Adada,-a female goblin), 382. Dbutima (? a form of Devi), 49. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Dhvaja (flag).-See under 'Banner', 'Banner (of Indra)' and 'Flag'. Digambara (Jain), 43, 76 Dig-gajas (quarter-elephants), (names of). 500 Dinara (a coin), 148 Dipa-kalika (of Sulapani), 237 Diptacakresvara (a sacred place).-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Diseases (such as dropsy, fever, phthisis, etc.), 22, 64 (causes of and medicines for), 203, 222, 302, 305, 326, 327, 499 Divyavadana, 147 Donations. See under 'Gifts and donations'. Draksa (a name of Devi), 500. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Dramatic (or, Theatrical) performance, 382, 383 Dravida visaya, 362. Dreams (auspicious and inauspicious), 43, 44, 54, 55, 75, 264, 266, 414, 500 Drekkana, 75 Drought, 28, 161 Drums (beat of), 21, 43, 435, 436 Drupada (a woman of note), 203 Durga. See under 'Forts (durga)' below. Durga, 1-3, 5, 6, 10, 17-18, 20, 22-24, 26-30, 39, 42, 44, 47, 48, 51 (nine), 52, 79, 81 (having sixteen or eighteen hands), 194 (Bhagavati), 217, 261, 262, 266-7, 270-271, 294, 320, 324, 332, 363, 375, 384, 400, 412, 420, 424, 425, 434, 463, 464, 494 Durga-bhakti-tarangini (of Vidyapati Upadhyaya), 2-12, 15, 70, 72, 73, 84, 189, 190, 232, 235, 242, 244, 393, 478, 480, 484, 493, 494, 497 Durga-pradipa (of Mahesa Thakkura), 345 Durga-puja, 11, 13, 14, 80, 81, 83-85, 159, 160, 235, 239, 269-272 (in autumn), 278 (in autumn), 313 (by Suratha and Rama), 324, 345, 358, 432, 435 (description of), 451 (autumnal), 467, 468 (method of), 471, 474, 494. See also under 'Devi-worship' and 'Worship of various deities'. Durga-puja-paddhati (of Vidyabhusana Bhattacarya), 84 Durga-puja-tattva (of Raghunandana), 2-8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 70, 72, 190, 195, 231, 236, 237, 239-241, 244, 258, 393, 467-470, 474, 482 Durgarca-kaumudi (mentioned Kasirama Vacaspati), 13 by
Durgarcana-kaumudi, 13 INDEX Durgarcana-tattva (mentioned by Kasirama Vacaspati), 13 Durgi, 17, 24 Durgotsava. See under 'Devi-worship', 'Durga-puja', 'Festivals' and 'Worship of various deities'. Durgotsava-paddhati (of Udayasimha Rupanarayana), 5, 7-10, 84 Durgotsava-viveka (of Srinatha Acaryacudamani), 2, 3, 5-8, 10-12, 15, 244, 258 Durgotsava-viveka (of Sulapani), 2-8, 10, 12, 17, 72, 74, 75, 190, 195, 231, 237, 241, 244, 258, 393, 467-9, 471, 472, 474, 482 Durjana-mukha-capetika Bhatta), 338, 358 (of Kasinatha Durjaya (a mountain in Kamarupa), 223, 250, 251. See also under 'Mountains' below. Durjaya (or, Sridurjaya, capital of king Brahmapala of Kamarupa), 246, 251 Durvasas (a sage), 321 (story of his curse to Indra). See also under 'Sages'. Dutta (Nalinaksha), 147 Dvaipayana, 42 Dvaita-nirnaya (of Vacaspati-misra), 234 Dvipa (continent, such as Jambu, Kusa, Kraunca, Puskara, Saka, etc.), 28, 39-42, 49, 201, 311-2, 373, 440 Earth (Prthivi, a goddess), 16, 21, 204-211, 233, 269, 274, 316, 377, 385, 390, 427 East Bengal, 33, 260, 356 East India (or, Eastern India), 4, 7, 11, 14, 15, 30, 79, 83, 85, 90 Eclipses, 51 (caused by Rahu, a shadow), 57, 192, 387, 506 Edgerton (F.), 94-97, 99-105, 107-9, 114, 121, 135, 146-8 Education (of girls), 61 Eggeling (Julius), 1, 31, 35, 68, 79, 87, 158, 195, 196, 260, 284, 285, 338, 367-9, 371, 397, 409, 476, 477 Egypt, 17, 25 Ekadasi-tattva (of Raghunandana), 470, 473 Ekamra. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. 549 Ekamra-purana, 71, 79, 466, 467, 470, 501, 504-6, 508, 509 Ekanamsa (a form of Devi), 48. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Ekapada-upapurana, 505 Ekaparna (a name of Devi), 48 Ekapatala, 44. See also under 'Devi.Her different forms and names'. Ekavira (alias Haihaya), 303 (story of the birth of). Elam, 16 Eliot (Sir Charles), 147 Energy (Sakti), 2, 34, 285 Eulogy, 40, 44, 45, 47, 50, 58, 65, 197, 201, 204, 264, 265, 268, 271, 273, 288, 292, 297, 301, 320, 398, 399, 400, 415, 421. See also under 'Hymns' below. Evil spirit, 20 Famine, 305, 307, 328 Farquhar (J.N.), 75, 152, 245, 342, 344, 347, 363 Female deities, 1, 12, 17-21, 24, 25, 36, 40, 44, 65, 262, 333, 466 Female statuettes, 16 Females. Their names: Amogha (wife of Santanu), Arundhati (wife of Vasistha), Citrangada (sister of Taravati), Devaki (wife of Vasudeva), Gandhari (wife of Dhrtarastra), Indumati (a harlot), Kunkuma (wife of king Candramindra), Kunti (wife of Pandu), Madhavi (wife of Dharmadhvaja and mother of Tulasi), Madri (wife of Pandu), Mandodari (wife of Ravana), Menaka (or, Mena, wife of Himalaya), Nilakuntala (an attendant of Sati), Pivari (daughter of the Pitrs), Prasuti (wife of Daksa), Renuka (a Vidarbha princess and mother of Rama Jamadagnya), Rohini (mother of of Balarama), Rukmini (wife Krsna), Saci (wife of Indra), Saivya (wife of king Hariscandra), Samjna (wife of the Sun), Sasikala (daughter of Subahu, king of Kasi), Satyabhama (wife of Krsna), Satyavati (daughter of king Gadhi of Kanyakubja and wife of Rcika, a Bhargava), Silamati (wife of demon Ghora), Taravati
550 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS (daughter of king Kakutstha), Vindhyavali (wife of demon Bali), Vrnda (wife of Dharmadeva), Yasoda (wife of Nanda Gopa), and so on, 54, 57, 76, 211, 213, 225-8, 230, 250, 264, 266, 270, 272, 273, 286, 288-9, 301, 306-7, 313, 318, 373, 380, 401, 405, 413, 415, 417, 420, 423, 445, 465 Festivals (utsava), such as Andolakamahotsava, Bhutamatrutsava, Damanotsava, Dipanvita (or, Dipalika), Durgotsava, Jagaranotsava, Kaumudi-mahotsava, Madana-mahotsava, Nirajana-dvadasi, Pavitrotsava, Phalguna-purnimotsava (also called Dola-yatra, Dolotsava and Holika), Rasotsava, Rathotsava, Sayanotsava, Sivotsava (in Caitra), Syama-mahotsava, etc., 11, 13, 20, 93, 309-310, 316, 323, 375, 381-4 (description of), 396, 404-6, 408-9, 435, 451, 460, 494, 499 Fire-ordeal (of Sita), 317 Fish, 50 (to be offered to Ksemankari), 206, 217, 219, 361, 401, 431, 433, 454, 462 Five deities (panca-deva), 320 Five topics of Puranas, 71, 285-6 Flag, 48 (dhvaja-dana), 52, 191. See also under 'Banner' and 'Banner (of Indra)' above. Flood, 34 (in Kamarupa), 250, 257, 451 Flowers, 54, 55, 66, 190, 321, 401, 402 Food, 64 (selection and classification of), 356, 392, 431, 432, 435, 454, 483, 497, 499. See also under 'Articles (upacara, including fish, meat, wine, etc.) offered to deities' above. Forbes (James), 318 Forts (durga).-Their construction, varieties, maintenance, etc., 36, 47, 55-57, 90, 91, 228 Fowler (vyadha), 399, 410 Frog, 319 Fruits, 43, 232 (karuna), 407, 435, 499, 500 (draksa). Gadadhara (a Smrti-writer of Orissa), 14, 72, 83, 231, 235, 244, 337, 370, 393, 467, 478, 491, 493, 494, 509 Gajan. See under 'Cadak-puja' above. Gajanana, 50, 64 (origin, description and worship of). See also under 'Ganesa' below. Galeb Ali Khan (Nawab of Dacca), 459 Ganapati (a Smrti-writer), 478, 480 Ganapatya (or, Ganapa), 310, 320, 329- 334, 377 Ganapatyism, 36 Ganas (Siva's attendants named Bhrngi, Ganesa, Mahakala, Nandin, Virabhadra etc.), 34, 38, 48, 198, 200, 213, 215, 216, 221, 223, 224, 228, 265, 308 Gana-yaga (or, Vinayaka-yaga), 55 Ganda-vyuha, 146, 149, 150 Gandharva, 29, 350-352, 364 Gandharva-sastra (an Upaveda), 63 Ganesa (also called Ganesvara, Ganapati, Gajanana, etc.), 52-54, 56, 90, 191, 192, 223, 230, 269 (story of his birth), 274, 277, 313, 315, 319, 320, 322, 323, 326, 332, 342, 363, 366, 372, 375, 379, 384, 424, 425, 427 (story of his birth), 434, 453 Ganga (a divine river), 30, 48, 262, 266, 273-5 (story of her descent on earth), 315, 316 (story and worship of), 355, 356 (origin of), 398, 400-401 (description of), 404, 412, 417-425 (her origin and descent on earth, her thousand names, her streams, and so on), 436, 450, 451, 453, 455-7, 460, 462, 463, 465, 496 Ganga-bhairava, 425 Ganga-bhakti-tarangini (of Ganapati), 237, 478, 480, 484 Gangadhara (commentator of the Dharma-samhita of the Siva-purana), 344, 345, 358 Ganga-vakyavali (of Vidyapati Upadhyaya) 72, 83, 192, 234, 237, 471-3, 478 Gangeya (Bhisma), 289 (story of the birth of). Garga, 75, 385, 386, 390 Garuda (also called Suparna), 45, 220, 440 Garuda-purana, 74, 81-3, 160, 389, 476, 505, 512 Garuda (Purana), 74, 160, 239 Garuda-purana (earlier), 505 Garuda Tattva-rahasya (mentioned in Saiva Nilakantha's commentary Tilaka) 346 Garuda Upapurana, 505 i 7 1 ' }
Garudavadin, 59, 76 Garuda-vidya, 47 Garudika, 56 Gatha, 184, 186, 484 Gauda (or, Gaudiya), 4, 13, 232, 240 Gauda-desa, 14 Gauda-nibandha, 4, 6, 7 Gauhati, 34, 246, 251, 253 INDEX Gauri, 44, 48, 52, 57, 62, 191, 212, 262, 307, 308, 311, 320, 379, 381, 384, 453, 475, 476. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Gautama (a sage), 161 (story of his curse to sages), 165 (story of his curse), 206, 207, 328 (story of his curse). See also under 'Sages' below. Gayatri, 44, 92, 203, 285 (Devi-), 319, 325-7, 329, 331, 333, 338, 344, 345, 359, 398, 429, 457, 464, 495 551 Govinda (author of the Vakya-ratnakara), 511 Govindananda (or, Govindananda Kavikamkanacarya), 2, 12, 13, 15, 72, 82, 83, 235, 240, 244, 259, 339, 370, 393, 395, 467, 470, 472, 478, 484, 491 Govindaraja (the deity of the Visnutemple at Cidambaram), 362 Go-vivaha, 53 Graha, 74, 76 Graha-yaga, 53 Grama (village), 56 (measurement and position of), 59 Grama-devi (village-goddess), 30, 313 Greece, 16, 21, 25 Grhastha-ratnakara (of Candesvara Thakkura), 72, 193, 234, 237, 478, 481, 484, 486, 493, 496, 497 Guakuchi (name of a place), 246, 253 Genealogy, 82, 420-3 (of Sagara), 436 (of Guhyakas, 364 Vena), 446 (of Krsna). Geography, 311, 372, 495 Ghanta (bell).-See under 'Bell' above. Ghataka (or Ghataka, king of the Kiratas of Pragjyotisa), 31, 208 Ghatika-yantra (for measurement of time), 59 Ghora (son of the divine Boar), 204, 205 Ghost, 19 Gifts and donations (of cows-natural and artificial, gold, land, manuscripts of books, paddy, etc.), 31, 36, 53-5, 59, 60, 62, 192, 236, 316, 319-321, 339, 366-8, 375-7, 385-390, 392, 395, 396, 424, 445, 483-4, 486-7, 497 Gita.-See under 'Bhagavad-gita' above. Gita-govinda (of Jayadeva), 58, 453, 458 Gocarma (a measurement of land), 498 Gode (P. K.), 233, 254, 344 Gokarna (a sacred place), 49, 54. See also under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Gopalabhatta (author of the Hari-bhaktivilasa), 72, 83, 235, 339, 478, 488, 491, 509 Gopaladasa (author of the Bhakti-ratnakara), 477, 502, 507, 508 Gopatha-brahmana, 135 Gorakhpur, 5 Goraksanagara, 5 Gotras, 63 (names of). Guhya-samaja-tantra, 184 Gui (Shiva Chandra), 35, 68, 195, 284, 285, 369, 469 Gupta (Anand Swarup), 187 Gupta temple, 347 Guru (superior, or spiritual guide), 93, 309 (praise of), 311, 315, 325, 398, 399- 400, 424, 430, 465, 500 Had-gila (bone-eating) Brahmins, 33 Haihayas, 302-3 (story of their origin and slaughter of Bhrgus). Haimavati (Uma), 24 Halahala (son of Kalagnirudra), 40 Halayudha (also called Haladhara, Rama and Balarama), 272, 273, 446 Halayudha (author of the Brahmanasarvasva), 8 Haralata (of Aniruddha-bhatta), 32 Harappa, 1 Hari-bhakti-vilasa (of Gopalabhatta), 72, 83, 190, 191, 235, 478-480, 484, 487-9, 493, 494, 509-510 Haridranagara, 403, 421 Hariscandra (son of Trisanku), 305-7 (story of), 342. See also under 'Kings' below. Harivamsa, 1, 17-19, 21, 67, 232, 394 Harjara-varman (king of Kamarupa), 252 Harlots, 46 (feeding of), 49 (worshipping the eight Vidyas), 59, 181, 193, 217, 320
552 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Harsa-carita (of Banabhatta), 30 Harsapala (king of Kamarupa), 31 Harsavardhana (king of Kanyakubja), 342 Harvest deity, 23 Hatta, 59 Hava, 197, 360 Hayagriva, 288, 338, 344 Hazra (R. C.), 8, 71, 74, 75, 79, 81, 82, 240, 241, 245, 247, 341, 343, 391, 394, 395, 503, 505, 509 Head-hunters (of Assam), 43 Head-hunting (tribe), 33 Hells, 58, 92, 161, 312, 320, 321, 328, 335 Hema-candra, 109, 117, 121, 143, 144 Hemadri (author of the Caturvargacintamani), 3, 4, 7, 9, 32, 69, 72, 78, 158, 181, 189, 234, 240, 256, 337, 338, 346, 369-372, 388, 389, 392, 393, 395, 396, 467, 479, 481, 484, 486-8, 491, 494, 503, 510, 513 Hemakuta (a mountain), 18, 44 Heretical (pasanda) sects, viz., Arhatas, Bauddhas (Tantrik or otherwise), Bhairavas, Bhiksus, Bhojakas, Carvakas, Cina-marga-ratas, Damaras, Jainas (including Digambaras), Kapalikas (also called Kapalas and Kapalakas), Kapilas, Kaulakas (or, Kaulikas), Langalas, Lingadharins, Lokayatikas, Mahayanists, Minaketanas, Nakulas, Nastikas, Nirgranthas, Pancaratras, Pasupatas, Purva-pascimas, Saivas, Sakyas, Samkhyas, Saugatas, Siddhaputras, Somas, Sravakas, Taptamudrankitas, Trisuladharins, etc., 54, 59, 76, 82, 83, 145, 152-7, 159-165, 205, 239, 297, 310, 325, 328, 330-332, 334, 335 Heruka, 218 Hill-tribes, 33 Himacala (also called Himadri, Himalaya and Himavat), 17, 18, 20, 24-28, 38, 44, 47-50, 261, 263, 266-8, 274, 308, 311, 313, 381, 414, 417, 421, 425 Himavat-pitha, 49 Hiralal, 195, 284, 397 Hiranyakesi-grhyasutra, 22 Holy places (tirtha), 57, 79, 83, 85, 211 (of Kamarupa), 398, 400-401, 403-4, 424, 451, 455-6, 505 (topography of). See also under 'Tirtha' below. Homas (such as Ayuta-homa, Laksahoma, Koti-homa, Naksatra-homa, Dhara-homa, etc. and the methods of their performance), 41 (with human flesh), 45, 46, 52, 53, 57, 66, 92, 93, 191, 311, 327 (santika, paustika), 375, 387, 405, 406, 435, 468, 500 Homer, 21 Hora, 75 Horse, 190, 191, 216, 226, 301, 303, 483, 497 Horse-sacrifice.-See under 'Sacrifices' below. Hospital (arogya-sala).-Its foundation and equipment, 486 Hughli (in Bengal), 452, 455 Human corpse (as a seat for some deities), 45, 52, 206, 262 Human flesh, 41 (performance of Homa with), 205 (offer of), 206 Human sacrifice, 18, 216, 219, 223, 247, 433 Huna, 26, 49, 76, 342 Huviska, 23 Hybrid Sanskrit (Buddhist), 79, 94, 95, 116, 143, 146, 181, 184, 187, 188 Hybrid (or, Synthetic) Sanskrit (of the Devi-purana), 94-188 (particularly 146 and 181). Hybrid texts (Buddhist), 146-8, 151, 152, 162, 182 Hymn (or, Stava, Stora, Stuti), 1, 44 (called Mahadandaka), 46-48, 67 (called Stava-raja), 263, 274, 279, 281, 316 (Visnupadi-stotra), 319 (Savitri-stava), 321, 366-8, 392, 398- 400, 405, 406, 415, 420-422, 424, 427, 435-6, 445, 447, 457, 462, 473 (Indraksistava), 474 (Siva-stotra). Images (pratima, of Devi and other deities such as Adityas, Agni, Brahma, Ganesa, Indra, Kusmanda, Laksmi, Rudras, Siva, Vasus, Vidyas, and so on).-Their description, construction, consecration, etc., 45-47, 50, 52, 59, 61, 65, 75, 82, 83, 189, 191, 192, 217, 270, 271, 283, 294, 295, 362, 407, 408, 468, 500 Immaculate conception (or origin), 25, 28
INDEX 553 Immersion (visarjana, of the image of Janaka (king of Mithila), 206-8, 287-8, Devi), 6, 11-3, 409, 468, 469, 472 340, 347, 411. See also under 'Kings' Impurity (due to birth, death and below. miscarriage), 496 Incarnations (of Devi, Visnu and others), 1, 25-27, 29, 36, 37, 40 (ten, of Visnu), 75 (ten, of Visnu), 91, 145 (ten, of Visnu), 159 (of Visnu), 204-5 (of Visnu), 211, 233, 243 (en, of Visnu), 296, 298 (of Visnu), 299 (partial), 311 (of Visnu), 324 (of Visnu), 324-5, 328, 342 (of Visnu), 359, 366, 388 (ten, of Visnu), 394 (ten, of Visnu), 416 (many, of Visnu), 445 (four, of Visnu), 447 (of Visnu and Siva), 457, 466 Indo-Aryan Races, 18 Indra (alias Sakra), 37-40, 42-44, 51, 54, 58, 65, 69, 76, 210-212, 273, 296, 297, 300-301 (his killing of Visvarupa Janamejaya (a king), 290 (story of). See also under 'Kings' below. Japa, 17, 66 Jaratkaru, 290, 323, 388 Jatadharacarya, 11 Jataka-mala, 146 Javala-sruti, 359 Jayadeva (author of the Gita-govinda), 58, 453, 458 Jayadurga, 259 Jayakhya-samhita, 164, 165, 175-8 Jayanta, 364 Jha (Ganganath), 338 Jimutavahana (author of the Kalaviveka), 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 73, 337, 370, 393, 467, 471 and Vrtra), 305, 321, 322, 348-350, Jimutavahana (a Vidyadhara prince), 405, 416, 419, 420, 422, 427, 500 Indra-dhvaja (Indra's banner), 42, 76 Indra-dhvaja-mahotsava 342 Jiva Gosvamin, 369 (also called Jivananda Vidyasagara, 81, 475, 476 Mahendra-dhvaja-mahotsava and Jnana, 302, 308, 309, 319, 330 Sakra-dhvaja-mahotsava), 42, 46, 229, 375 John Marshall (Sir), 16, 17 Jyotih-sastra, 3, 59, 91 Indrapala-varma-deva (king of Kama- Jyotisa (a work), 3, 5, 8 rupa), 34, 246, 249-251, 253 Indus Valley, 16 Initiation (Vedic, Tantric), 327, 328-9, 335, 336, 400 Itihasa, 59, 91, 410 Jagannatha (lord of Odra), 218 Jagannatha-prakasa (of Sura-misra), 513 Jahnavi (a female deity), 44 Jaimini, 154, 261, 262, 398, 412. See also under 'Sages' below. Jainism, 75, 381 Jalandhara (or, Jalandhara).-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Jalauka (king of Kashmir), 479, 480 Jalika (a Yogasana).-See under 'Asanas' above. Jalpisa (a deity), 214, 221. Jalpisesvara, 217 Jamadagni (a Bhargava), 227-8 (birth and sons of), 296 Jamadagnya, 34, 49, 225, 249-250. See also under 'Rama (Bhargava, Jamadagnya)'. Jyotis-tattva (of Raghunandana), 470, 473 Kaca (son of Brhaspati), 60 Kadambari (of Banabhatta), 76 Kadru, 379 Kaivarta (fisherman), 48 Kaivarti (fisherwoman), 41 Kakati (Bani Kanta), 32 Kaladarsa, 235 Kalagnirudra, 40, 58, 473, 474 Kalagnirudropanisad, 473 Kala-kantha (alias Kali-purana), 236 Kala-madhaviya (of Madhavacarya), 235 Kala-nirnaya (of Madhavacarya), 72, 234, 337, 370, 393, 396, 493, 512 Kalasara (of Gadadhara), 3, 11, 14, 17, 70, 190-192, 231, 235, 244, 337, 393, 467, 478, 482, 484, 486, 492-5, 509, 512 Kala-sastra, 19 Kalaviveka (of Jimutavahana), 2-4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 73, 258, 337, 393, 467, 471, 474 Kalhana, 479, 480 Kalhana's Raja-tarangini, 480
554 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Kali (or, Bhadrakali or Mahakali), 2, 19, 20, 24 (a tongue of Agni), 26, 27, 30, 34-36, 44, 48, 196, 212, 264, 265 (Chaya-), 268 (description of), 272-3, 275-6, 381, 401, 404, 405, 407-8 (description and method of worship of), 414, 420, 445, 449, 450, 453, 462-4 Kali (age), 155, 156, 165, 253, 276, 277, 282, 286, 301, 316, 332, 343, 446-7 (description of the state of religion and society in), 460, 465, 497 (acts to be avoided in). Kalidasa, 67, 68, 72, 83, 212, 243, 257 Kalika, 2, 5, 10, 20, 26, 30, 34, 35, 48-50, 58, 198, 256, 325. See also under 'Devi. -Her different forms and names" above. Kalika-purana, 1, 3-9, 11, 14, 15, 17-19, 30-32, 34, 35, 78-81, 83, 194-259, 275, 340, 346, 457, 470, 477, 483, 488, 489, 503 Kalika-purana (earlier), 233-243, 470 Kali-purana, 1, 195, 196, 236, 241, 245, 254, 255, 259, 415, 457 Kalkin (or, Kalki), 40, 324, 394, 447 Kalpa (a period of time), 19, 205 (Varaha), 345-6 (Sarasvata), 495 Kalpataru, 3, 73 (Naiyata-kalika-). Kama (or, Kamadeva, Kandarpa, Madana or Cupid), 38, 54, 190, 196-8 (birth, names and exploits of), 200, 203, 212, 257, 262, 268 (Siva's burning and reviving of), 274, 296, 348, 350, 351, 382, 405, 413 Kamadhenu, 73 Kamakhya, 20, 30, 34, 49, 83, 208-210, 220, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251, 266, 273-7, 355, 356, 358, 404, 421 Kamakhya-giri, 49 Kamaksi (a mother goddess), 34 Kamalakara-bhatta (or, Kamalakara), 2, 3, 7-11, 235, 244, 470, 472, 506, 510 Kamarupa, 3, 4, 7-10, 14, 17, 30-35, 50, 51, 79, 80, 83, 85, 90, 208-9, 214, 217-225 (names of holy places, mountains, lakes, rivers, pools and deities of, and story of the spread of Vamacara Tantricism in), 231 (reason for the name of), 232-3, 236, 244, 245, 248- 253, 257, 261, 265-6, 273, 275, 277, 280, 355, 402-5, 416, 417, 445, 451, 455, 457, 465 Kama-sastra, 359 Kama-tattva, 41 Kamesvara (a deity), 251 Kamika Vidya.-See under 'Vidyas (mystic)' below. Kanaka (son of the divine Boar), 204, 205 Kane (P. V.), 234, 235, 241, 247, 363 Kanvasrama, 49 Kanyakubja, 50, 226, 374 Kanya-kumari (young virgin), 24 Kanya-vikraya, 321, 361 Kapali-bhairava (also called Smasanabhairava and Mahabhairava), 205-6 Kapalikas, 43, 205 (rites and practices of), 263, 330-332, 334. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects' above. Kapalika (Saivism), 31, 32, 233, 253 Kapalin (a Mleccha tribe).-See under 'Tribes' below. Kapila (a sage), 41, 205, 311, 318, 416, 420, 423 Kapila-sastra (on Samkhya philosophy), 311 Kapisthala-katha-samhita Yajurveda), 21 (of the Black Karali (a tongue of Agni), 24, 52 Karman, 319 Karma-vipaka.-See under 'Results of actions' below. Karttika (or, Karttikeya), 38, 53, 58, 68, 83, 268 (birth and exploits of), 375, 377, 378, 424, 474-6. Kashmir, 248 Kasinatha Bhatta, 338, 358 Kasirama Vacaspati, 13, 14, 467, 481, 490, 508 Kasi-tattva-prakasika (of Raghunathendra- sivayogin), 196 Kasmira. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities' below. Kasyapa, 272, 296, 298, 304 Kasyapa-parivarta, 146 Kathaka-samhita, 21, 22 Katwa (a subdivision in the district of Burdwan), 48 Katyayana, 3, 24, 217, 244 Katyayani-sloka, 3 Kaurma (Purana).-See under 'Kurmapurana' below. Kaurma (Upapurana).-See under 'Kurmaupapurana' below. Kautuka, 500 la
INDEX Kavaca (viz., Devi-kavaca, Kamakhyakavaca, Mahabharata-kavaca, Navagraha-kavaca, Sarasvati-kavaca, Tripura-kavaca, Vinayaka-kavaca, Visnukavaca, etc.), 55, 179, 220, 221, 264, 276, 279, 283, 315, 318, 412, 414, 447, 457, 462 Kavikankana-candi (of Mukundarama Cakravartin), 438, 439, 449, 453, 455, 458 Kavi Karnapura, 10 Kavyakuta (?), 235, 236, 255 Kavya-samgraha (of Rajajivana De Dasa), 260, 459 Kedara-kalpa, 474 Keith (A. B.), 146, 195, 284, 368 371, 473 Kena-upanisad, 24, 328, 359 Kesa-samskara-dravya (for Devi), 4 Khandava forest, 230 Kharavela (a king), 188 Khasa (or, Khasa,- -a tribe). See under "Tribes' below. Kheta (or, Khetaka), 43, 56 (measurement and position of), 59 Kikata, 357, 425, 465 Kimnara, 29 Kings, such as Anga (father of Vena), Aruna (father of Satyavrata Trisanku), Asvapati, Bhagiratha, Bhagya, Candramindra, Candrasekhara, Citrangada, 555 others, 31, 34, 38, 39, 41, 43, 49, 53, 57, 65, 68-70, 76, 153, 212-5, 225-7, 229, 230, 250, 272, 274-5, 288-290, 293-4, 298-304, 313, 316-9, 323, 328-9, 359, 362, 374, 379-380, 382, 420-421, 425, 426-7 (of the Solar and Lunar dynasties), 436-440, 445, 446 Kiratas (a tribe), 208 (description of), 209. See also under 'Tribes' below. Knossos, 16 Kogram (a village in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal), 48, 403 Kokamukha.-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Konka-venkatavasaka (a name of Siva), 415 Kosala, 5 (Northern), 292, 293. See also under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Krama-dipika, 234 Krsna, 25, 40, 211, 262, 270, 272-3 (Kali's birth as), 277, 280, 298-9 (birth and exploits of), 313-6 (conception of and origin of the universe from), 320-324, 328, 332, 333, 340, 348, 356, 366, 367, 371-3, 377, 384, 385, 394, 395, 408, 416, 424, 435, 445-6, 453, 478, 486 Krsna-candra (Maharaja of Nadia), 280 Citraratha, Citrasena (of Dravida Krsnahnika-kaumudi (of Kavi Karnapura), visaya), Dharmadhvaja, Dhrtarastra, Duryodhana, Gadhi, Hariscandra, Janaka, Janamejaya, Jarasandha, Jayadratha, Kakakarna (of Kikata), Kakutstha, Kalayavana (ruling over Mlecchas), Kamsa, Karna, Kartavirya, Kusadhvaja, Kuvalayasva (Dhundhumara), Mahabhisa, Mandhatr, Nahusa, Nimi, Nrpavahana, Pandu, Pariksit, Paundraka, Pausya, Priyavrata (son of Svayambhuva Manu), Pururavas, Raghu, Raibhya, Rajasena, Sagara, Salva, Santanu, Saryati, Sasabindu, Satadhanu, Satyavrata Trisanku, Sisupala, Srisalavahana, Subahu (of Kasi), Sudarsana (son of Dhruvasandhi of Kosala), Sudraka (of the Kadambari), Sudyumna, Sumedhasa, Suratha, Taladhvaja, Vasu Uparicara, Vena, Vicitravirya, Vijaya, Vikuksi, Vrsadhvaja, Yudhajit, Yudhisthira, and many 10 Krsnananda Agamavagisa, 235, 244 Krttivasa (a vernacular poet of Bengal), 464 Krtya (malevolent rite), 152 Krtyacara (alias Acaradarsa, of Sridatta Upadhyaya).-See under 'Acaradarsa' above. Krtya-cintamani (of Candesvara Thakkura), 234 Krtya-cintamani (of Vacaspati-misra), 7, 8, 72, 73, 192, 234, 393, 470, 472, 473 Krtya-kalpataru (of Laksmidhara), 3, 73, 78, 84, 157, 181, 191, 193, 234-9, 242, 370, 479-481, 483, 484, 486, 493-8, 500 Krtya-kaumudi, 235 Krtya-maharnava (of Vacaspati-misra), 13, 73, 235 Krtya-ratnakara (of Candesvara Thakkura), 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 69, 72, 79, 84, 190-192,
556 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS 194, 234-9, 243, 247, 475, 478, 480, 481, 484, 486, 493, 497, 498, 500 Krtya-tattva (of Raghunandana), 13, 248 Krtya-tattvarnava (of Srinatha Acaryacudamani), 2, 3, 5-8, 10-12, 72, 190, 244, 258, 389 Ksatra-veda, 443 Ksetrapala, 218 Kula-marga, 50 Kulottunga I and II (Cola kings), 362 Kumara-sambhava (of Kalidasa), 67, 68, 212, 243, 257 Kumarila-bhatta, 155, 156, 161, 180, 363, 365, 447 Kurma-purana (or, Kaurma), 1, 71, 161, 162, 165, 240, 343, 360, 364, 365 (having four Samhitas-Brahmi, Sauri, etc.), 389, 466, 470, 476, 477, 481, 482, 490, 502-4, 512, 513 Kurma-upapurana (or, Kaurma Upapurana), 505-6 Kurma-vibhaga (or, Kurmanga-samsthana), 51, 76 Kuruksetra. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Kusmanda (a female deity seated on a human corpse), 52 Kuvera, 56 Laghu-brahmavaivarta-purana, 506 Lainga (Purana), 4, 74, 82, 159, 160, 239, 389, 474 Lakes (such as Apunarbhu, Bhairavasaras, Bindu-saras, Brahmakuta-saras, Brhallohita, Kama-saras, Lohita, Sipra, etc.), 202, 203, 222, 223, 225, 228, 250, 302, 403 Laksmanasena (king of Bengal), 73 Laksmi, 14, 48, 52, 57, 220, 262, 276, 303, 313-5, 318, 321-2, 355, 402, 404, 406, 407, 417, 425, 500 Lala Jaya-narayana (author of the Candika-mangala-kavya), 458 Lalitavistara, 79, 81, 94, 95, 97, 99, 103, 109, 120, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150 Lama (of Tibet), 33 Language of the Devi-purana, 86-90, 94-188 Lanka, 269, 270, 317, 405. See also under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Lankavatara-sutra, 147, 151 Lauhitya (a river and son of Brahma), 34, 208, 210, 217, 218, 225-8 (story of the birth of), 249 (reason for the name of), 250, 257, 266, 275, 276 Lilavati-upapurana, 506 Linga (of Siva), 57, 60 (characteristics and praise of), 202, 221, 222, 239, 265, 277, 310 (Bana-), 316, 402, 412, 416, 424, 456, 473, 480 (worship of), 486, 494 Linga-dharin, 325, 330, 331 Linga-purana, 2, 4-9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 73, 164, 258, 362, 389, 474. See also under 'Lainga (Purana)' above. Lion (the mount of Devi and a wild beast), 16, 19, 21, 23, 26-28, 36, 40, 44, 45, 47, 271, 276, 295-7, 299. See also under 'Simha' below. Lists of Puranas and Upapuranas.-See under 'Puranas' below. Local custom, 11, 12, 14, 240 Local deity, 30, 466 Local (or, Popular) dialect, 180, 181, 188, 485 Lokapalas, 46, 53, 364 Lokas (worlds or regions, such as those of Brahma, Visnu, Siva, Durga, Gauri, Surya, Brhaspati and others; also Atala, Vitala, etc., and Bhuh, Bhuvah, Svah, etc.), 39, 51, 58, 261, 270, 277, 304, 312, 315, 321, 322, 329, 373, 402, 465, 480, 495, 499 Macdonell (A. A.), 347 Machine, 43, 56, 59 Madana. See under 'Kama' above. Madanapala, 72, 234, 370, 491 Madana-parijata (of Madanapala), 72, 234, 235, 237, 493, 497 Madana-ratna-pradipa (of Madanasimhadeva), 234, 235, 237, 238 Madanasimha-deva, 234 Madavat (son of demon Naraka), 211 Madhavacarya, 72, 234, 235, 237, 337, 338, 370, 372, 393, 395, 396, 478, 487, 491-3, 497, 507 Madhavi-purana (?), 506-7 Madhu. See under 'Vasanta' below. Madhuparka, 32 Madhupura (or, Mathura), 273 Madhusudana Sarasvati, 344, 477
Madhva (or, Madhvacarya), 446 Madhyadesa, 39 Madya, 19 Magha (the poet), 243, 257 Magadha, 380 INDEX Magha-mahatmya (claiming to be a part of the Uttara-khanda of the Padmapurana), 362 Mahabhagavata-purana (or, Mahabhagavata), 1, 30, 80, 81, 83, 259-283, 356-8, 458, 462 Mahabharata, 1, 17-20, 24, 30, 32, 87, 135, 162-4, 182, 183, 187, 226-8, 231, 232, 244, 247, 248, 286, 341, 344, 352, 353, 359, 376, 379, 394, 410-412, 433, 456, 464, 492, 493, 497 Mahabhasya (of Patanjali), 183, 188 Mahadandaka (a hymn).-See under 'Hymn' above. Mahakala.--See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Mahakala-samhita, 195, 254, 255 Mahamaya, 26, 208, 211, 215, 216, 221, 259, 458 Mahamayuri, 147 Mahamoha, 152 Mahanarayaniya-upanisad, 360 Mahanavami (a Tithi), 3, 29, 45, 46, 81, 159, 220, 405, 451 Mahanavami-puja (of Devi), 3, 29, 45, 46, 375, 451 Mahapitha. See under 'Pithas' below. Maharaja (a form of Devi), 49. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Maharastra, 58, 244, 344 Maharudra, 414 Mahasirsa (son of demon Naraka), 211 Mahastami (a Tithi), 29, 45, 46, 263, 405, 451 Mahastami-paddhati-kara, 14 Mahasveta. See under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Maha-Vaipulya-sutra, 152 Mahavastu (or, Mahavastu Avadana), 79, 81, 94, 95, 99, 101, 103, 104, 109, 135, 143, 145-9, 152 Mahavidyas (ten,-Kali, Tara, etc.), 264, 267, 276, 296, 307, 325, 342, 414, 463 Mahesa Thakkura, 345 Mahesa Upapurana, 507-8 Mahesvara.-See 'Vasistha-lainga' below. Mahidhara (a commentator), 22 Mahisamardini, 54, 56, 217 557 Mahodaya. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Maiden goddess, 25, 36 Maithila, 8, 12, 31, 32, 82 (writers), 242 Maithila Brahmins of Kamarupa, 31-33, 35 Maitrayani Samhita (of the Black Yajurveda), 21, 22 Malamasa-tattva (of Raghunandana), 79, 466, 467, 470, 477, 481, 490, 491, 508 Malavikagnimitra (of Kalidasa), 23 Mamsa, 17-19, 41 (maha-), 93 (maha-). Manasa (or, Nagadevi,-a deity), 313, 315, 323 (story and worship of), 333, 404, 425, 432 Manava Upapurana, 512 Manaviya-samhita, 492 Mandala (a medium of worship).-See under 'Mediums of worship' below. Mangala-candi (or, Mangala-candika), 323 (story of), 357, 403, 445, 453, 459. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. a Mangalakosthaka (or, Mangalkot, village in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal), 48, 49, 403, 455 Mangalkot.-See 'Mangalakosthaka' above. Manifestation (pradurbhava), 364 Mantra. Its description, the method of and materials for writing it, its varieties, and so on, 4, 17, 19, 29, 41, 42, 46 (mula-, hrdaya-, astra-, etc.), 49, 55, 57 (Tantric), 60 (Vedic), 61 (-uddhara), 65, 67 (kavaca-, astra-, etc.), 80 (abhicara-), 92, 93 (Tantric), 145 (Tantric, Vedic), 146 (Tantric), 159 (Puranic), 179, 183 (Vedic), 203, 212, 214-6, 218, 219, 221 (-purascarana; different kinds of), 224 (Vedic), 238 (Puranic, Vedic), 259, 264, 275 (-purascarana), 282 (Tantric), 283, 292, 295, 298, 300, 314, 315, 316 (Radhika-), 318 (Radhika-, Krsna-), 320 (Sakti-), 322, 335 (Vaidika, laukika), 336, 364, 378, 399-401, 406, 414, 417, 430 (for Sudras), 446, 462-4, 465 (Visnu-), 472, 480, 486, 499 Manu, 37, 51, 69, 204-5 (Svayambhuva),
558 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS 262 (Svayambhuva), 286, 304 (Vaivasvata), 311 (creation by and descendants of), 317 (Daksa-savarni), 323, 324-5 (Svarocisa, Uttama, etc.), 373, 386, 413, 425-6 (names of fourteen). Manu-smrti, 161 Manvantara (Bhautya-, Vaivasvata-, etc.), 27, 42, 71, 204, 257, 286, 298, 373, 425, 434, 500 Mara, 198, 257 Markandeya-candi.-See above. under "Candi' Markandeya-purana, 1, 17, 19, 20, 26, 27, 76, 92 (called Markandeya-munisresthapurana), 240 (Markandiya-), 306, 341, 342, 433, 457 Marriage and its forms (such as Brahma, Daiva, Gandharva, Svayamvara, etc.), 191, 198, 199, 203, 226, 263, 266, 268, 288-290, 293, 316, 358, 367, 375, 376, 392, 413, 417, 432, 473, 496 (its forms named and described, with duties of married life), 497 Measurement of weight, 430, 458 Meat (and its use in the worship of various deities), 18, 50, 52, 54, 64, 65, 93, 206, 208, 217, 295, 304 (of a hare), 305 (of a dog), 401, 431-3, 462, 473, 481, 486, 499 Medhatithi, 161, 203 Medicine, 36 (science of). Mediums of worship (such as fire, water, Mandala, Yantra, image, lotus, Salagrama stone, etc., and also trees, plants, fruits, etc.), 41, 45, 52-5, 57, 59-62, 78, 93, 189, 215, 216, 218, 220, 264, 283, 295, 300, 310, 322, 323, 336, 358, 378-9, 435, 462, 498-500 Mesopotamia, 16 Metals, 47, 52, 53, 55, 189, 190, 220, 229, 431, 443, 487, Military expedition, 20 Mimamsa-darsana (of Jaimini), Mimamsa-sutras, 360 Minaketanas, 82, 159, 160 Minaon style, 16 155 Martanda-purana (or, Martanda), 385, 386, Mithila, 2-4, 7-10, 12, 14, 15, 31, 32, 389-390, 493 Maruts, 51 Matarisvan, 37 Mathara (an authority on Sun-worship), 52-53, 91 Mathara-vrtti, 91 Matriarchal system of society, 18 Matrs (or, Matrkas,-mother goddesses such as Brahmani, Mahesvari, Vaisnavi and others), 27, 29, 36, 38, 46, 47, 52-5, 57-9, 65, 73, 76, 91, 190, 364. See also under 'Saktis of Brahma and other gods' below. Matr-tantra, 74, 91 Matsya-purana (or, Matsya), 240, 258, 308, 337, 358, 360, 364, 367, 385-8, 390, 395, 456, 457, 475, 479, 481, 491, 492, 501 Maya, 24-27, 35, 38, 48, 52, 196, 199, 200, 209, 230, 233, 239, 256, 296, 299 (-sakti), 314 (Visnu-), 348, 373-4 (Visnu). Maya (a name of Kamarupa), 424 Measurement by heaping, 430 Measurement of distance, 55 Measurement of land, 430, 498 Measurement of length, 55, 430 Measurement of time, 51, 59, 204, 312, 404 82-84, 232, 235, 379, 451 Mitramisra, 78, 180, 235, 244, 337, 370, 470-473, 502, 504, 507-9 Mitra (Rajendra Lal), 1, 35, 36, 68, 158, 195, 260, 284, 337, 341, 367, 369, 384, 391, 392, 397, 459, 471, 477, 492, 505 Mitrasena. Same as 'Citrasena' mentioned above. Mixed language (for religious instruction), 180, 485 Mleccha, 17, 32-34, 43, 183 (words), 221, 224, 231, 253, 282, 297, 299, 316 (-sastras), 320, 343, 383, 433, 440, 447, 458, 460-2 Mleccha, 433, 458, 460 Mleccha-bhasa, 152, 157 Mleccha-dialect (called Paisaciki bhasa), 32 Mleccha (or, Mech) Kamarupa), 31, 32, Mohenjo-daro, 1 Moon, 203 (story of), dynasty (of 34 209 Mother (or, Mother, divine), 17, 91 Mother Earth.-See under 'Earth' above. Mother Goddess, 6, 22, 23, 34. See also under 'Matrs' above. Mother of evil spirits, 20
INDEX Mother of the gods, 16, 21 Mother-worship, 16 Mountain-goddess, 17, 24 Mountain-Mother, 16, 21 Mountains, such as Arvuda, Bhasmacala, Brahmacala, Candrabhaga, Candraparvata, Citra, Drona, Durjaya, Gandhamadana, Govardhana, Himalaya, Jaladharaka, Jarudhi, Kailasa, Kamagiri, Kamakhya-giri, Kiskindhya-parvata, Kola, Mahendra, Mainaka, Malavya, Malaya, Manasacala, Mandaksa-parvata, Manikarna, Mani parvata, Meru, Natakacala (Nataka- saila), Natakesvara, Nicaksa-parvata, Nilakuta (Nila-parvata), Nisadha, Sahya, Samdhyacala, Samvartaka, Srigiri (Srisaila), Sumeru, Sveta, Udayacala, Veda-parvata, Vindhya, Yugamdhara, etc., 3, 18, 20, 25, 27-29, 36, 38, 40-44, 47-51, 54, 59, 60, 65, 162, 196, 198-203, 209-212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 220, 221-3 (including many others of Kamarupa), 225, 226, 228, 249-252, 262, 274, 302, 309, 311-2, 317, 321, 323, 324, 348, 350, 373, 403, 417, 418, 422, 446, 452. Mrtyunjaya-upapurana, 508 Mudras (Tantric), 46, 57 (sixteen kinds of), 61, 67, 93, 190, 215, 216, 219, 326, 410, 425 Muhammadan, 282, 343, 458, 461, 462 Muhammadanism, 462 Muktaka (a Tantric Buddhist), 186 Mukundarama Cakravartin, 438, 439, 449, 455 Mula-prakrti, 30, 65, 319, 320, 323, 330, 332, 414, 416 Mula-sarvastivada-vinaya, 147 Mundakopanisad, 24, 360 Music (vocal and instrumental), 61, 217, 381, 408, 409, 418-9 (science of), 435, 468, 469, 500 Mymensing (a district of East Bengal, now in East Pakistan), 33 Nadi-durga (river-fort), 91 Nagananda (of Harsavardhana), 342 Nagaras (viz., Chinna-karna, Duhsthita, Durbala, Krsa, Rucaka, Sarvatobhadra, Svastika and Vinasa), 56 Nagari (script), 78 (Southern). Nagarjuna, 147 559 Nagas, 39, 54, 297, 379, 420, 435 (worship of), 436 Nagna, 41, 64, 153, 154 Nagoji-bhatta, 344 Naimisa. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Naksatras (Krttika, etc.), 77 Nanda (or, Nandi), 60-62 475, 476, 478, 481. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Nanda-gopa, 27, 273 Nanda-pandita, 235 Nanda (or, Nanda- or Nanda-) purana, 470, 479 Nandikesvara (or, Nandisvara, Nandisa or Nandikesa), 41, 42, 432, 479, 480 Nandikesvara-purana (alias Nandisvarapurana and Nandikesa-purana), 2-8, 14, 79, 466-9, 470-474, 481, 482 Nandikesvara-yugma, 467, 470, 481, 482 Nandin, 41, 145 (called Viresa), 263, 413 (originally a logician and attendant of Daksa), 415, 427, 475, 476, 478 Nandi-mahakala, 364 Nandi-nagara (script), 78 Nandi-purana (alias Nanda-purana, Nandapurana, Nandi-purana, Skanda-purana, Vayaviya and Saukeya-purana), 73, 180, 181, 469-471, 474-488, 489, 491 Nanyadeva, 233-7, 240, 243, 254-6 Narada (his marriage etc.), 38, 41, 42, 44, 199, 200, 206, 207, 212, 257, 258, 262, 263, 266, 267, 287, 291, 298 (called 'kalaha-priya'), 303, 304, 307, 373-4, 380, 386, 392, 411, 413-9, 425, 501. See also under 'Sages' below. Narada-pancaratra, 258 Naradiya-purana (or, Naradiya), 240, 339, 365-6, 369, 504, 509 Naradiya Upapurana, 504, 508-9 Naraka (alias Vajradhvaja and Vajraketu), 206-211 (story of his birth and activities). See also under 'Demons' above. Narakala. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Nara-Narayana, 205, 296-8, 347-353, 416 Narasimha, 205 Narasimha (Purana), 261 Narasimha-purana, 477, 483, 491
560 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Narasimha Vajapeyin, 70, 72, 78, 82, 234, 242, 370, 371, 477, 478, 480, 489, 491, 512 Narayana, 57, 269, 296, 311, 314, 317, 321, 384, 406, 411, 412, 417-9, 465 (liquefied), 468 Narayanabhatta, 491, 494 Narayanopanisad, 17, 24 Narmada (a river).-See under 'Rivers' below. Notya-sastra (of Bharata), 188 Nava-durga, 51 Nava-durga-sthala.-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Navadvipa (i.e., Nabadwip in the district of Nadia in West Bengal), 460 Nava-patrika (the nine plants used in Devi-puja), 5, 6, 10-13, 15, 90, 468 Nava-patrika-pravesa, 5. See also under 'Patrika-pravesa' below. Navaratra-vrata, 9, 17, 294-5, 300, 357 Navya-vardhamana, 73 Nayikas (of Kapali-bhairava), 206 Nehru (Sri Jawahar Lal), 33 Nepala. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Nibandha, 2-13, 15, 19, 69, 84, 85, 189, 392, 467 Nibandha-writer, 8, 71-72, 193, 195, 338-9, 371, 392, 393, 454, 491, 492, 502-4 Nidhanpur, 252 Nigama, 420, 428 Nilakantha-bhatta, 470, 472, 473, 478, 507 Nilakantha (commentator of the Mahabharata), 19, 244, 344 Nilakantha (Saiva), 78-79, 194, 243, 244, 284, 285, 338, 344-6, 358 Nilasarasvati, 276, 325, 342 Nilavrsa, 53, 54 (definition of), 495 Nirajana (lustration), 53, 190, 217, 229, 231-2, 379 Nisada (a tribe).-See under 'Tribes' below. Nisada (son of Vena), 43 Niti-sastra (ascribed to Brahma), 258 Nityacara-paddhati (of Vidyakara Vajapeyin), 190, 234, 493 Nityacara-pradipa (of Narasimha Vajapeyin), 70, 72, 78, 190, 191, 234, 235, 237, 239, 242, 243, 370, 371, 475, 477- 480, 487, 489, 493, 494, 498, 502, 512 Non-Aryan, 16-18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 33, 232, 253, 440, 444 Non-duality of God, 26 Northern India, 79, 165, 308, 358, 494 Nrpavahana (a king).-See under 'Kings' above. Nrsimha (king of Orissa), 234 Nyasa, 66 (sadanga-), 93, 220, 300, 311, 326, 394 Odra (or, Udra), 218. See also under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Omens and portents, 43, 53, 487, 500 Ommo (mother-goddess), 23. See also 'Umma, Ummi, Ummu' below. Orissa, 3, 11, 14, 71, 79, 82, 83, 234, 467 Ornaments, 61, 201, 220 (names of different kinds of), 361, 377, 402, 408, 409, 410, 421, 444, 487 Pada-division (of Devi-purana etc.) 35, 37, 38, 67, 68, 365, 373 Padamala-vidya.-See (mystic)' below. under 'Vidyas Padma (or, Padmavati,-a river), 274, 278, 315, 316, 355, 358, 401, 421, 423, 427, 452 Padmaka (a kind of Yogasana).-See under 'Asanas' above. Padma-purana (or, Padma), 31-33, 250, 308, 339, 345, 346, 358, 360, 362, 391, 397, 510, 513 Paisaciki bhasa.-See under 'Mlecchadialect' above. Palestine, 16 Pali, 105, 188 Panca-deva, 320, 342, 363 Panca-parvan (Krsna-janmastami, etc.), 320, 357 Pancaratra, 1, 74, 83, 162-3 (pro-Vedic), 175, 178, 191, 193, 330, 378, 494. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects' above. Pancaratra Samhitas, 157, 160, 163-5, 186 Pancatantra, 395 Pancayatana-puja, 91, 326, 342, 363, 364, 395, 434 Pandavas. Their origin, descendants and activities, 288-9
INDEX Panini, 117, 143, 151, 152, 181, 182, 184, 187, 315, 360 Parasara, 42, 287, 289, 411, 457 Parasara-smrti, 234, 237, 372, 393, 478, 487, 492, 493, 495, 497, 507 Parasara-upapurana, 477 Parasurama, 50, 225 Pargiter (F. E.), 187, 347 Parisistas (of the Vedas), 63 Parvati, 5, 20, 24, 26, 29, 213, 266-9, 383, 427. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Parvatiyas (i.e., the local people, including Brahmins, of Kamarupa), 32-34. Paryaya-nanartha-kosa carya), 11 (of JatadharaPasanda (or, Pasandin), 43, 46, 47, 59, 76, 82, 152, 153, 158-160, 162, 238, 328, 332, 362 (extra-Vedic), 432, 446, 458, 460 Pasandasastra, 71, 157, 158, 238 Pasupata, 1, 75, 193, 330, 331. See also under 'Herctical (pasanda) sects' above. Pasupata Vrata, 164 Patakas, Mahapatakas (heinous crimes), 430, 447-8 Patanjali, 183, 188 Patriarchal system of society, 18 Patrika, 7-10 Patrika-pravesa (or, Patri-pravesa), 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 190, 231, 271, 272, 278, 467, 472 Patrika-puja, 5, 7-9, 217, 231 Patta-dora, 4 Pavitra (sacred thread), 217 (names of different kinds of). Pausanias, 16 Pauskara-samhita, 165-175, 178, 179, 181, 182, 184, 186, 187 Penance (prayascitta), 32, 65, 66 (various kinds of), 193, 327 (Candrayana, etc.). Persia, 16 Personal names, such as Alarka, Damana, Dharmadeva, Gosvamin (of a Brahmin agriculturist), Kalaketu, Krtabodha (of a Brahmin), Kuladeva, Sirabhadra (of a Vaisya farmer), Srimanta Sadagara (of a merchant), Suvarcas, Taskaravallabha, Tuladhara (of a fowler), Tumburu, Uparicara, Vinatasva (or, 561 Vinitasva), Yajnasarma, etc., 58, 213, 214, 385, 390-391, 399, 401, 445, 453, 458 Phoenicia, 25 Phrygian, 16 Physician (cikitsaka), 56, 61, 321, 429, 432, 486 Pinasa (a disease), 22 Pisaca, 19, 20, 46, 54 Pischel (R.), 143 Pitamaha (Brahma), 500 Pitambara Siddhantavagisa, 32, 33 Pitha-nirnaya, 49 Pithardha (a Yogasana).-See under 'Asanas' above. Pithas, 49, 50, 146, 214, 218 (names and position of), 223, 224, 254, 265, 266 (fiftyone), 273 (Yoni-), 277 (fiftyone), 308 (siddha-), 357-8 (siddha-), 403, 415-6 (siddha-, maha-), 455, 456, 465 Pitr-bhakti (of Sridatta Upadhyaya), 192 Pitrs (patriarchs), 51, 197 (Agnisvatta, Barhisad, Somapa, Sukalin, etc.), 203, 364, 429 (-tarpana), 487 (classification of), 495, 496, 500 Places sacred to Devi and other deities. Their names: Amaresa, Amratakesvara, Anga, Avanti, Ayodhya, Badari, Bhadravata, Bhairava, Bhottadesa, Brahmatirtha, Campa, Cidambaram, Cina, Citragopa, Cola, Dandaka, Devadaruvana (or, Daruvana), Devikuta, Dharmaranya, Dipta- cakresvara, Dvaravati, Ekahamsa, Ekamra-ksetra (or, Ekamra), Gandaki-samgama, Gamgadvara, Ganga-sagara (Ganga-sagarasamgama), Ganga-tira, Gaya, Gokarna, Haridvara, Hariharaksetra, Hastinapura, Jalandhara (or, Jalandhara), Jambukanatha, Jambukesvara, Japye- svara, Kailasa, Kamakhya, Kamarupa, Kamarusthala, Kanakhala, Kanci (viz., Siva-kanci and Visnu-kanci), Kanva- srama, Kanyakubja, Kasi, Kasika- srama, Kasikavana, Kasmira, Kaverisamgama, Kedara, Kiskindhya, Kokamukha, Kolapura, Kolu, Kosala, Kotitirtha, Kuruksetra, Kusasthala, Kusasthali, Lamka, Mahakala, Mahasthana, Mahismati (capital of Kartaviryarjuna), Mahodaya, Makota, Malaya, Manaksa, Mandara, Manidvipa, Mathura, Matr- 36
562 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS pura, Mundipitha, Naimisa, Nakula, Narakala, Nava-durga-sthala, Nepala, Odra, Osadhiprastha, Prabhasa, Prayaga, Prthudaka, Pundarika, Pundravardhana, Purnagiri, Purusattomaksetra (also called Purusottama or Sripurusottama), Puskara, Radha, Ramesvara, Rudra-mahalaya, Samatata, Samkare- svara, Sarasvati-tata, Simhala, Srinagara, Stri-rajya, Sukalanta, (Tirabhukti), Trikuta, Triveni (Muktaveni), Tryambaka, Tuljapura,Turanda, Uddiyana, Udra-desa, Ujjayani, Ujjayini, Vaideha, Vaidisa, Vaidyanatha, Vanga, Varanasi, Vardhamana, Varendra, Vedaranya, Venudanda, Vidisa, Vikata, Vinasana, Viraja, Vrndavana, and so on, 47-52, 54, 57, 60-62, 67, 79-80, 83, 85, 146, 161, 201, 202, 208, 214, 216-8, 226, 231, 249, 261, 274, 284, 294, 297, 300, 302, 308, 309, 317-320, 323, 326-7, 358, 359, 373, 379, 380, 398, 401-4, 419, 422, 424, 451-2, 455-6, 465 Planets, 38, 42, 46, 51 (sacrifice to, and names, classification, etc. of), 54, 57, 76, 223, 312, 376 (pacification of), 379, 431 (worship of), 434-6 Poets (praise of), 410 Poison-girl, 41 Poleman, 285, 338, 473 Policies of statecraft, 41 Political theories and works, 40 (of Brahma, Sambhu, Usanas and Visnu) 91 (of Sambhu and others). Prakrta-sabdanusasana (of Trivikramadeva), 109, 122, 143, 144 Prakrti (Adya, Mula-, Para), 24-26, 30, 42, 200, 233, 261-3, 268, 276 (description of), 313 (five forms and innumerable parts of), 315 (fivefold), 321, 322, 329, 412, 413 Pralaya, 204, 205 (akalika). Pramathas, 205 (classification and description of), 263, 265 Prasthana-bheda (of Madhusudana Sarasvati), 477 Pratimoksa-sutra, 147, 148 Pratyangira-devi, 50 Prayascitta-prakarana bhatta), 454 (of BhavadevaPrayascitta-viveka (of Sulapani), 72 Preta-kaumudi (of Pitambara Siddhantavagisa), 32 Printz, 344 Procession, 42, 47 Prostitute, 56, 62, 217 Proverbs, 360-361, 454 Prthivi (the Earth-goddess).-See under 'Earth' above. Prthu (son of Vena), 440-5 (story of the birth and activities of). See also under 'Kings' above. Public women, 43. See also under 'Harlots' and 'Prostitute' above. Public works (such as establishment of hospitals and poor-houses, construction of dams, planting of trees, digging of wells and tanks, and so on), 192-3, 375-6, 385, 486, 498 Politics (raja-niti), 39, 228 (discourse on), Puja-mandapa, 5, 7 462 Popular hymns and songs, 161, 165 Pracina (Smrti-karas), 14 Prahelika, 484 Prajapati, 196, 262, 373 Pragjyotisa (also called Vajradhvajapura), 32, 207-211 (city of), 217, 232, 233 Pragjyotisapura, 245, 246 Prajapatya Samhita, 179 Prakrit (language), 94, 103, 105, 143, 144, 146, 148, 151, 156 (Magadha, Daksi- natya, etc.), 166, 180 (Magadha, Daksinatya, etc.), 181-4, 187-8, 446,485 Prakritism, 148, 149, 186 Prakrta-prakasa (of Vararuci), 143, 144 Pukkasa (or, Pukvasa).-See under 'Tribes' below. Pulinda (a Mleccha tribe).-See under "Tribes' below. Pundravardhana, 326, 356, 358. See also under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Punic Africa, 25 Pura. See under 'Cities (pura)' above. Puranas. Their classification, numbers, titles and extents, 71, 285-6, 373, 398, 409-410, 458, 476-9, 481, 482, 490, 491, 501-512 Puranic method of worship, 29 Puranic Saktism.-See under 'Saktism' below.
Puri (in Orissa), 83 Purusa, 24, 42 INDEX Purusartha-cintamani (of Visnubhatta Adavalya), 488 Purusottama (also called Purusottamaksetra and Sripurusottama,--Puri).- See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Purva-mimamsa-sutra (of Jaimini), 154, 155 Purva-sindhu, 49 Puskara. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Puskara-dvipa.-See above. Puskara-purana, 509-510 under 'Dvipa' Puspabhadra (name of a place), 31, 253 Puspadanta (a Gana), 48 Puspakhya-vidya.-See under 'Vidyas (mystic)' below. Pusya-snana, 46, 54-5 (method of), 229 (method of). Radha (or, Radhika), 262, 270, 272, 273, 277, 280, 313-5 (conception of, and origin of the universe from), 316, 318, 321-4, 330, 340, 356 Radha. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Ragas. See under 'Songs' below. Raghavan (V.), 196, 234, 235, 243 Raghunandana, 2, 10, 12-15, 70-73, 78, 79, 83, 92, 180, 231, 234-6, 239-241, 244, 248, 258, 339, 370, 389, 393, 466- 470, 472, 473, 477, 478, 481, 482, 484, 488, 490, 491 Raghunathendra-sivayogi, 196 Raghuvamia (of Kalidasa), 23 Raginis. See under 'Songs' below. Rahu (a 'chaya-graha'), 51 Raja-jivana De Dasa, 260, 459 Rajaki (washerwoman), 41 Raja-martanda (of Bhoja), 3, 7-9, Rajani. See under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. 393 Rajasena (a king).-See under 'Kings' above. Raja-tarangini (of Kalhana), 479 Rajaniti-sastras, 258 (of Brhaspati and Usanas). Rajni (wife of Surya), 379 Raksas, 20 563 Raksasas (such as Kumbhakarna, Vibhi- sana and others), 28, 29, 39, 54, 207, 265, 269-271, 293, 301, 332 Raktadantika, 5, 10, 28 Rama (i.e., Balarama).-See under 'Halayudha' above. Rama (Bhargava or Jamadagnya), 226, 226-8 (story of his birth and activities), 257, 416, 501. See also under 'Jamadagnya' above. Rama (son of Dasaratha), 3, 4, 206, 217, 231, 269-272 (story of intoduction of Durga-puja in autumn by), 278, 281, 293, 295 (his performance of Navaratravrata at Kiskindhya), 296, 298, 299, 313, 317, 356, 357, 405, 416, 424, 464 Ramayana (of Valmiki), 87, 182, 183, 187, 269, 295, 298, 299, 376, 379, 394, 398, 405, 410 (called Mahakavya), 411, 412, 456, 464 Ramayana (of Krttivasa), 464 Rangacharya (M.), 195, 492 Rasa-krida (or, Rasotsava or Rasa), 272, 313, 314, 316, 320-322, 406-9, 446, 451, 460 Rasas (sentiments, viz., Srngara, Santi, etc.), 342 (nine), 360 (nine), 416, 419 Rasatala, 39 Rasa-yatra-viveka (of Sulapani), 244 Rasi (zodiacal sign), 52, 65, 75, 243, 280, 341, 394, 486, 492 Rastrapala-pariprccha, 146 Ratha-yatra (of Devi and other deities). -See under 'Car-festival' above. Rati (wife of Kamadeva), 54, 197-8, 200, 296, 348, 350, 351 Ratnapala (king of Kamarupa), Ratna-pancaka, 500 251 Ravana, 3, 4, 206, 207, 217, 231, 269, 270, 272, 296, 313, 317, 356, 405, 416 Results of actions (karma-vipaka), 38, 58,296, 319, 320, 374, 424, 487 Reva-khanda (of the Skanda-purana), 478, 479, 492, 502-4, 509 Reva-mahatmya (of the Skanda-purana), 478, 479, 503, 504, 509 Revanta (son of Surya), 303 Revati, 44, 48 Rgveda, 23, 62 (divisions and schools of), 87, 135, 163 Rhinoceros, 219, 319 Rice (Lewis), 284
564 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Rites, 1, 2, 7-9, 11, 12, 31, 43, 45, 80 (malevolent, pacificatory), 81, 83-5, 152 (malevolent), 153, 164 (nonBrahmanical), 165 (extra-Vedic), 251, 362 (Vedic), 406, 442 (Vedic), 444 (Vaidika, Smarta, Agamika), 451, 460 (to be observed in Asadha, Karttika, Magha and Vaisakha). Rivers, such as Ajaya (in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal), Alakananda, Bhadra, Bhagirathi, Bhavika, Brahmaputra (also called Brahma-nada, Lauhitya and Lohita-gamga), Candrabhaga (also called Puspabhadra), Devika, Drsadvati, Gandaki, Ganga, Godavari, Gomati, Hughli, Iravati, Jatodbhava, Kanta, Karatoya, Kausiki, Kaveri, Mahasona, Narmada (called the centre of the earth-mahi-madhyam), Padma (or, Padmavati), Papahara, Revati, Sarasvati, Sarayu, Sindhu, Sipra, Sita, Subhaga, Tapi, Vaitarani, Vamksu, Vetravati, Vindhya, Viraja, Yamuna, and so on, 26, 43, 47-9, 51, 55, 57, 61, 79, 92, 153, 192, 201-3, 208, 209, 212-5, 217, 221-3 (including many others of Kamarupa), 225, 228, 230-231, 245, 266, 274, 279, 297, 302, 311, 315, 318, 320, 324, 342, 348, 373, 401, 403, 420, 422, 423, 452, 457 Romaharsana (Suta), 298 Roth (R.), 195, 260, 397 Rovindaka (a song), 237 Roy (Jogesh Chandra), 245, 254, 448, 455, 457, 461 Rudra (or, Maharudra or Rudras), 21, 22, 24, 25, 38, 44, 51, 52, 58, 69, 204, 291, 340, 364, 373, 413-5, 473, 480, 500 Rudradhara Upadhyaya (or, Rudradhara), 3, 5, 11, 72, 234, 237, 396 Rudraksa, 325-6 (origin of). Rudra-mahalaya.-See under sacred to Devi and other deities'. Rudra-purana, 510 'Places Rudra-yamala-tantra, 195, 254-6, 474 Ruru (a descendant of Bhrgu), 290 Sabda-candrika (of Cakrapani-datta), 11 Sabda-kalpadruma, 71, 466, 470, 478, 481, 489, 504 Sachau (E. C.), 479, 491, 495, 511 Saci (wife of Indra), 54, 405. See also under 'Females' above. Sacraments (samskara), 420 (namakarana, upanayana), 442. See also under 'Vidyarambha' below. Sacrifices, such as Asvamedha, Gomedha, Naramedha (Mahamedha, Purusamedha), etc., 52, 57, 200-1, 205, 206-7, 263-5, 273, 288, 290, 293, 301, 302, 304, 322, 323, 398, 413-5, 433 Sadacara (or, Samacara or Sistacara), 12, 229, 258, 325 Sadasiva Misra (Ganaka), 511 Sad-deva (six deities-Ganesa and others), 322, 323, 332 Saddharma-pundarika, 97, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150 Sagara (a king), 420-1. See also under 'Kings' above. Sages (such as Agastya, Ajigarta, Angiras, Antariksa, Aruna, Asita, Astavakra, Astika, Atri, Aurva, Bahvrca, Balaja, Balakhilyas, Bharadvaja, Bhrgu, Brhaspati, Cyavana, Durvasas, Gautama, Jahnu, Jatukarna, Javali, Kamatha, Kapila, Kapota, Katyayana, Kavya, Kratu, Krtanjaya, Mandavya, Marici, Markandeya, Nara, Narada (called 'kalaha-priya'-fond of quarrel), Narayana, Pulastya, Rcika, Sanaka, Sanatkumara, Sarasvata, Satananda, Saunaka, Svetasvatara, Tridhaman, Trivrsa, Vasistha, Visvamitra, Yavakrita, and others) and their activities, 34, 37- 39, 41, 42, 65, 67, 69, 70, 179, 196-7, 199, 200, 202, 204-7, 210-215, 217, 221, 223-4, 226-9, 231, 235, 236, 255, 257, 258, 261-3, 266, 274-5, 277, 285, 286, 294, 297-9, 302, 305, 307, 310, 311, 318, 321, 323-4, 372, 373, 382, 398, 411-2, 422, 427-8, 500, 501 Saha-marana, 496 Sahitya-darpana (of Visvanatha), 82 Saiva, 25, 26, 31, 34, 42, 47, 179 (works), 180 (teachers), 233, 277, 282, 310, 327, 329-334, 335 (Vedic), 344, 362 (extraVedic), 377, 404, 417, 448, 462, 464, 480, 481 (Puranic). Saiva (being the same as Siva-purana mentioned below), 240, 508 Saivadharma (being the same as Sivadharma mentioned below), 508
Saivaka, 508. See 'Siva-purana' below. Saiva-sastra, 359, 360 INDEX Saiva Yoga.-Its description, 42, 92 Saivism, 31, 32, 34 (popular), 36, 345 (Agamic), 462 (Tantric). Saka-dvipa.-See under 'Dvipas' above. Saka-dvipi Brahmins, 440 Sakambhari, 20, 28, 29, 44. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Sakatayana (a grammarian), 315 Sakra, 19, 37, 70, 229 (-puja), 320 (-puja), 348-351, 364 Sakta, 34, 194, 233, 238, 277 (Saiva-, Vaisnava-), 282, 310, 320, 327, 330- 334, 340, 341, 359 (Smarta-), 417, 460, 462-4 Sakta (deity, cult, theology, philosophy, work, etc.), 1, 15, 20, 22, 30, 36, 49, 179, 231, 254, 308, 320, 329, 330, 333, 377, 404, 448, 464, 481, 489 Sakti, 1, 2, 27, 28, 34, 36, 40, 46, 49, 59, 197, 233, 276, 285, 286 (sattviki, rajasi, tamasi), 288 (tamasi), 292 (Mahasarasvati, Mahalaksmi, Mabakali), 307, 320, 322-3, 330 (sattviki, rajasi, tamasi), 331, 333, 340, 427, 463, 464, 481 Sakti (a weapon), 209, 211, 226 Sakti-ratnakara, 459 Saktis (of Brahma and other gods).- Their names: Aindri (or, Mahendri), Brahmani (or, Brahmi), Kaumari (or, Karttiki), Mahesvari, Narasimhi, Vais- navi, Varahi, etc., 5, 10, 27, 44, 49, 52, 58, 65, 292, 293, 297, 401 565 Sama-veda, 62, 63 (divisions and schools of), 163, 316, 321, 323, 359 Samaya-pradipa (of Sridatta Upadhyaya), 3, 72, 234 Samba-purana, 77, 236, 243, 483, 491, 492 Samdhya (prayer), 326-7 (method of performance of), 332, 429, 431 Samdhya (the mind-born daughter of Brahma), 196, 203, 262, 268, 270, 413 Samkaracarya, 363, 365, 395, 422, 447, 457 Samkhya-karika, 91 Samkhya (system of philosophy), 24-26, 42, 44, 155, 193, 311, 363, 373, 416, 420 Samkranti, 45 (different kinds of), 46 Samvatsara-pradipa, 2, 3, 5-8, 10-12, 15, 73, 235 (Gauda-), 260, 370, 371, 393, 470, 472, 473 Samvatsaras, 51 (sixty kinds of). Sanaiscara, 201, 202, 231 Sanatkumara, 42. See also under 'Sages' above. Sankhacuda (husband of Tulasi), 318 Sanskrit literature.-Its branches such as Akhyayika, Itihasa, Jyotih-sastra, Kavya, Nataka, Vaidya-sastra, Vina- sastra, etc., 59, 91. See also under 'Akhyayika', 'Itihasa', etc. Santanu. See under 'Kings' above. Santi (pacificatory rite), 80, 191, 376 (Graha-, Vinayaka-). Santideva, 146 Saptasati-stotra (i.e., Candi), 342 Sarabha, 204-6, 216, 219, 251 Sarada-mangala-kavya Sena), 280 Saktism, 16 (Puranic), 17, 30, 34 (Tantric), Sarada-purana, 488-9 35, 36, 67, 230, 233, 276, 283, 340, 462 (Tantric), 464-6 Sakti-worship, 1, 15-17, 78, 80, 195, 333, 415 Saktri (father of Parasara), 42, 398 Sakya (Buddha), 155, 156 Salagrama-sila, 316, 318 (classification and praise of), 319, 322, 323 Salastambha (king of Kamarupa), 32 Salavahana (or, Srisalavahana,- -a king), 445, 459 Sali (rice), 499 Samadhiraja-sutra, 146 Samatata. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Saraha, 185 (of Siva-candra Sarasvata. See under 'Sages' above. Sarasvati, 44, 49, 203, 262, 274, 314-7, 320 (-puja), 375, 377, 401, 404, 410, 412, 417, 419, 424, 425, 427, 447 Sarat (autumn).-See under 'Seasons' below. Sarma (Tirthanath), 246, 251, 252, 254 Sarva-sastrartha-samgraha (of Madhusudana Sarasvati), 344 Sarvatobhadra (a Yogasana).-See under 'Asanas' above. Sasthi (a deity), 313, 323 (story of), 425 Sastras (of Devi, Mangala, Nanda and others), 47, 48, 52, 91, 156
566 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Sastri (P. P. S.), 195, 285, 368, 369, 371, 473, 492 Sasya-veda (science of agriculture).- See under 'Vidyas (branches of learning)' below. Satakratu-mahotsava.-The Indra-dhvaja-mahotsava above. Satapatha-brahmana, 22, 87 Satarupa, 262, 413 Satasahasrika-prajnaparamita, 147 same as mentioned Sati, 2, 26, 44, 49, 196, 199-204, 211, 230, 231, 233, 245, 262-5 (marriage of), 265-6 (Chaya-), 268, 281, 307-8, 357, 358, 413-8, 423, 455, 458, 462 Sati-purana, 1, 259, 336 Sat-karma (six malevolent acts-marana, uccatana, etc.), 264, 282, 365,414, 422 Satru-bali, 9, 10, 45, 80-85, 90, 220, 229, 271, 278 Sattrimsan-mata, 154, 164 Satvata-samhita, 165, 178, 179 Satya (an author), 3, 6, 19, 258, 474 Satyavat (husband of Savitri), 319 Satyavati (Matsyagandha), 44, 286, 287, 288-9 (story of the birth and marriage of). Saukeya (Upapurana), 478, 489. See also under 'Nandi-purana'. Saukra (Upapurana).-See under 'Ausanasa-upapurana" above. Sen (Dinesh Chandra), 438, 439, 455 Seraka (or, Sera,-a measurement of weight), 430, 458 Sexual promiscuity, 19 Shafi (Mohammad), 243 Shastri (Durgashankar), 347 Shastri (Haraprasad), 36, 158, 195, 196, 235, 254, 260, 279, 280, 284, 338, 344, 345, 368, 397, 457, 469, 471, 473, 474, 476, 478, 488, 492, 504, 505, 511, 513 Shastri (Hrishikesh), 35, 68, 195, 284, 285, 369, 469 Ship (pota, pota, poti), 54, 90 Siddha (a semi-divine being), 20 Siddha-hema-sabdanusasana (of Hemacandra), 106, 109, 117, 121, 143, 144 Siddhanta-sastra, 59, 193 Siddha-pithas.-See under 'Pithas' above. Siddha-senani, 20 Sidhu, 18 Siksa-samuccaya, 146, 147 Silver. Its origin, 487 Simha, 19, 26, 30, 219 Simhala. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Simhavahini. See under different forms and names'. 'Devi.-Her Sins and sinners (their classification), 374-5 Sircar (Dinesh Chandra), 233, 254 Sista, 5, 8, 9, 12, 468 Saura, 282, 310, 320, 329-334, 377, 378, Sisupala-vadha 404 Saura-purana (or, Saura), 240, 389, 491-3, 511, 512 Savara (a Mleccha tribe).-See under 'Tribes' below. Savarotsava, 6, 7, 11, 19, 90, 217, 231, 278, 451, 468 Savitri, 33, 44, 203, 262, 318-321 (story of her birth and saving her husband's life), 320 (-puja), 321, 379, 412 Sayana (or, Sayanacarya), 22, 87 Sayya-dana-vidhi, 33 Scribe, 36, 60, 316, 361, 376, 441, 485 Seasons (such as autumn, spring, winter, etc.), 2, 3, 20-23, 211, 220, 269, 294, 348, 381, 382, 472, 495 Sect-marks (Tripundra, Urdhvapundra, Taptamudra, etc., and also those of Sankha, Cakra, Gada, Padma, etc.), 325-6, 328, 430, 473, 494 (of Magha), 243, 257 Sita (wife of Rama), 207 (story of the birth of), 269 (Laksmi reborn as), 270, 293, 295, 298, 299, 317-8, 379, 405 Siva (also called Hara, Isa, Isana, Mahadeva, Sambhu, Samkara, etc.), 24-29, 31, 34-42, 44, 47-9, 57, 61 (different forms of), 62, 64, 65, 69, 74, 90, 145, 161, 164, 165 (-Pasupati), 191, 193 (-sastras), 196-204, 209-210, 212-5 (names of his faces, etc.), 224, 228, 239, 251, 256, 258, 261-9, 273, 274 (called 'matsya-priya'-fond of fish), 285, 307-8, 310, 316 (his song), 317, 321-6, 330, 332-4, 342, 356 (his song), 357, 363-5, 372-3, 375, 381, 384, 398, 400, 402, 403 (Vaidyanatha), 404, 412-421, 425, 427, 434-5, 447, 450, 461, 463-4, 473, 480, 481, 485, 494, 500 Siva, 5, 10, 17, 26, 29, 37, 39, 49, 54, 58, 321-3, 326, 332, 342
Siva-candra Sena, 280 Siva-carita, 49 Sivadharma, 470, 471, 476, 482, 508 Sivadharmottara, 179, 180, 471 Siva-duti, 27 Siva-linga. See under 'Linga' above. Sivamrta, 215, 258 Siva-puja-krama, 460 INDEX Soma, 287, 288, 304, 379, 384 Soma-purana, 511 567 Songs, 43 (of public women), 58, 59 (of females), 165 (popular), 237, 273, 316, 356, 381, 383, 405 (amorous), 408 (Malasi), 409, 418-9 (detailed with the names of Ragas, Raginis, etc.), 435, 450 (Malasi), 451 (amorous), 453-4 Siva-purana (or, Saiva or Saivaka), 79, 240, Sonitapura (capital of Banasura), 209 344, 346, 358, 508, 510 Siva-purana (Bengal), 79, 194, 242 Siva-rahasya, 13 Sivarcana-dipika, 344, 358 Siva-sahasra-nama-stotra, 279, 281 Siva-siddhantas, 52, 91 Siva-stotra, 474 Siva-tattva, 41 Sivotsava. See under 'Festivals'. (It is the same as 'Caitra-puja', for which see above). Skanda, 39, 46, 51, 54, 311, 313, 323, 476, 478 Skanda (a malevolent deity), 9, 80, 81,84 Skanda-purana (or, Skanda), 17, 231, 284, 337-9, 352, 389, 475-480, 491-2, 501-4, 509 Skanda Upapurana, 476-7, 489. (It is the same as the 'Nandi-purana', for which see above). Smarta, 9, 31, 75, 157, 241 (Sakta). Smith (Vincent), 347 Smrti, 5, 7, 12-15, 84, 155, 161, 325, 333-4, 420, 501-2 Southern India, 3, 8, 11, 14, 17, 82, 318, 357-8 Spartan, 16 Spiritual guide (guru).-See under 'Guru' above. Spurious Puranas (viz., Tarksya, Brahma, Agneya, etc.), 74, 82, 159-160, 239 Sraddha, 33, 153, 154, 192, 289-290, 312, 322, 392, 405, 425, 432, 487, 493, 495, 513 Sraddha-cintamani (of Vacaspati-misra), 72, 192, 493 Sraddha-kaumudi (of Govindananda Kavikankanacarya), 72, 83, 190, 192, 244, 493 Sraddha-viveka (of Rudradhara), 72, 192 Sraddha-viveka (of Sulapani), 72, 192, 235 Sri. See under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Sribhasya (of Ramanuja), 178 Sridama, 272 Sridatta Upadhyaya (or, Sridatta), 2, 3, 72, 74, 234, 478 Sridhara (guru of Saiva Nilakantha), 344 Sridhara Svamin, 338, 344, 345 Smrti-candrika (of Devanabhatta), 154, Srighosa-vajrasasana, 50 164, 492, 493, 495, 500, 511 Smrti-nibandha, 2, 71, 158, 193, 475, 483, 495 Smrti-ratnahara (of Brhaspati Rayamukuta), 478 Smrti-tattva (of Raghunandana), 2-8, 13, 14, 71, 72, 92, 180, 190, 192, 193, 231, 234, 235, 237, 240, 244, 248, 258, 389, 393, 408, 472, 473, 476-8, 480, 481, 484, 486, 489, 491-3, 495-7, 500, 504 Smrti-writers, 3, 8, 12, 13, 82-4, 157, 159, 189, 235, 242, 370, 372, 468, 482, 493 Smrtyartha-sara, 493 Sodara (a holy spring in Kashmir), 479, 480 Soka-rahita, 5, 10 Srikara, 74, 75, 241 Srinatha Acarya-cudamani (or, Srinatha), 2, 5-8, 10-12, 15, 72, 235, 244, 258, 389, 454 Sritirtha-svamin, 280, 459 Sruti, 155, 161, 325, 333-5 Stava. See under 'Hymn' above. Stein (M.A.), 284, 368, 369, 397, 474, 480 Sthalika (a kind of Yogasana).-See under 'Asanas' above. Stotra. See under 'Hymn' above. Stri-rajya, 50 Subhankara-pataka, 253 395 Subhasita-trisati (of Bhartrhari), Suddhi-cintamani (of Vacaspati-misra), 234, 237
568 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Suddhi-kaumudi (of Govindananda Kavikankanacarya), 83, 244 Suddhi-viveka (of Rudradhara), 234, 237 Sudra, 56, 59, 66, 93, 164, 193, 229, 277, 286, 300, 316, 320, 332, 361, 400, 428, 430 (duties of), 437, 439, 441, 442, 446, 448, 449 Suhma (a country), 80 Suhma (a tribe).-See under "Tribes' below. Suka (son of Vyasa), 57, 287-8 (story of the birth of), 340, 341, 398, 412, 461 Sukalanta. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Sukhavati-vyuha, 146, 149, 151 Svadha (wife of the Pitrs), 322 (story and worship of). Svaha (wife of Agni), 322 (story and worship of). Svami Vijnanananda, 284 Svara-bhakti (Anaptyxis), 140 Svastika (a Yogasana).-See 'Asanas' above. Svayamvara (marriage).-Its under three varities. (See under 'Marriage' above). Sveta.-See under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names.' Svetaparajita.-See under 'Creepers' above. Svetasvatara-upanisad, 360 Sukra (or, Sukracarya), 39, 41, 47, 48, Swing, 54, 382 60, 69, 70, 420 Sukthankar (Vikrama Samvat), 344 Sulapani, 2, 4-8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 72, 74, 75, 190, 195, 231, 232, 235, 241, 244, 245, 258, 370, 393, 467-9, 471, 472, 482 Sumalin (son of Naraka), 211 Sumati (beloved of Gajanana), 50 Sumedhasa (a king of Kraunca-dvipa).- See under 'Kings' above. Sun (a god), 38, 91, 191, 209, 222 (-temple), 366, 372, 378, 494, 498 (twelve forms of), 499-501 Sunahsepha, 302, 305 Sundarvans, 19 Suparna. See under 'Garuda' above. Sura, 17-19, 231, 448, 458, 459 Surabhi (the divine cow), 323 (story of). Suramisra, 513 Sylhet (district), 260 Syria, 16 Systems of philosophy (viz., Vedanta, Mimamsa, Nyaya, Patanjala, Samkhya and Vaisesika), 24-6, 42, 66, 155, 163-4, 193, 283, 311, 328, 363, 373, 416, 420, 447. See also under 'Samkhya' and 'Vedanta'. Sythian, 23 Tadpatrikar (S. N.), 337 Tahakala, 10 Taittiriya-aranyaka, 17, 24, 25 Taittiriya-brahmana, 22, 23 Taittiriya-samhita (of the Black Yajurveda), 21 Taksaka, 290 Tamil, 17 Surnames (for Brahmins and others), Tamluk, 80, 90 428, 449 Surya (also called Aditya, Bhanu, Bhaskara, etc.), 42, 51, 52, 54, 55, 61, 90, 230, 235, 236, 255, 317, 319, 320 (-puja), 322, 323, 326, 330, 332, 342, 363-5, 384, 404, 425, 434, 494, 498, 500, 501 Surya-purana, 493. Suta, 187, 261, 262, 285-7, 363, 397, 398, 427, 437 (a caste), 443 (a caste), 493 Suvarna (a coin), 483, 487 Suvarnabhasottama-sutra, 146-7 Suvrtta (son of the divine Boar), 204, 205 Tanka (a Mleccha tribe).-See under 'Tribes' below. Tantra, 20, 22, 34, 46, 47, 59, 64, 71, 82, 83, 91, 92, 145, 152, 160, 179 (Sakta), 184 (Buddhist), 186 (Buddhist, Hindu), 246, 283, 310, 325, 331, 334, 335, 359 (Sakti-), 360 (Sakti-), 400, 414, 416, 417, 430, 462, 463, 465 Tantra-cudamani, 49, 403. Tantraloka (of Abhinavagupta), 345 Tantras (such as Bala-tantra, Bhutatantra, Bhairava-tantra, Bhairavitantra, Devi-tantra, Durga-tantra, Garuda-tantra, Kala-tantra, Kamakhya-tantra, Kamesvari-tantra, Matr-
INDEX tantra, Mula-tantra, Nitya-tantra, Sarada-tantra, Tripura-tantra, Ugracanda-tantra, Uma-tantra, Uttaratantra, Vaisnavi-tantra, etc.), 41, 47, 59, 91-2, 145, 146, 216, 218, 259 Tantra-sara (of Krsnananda Agamavagisa), 244, 507 Tantra-varttika (of Kumarila-bhatta), 155, 156 Tantric (character, elements, influence, practices, etc.), 21, 34, 41, 57, 71, 73, 74, 82, 83, 92, 93, 145, 146, 159, 186, 194, 215, 238, 239, 241, 242, 245, 255, 266, 270, 271, 282, 283, 296, 300, 310, 315, 327, 335, 336, 339, 342, 347, 351, 394, 400, 408, 425, 430, 444, 458-9, 462, 471-3, 479, 505 Tantricism, 34 (Vamacara), 82, 223 (Vamacara), 231, 239, 242, 245, 246, 255, 256, 282, 283, 336, 339, 462, 492 Tantrik, 75, 76, 82, 145, 158-160, 238, 338, 399 Tapta-mudrankitas, 325, 328, 330-332 Tara, 48, 51 Tara (wife of Brhaspati), 288 Tarakesvara, 505 Tarkaratna (Pancanana), 260 Tarksya (Purana), 74, 82, 159, 160, 239 Tejpur, 252 Temples (and their construction, decoration, repair, etc.), 46, 48, 52-54, 57-9, 61, 65, 80, 90, 233 (Saiva), 373, 425, 486 Thief (or, Thieving), 46, 58, 496 Tibet, 33 Tibetan Buddhists, 33 Tibetan (translation), 152 Tiger (vyaghra), 19 (Royal Bengal), 21, 33, 219 Tilaka (a commentary on the Devibhagavata), 79, 284, 344-6, 358 Tilaka (a sect-mark).-See under 'Sectmarks' above. Tilottama (an Apsaras).-See under 'Apsarases' above. Time. Its division, praise, etc., 51, 204, 404 (called 'tirtha'), 409 (called 'tirtha'). Tirabhukti. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. 569 60, 61, 404, 409. See also under 'Holy places' and 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Tirtha-cintamani (of Vacaspati-misra), 72, 83, 192 Tithi, 4, 11, 29, 45-47, 54, 59, 74, 158, 159, 190, 192, 199, 229, 238, 270, 271, 278, 294, 319-321, 375, 395, 398, 404-7, 431, 451, 498-500 Tithi-nirnaya (of Candesvara TThakkura), 191, 393 Tithi-tattva (of Raghunandana), 13, 14, 235 (Gauda), 470 Tithi-viveka (of Sulapani), 393 Tittiri (an authority), 22 Towns (and their construction), 36, 37, 43, 55-57, 90 Transcaspia, 16 Trees and plants (such as Aksayavata, Amalaki, Amra, Arjuna, Asoka, Asvakarna, Asvattha, Bilva, Bubula, Candana, Dadima, Dhanya, Dhava, Haridra, Jayanti, Kacci or Kacvi or Kacu, Kadali, Kimsuka, Madhuka, Manaka or Mana or Mana-kacu, Priyangu, Rambha, Saka, Sala, Tilaka, Tulasi, Udumbara or Udumbara, Vakula, Yava, etc.), 3-7, 9-12, 14, 15, 43, 90, 226, 227, 276, 280, 312, 313, 315, 318, 348, 358, 377 (deified), 378 (deified), 401-3, 454-5 Tribes (such as Abhira, Andhra, Candala, Huna, Kaivarta, Kamboja, Kapalin, Khara, Khasa, Kirata, Mleccha, Nisada, Pukkasa or Pukvasa, Pulinda, Savara, Suhma, Tanka, Tudu, Vanga, Varvara, Yavana, etc.), 7, 16-21, 25, 26, 31, 33 (head-hunting), 43, 46, 49, 67, 93, 208, 231, 275, 288, 297, 320, 383, 440 Tridhaman (a sage).-See under 'Sages' above. Trikanda-sesa, 49, 403 Trimurti, 54 Tripura (the city destroyed by Siva), 481, 487 Tristhali-setu (of Narayanabhatta), 491, 494, 495 Trisula-dharins, 330 Trivikramadeva, 109, 122, 143, 144 Trnabindu, 234-6, 255 Tirtha (relating to time and place), 57, Tryambaka, 213
570 Tryambaka Mate, 259 Tryambaka Oka, 478 Tsawlaw (a place), 33 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Tudu (a tribe).-See under 'Tribes' above. Tulasi, 317-8 (story of the birth and marriage of), 333, 401-2 (story of the origin of), 406, 424, 425 Turanda. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Turuska-dhupa, 47 Tvastr, 300-301 Tvastr-purana, 511 Udanavarga, 147 Udayasimha Rupanarayana, 5-9, 84 Uddiyana.-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities.' Udradesa.-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Udumbarapura (name of a city).-See under 'Cities' above. Ugratara, 34, 217, 223, 224, 276, 325 Ujani (a goddess), 49, 85 Ujani (an ancient city in West Bengal; also called Ujjayani or Ujjayini), 48, 49, 403 Ujjani (a goddess), 48, 49, 85 Ujjayani (also called Ujjayini,-an ancient city in West Bengal), 48, 49, 85, 403, 455 Ujjayini. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Uma (daughter of Himalaya), 17, 20, 23-26, 28-30, 36, 39, 40, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 268, 359, 405, 417, 423-4 Uma-Kali, 38 Uma-pati, 24 Uma-Samkara, 54, 57 Umma, Ummi, Ummu, 23 Upanga, 36, 63 Upapuranas. Their number, titles, etc. (See under 'Puranas' above). Upavedas, 36, 63 (names of), 91, 484 Urdhva-purana, 511 Usanas, 40, 91 Utathya (alias Satyatapas and Satyavrata), 292 Utpata. See 'Omens and portents' above. Uttara-saura, 512 Utterance of abusive words (restrictions and prohibitions on), 6, 405, 408, 432-3, 451, 472 Vacaspati-misra, 13, 72, 73, 83, 234, 393, 470, 472, 473, 491 Vadarikasrama, 348, 351, 352, 398, 412, 450 Vahana (mount), 19, 23, 26, 40, 41, 299, 427 Vahni-purana (or, Vahnija-purana), 81, 240 Vaideha (name of a place).-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Vaidika, 331, 333, 334, 336 Vaidisa. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Vaidya (C.V.), 347 Vaidyanatha (author of a commentary on the Vindhya-mahatmya), 505 Vaidya (P.L.), 143, 147, 148 Vaidya-sastra, 59 Vaihasika (fun-maker), 181 Vaikhanasa, 325, 330, 331 Vaipracitta Danavas, 27 Vairinci (Purana), 240 Vaisnava, 25, 26, 31, 34, 232 (Puranic), 233 (Sakta-), 277, 282, 310, 320, 326 (Ekantin, Paramaikantin, etc.), 327, 329-334, 343, 362, 377, 378, 404, 417, 435, 446, 448, 460, 463 (Sakta-), 464, 465, 479, 481 Vaisnava (Purana), 74, 82, 159, 160, 239, 240 Vaisnavism, 36, 464 (Bhagavata), 465, 510 Vajasaneyi Samhita (of the White Yajurveda), 22, 23 Vajikarana-yoga, 41 Vajradhvaja, Vajraketu.-See 'Naraka' above. under Vakresvara (a holy place in West Bengal), 403, 421, 455, 457 Vakresvara-tirtha-mahatmya, 457 Vakya-ratnakara (of Govinda), 511 Vallalasena, 71-4, 82, 83, 157-160, 162, 181, 234, 236, 238-240, 242-3, 254-6, 338, 339, 370, 393, 479, 481, 483, 484, 486, 487, 491, 505 Valmiki, 292, 410-412, 416, 456, 464 Vama, 48, 224 Vamacara (or, Vama or Kamacara), 34, 66, 73, 75, 190, 220, 224, 231,
INDEX 316, 330-2, 334, 462. See also under 'Heretical (pasanda) sects' above. Vamacara-marga, 19, 34, 49, 223-5 (story of the spread of). 571 Vasistha-lainga (or, Vasistha or Mahesvara), 508 Vasudama, 272 Vasudeva, 272, 296, 298 Vamana, 273 (Visnu's birth as), 294, Vasudeva, 296, 364, 372, 406 420 (story of). Vamana-purana, 1, 240, 352, 366, 507 Vamana-upapurana, 512 Vanamala-varma-deva (king of Kamarupa), 252 Vangavasi Press (Calcutta) See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Varaha (Yajna-), 204 (story of Visnu's activities in the form of), 205 (origin of sacrificial implements from), 206- 211, 316 Varahamihira, 75, 76, 80, 92 Varaha (a Samhita of the Pancaratras), 179 Vasudhara-dana, 46 (method of). Vasus (eight), 51, 289, 500 Vatsaras, 51 (five kinds of), 312, 436 Vayaviya (Upapurana), 477-8, 481, 489. (It is the same as the Nandi-purana). Vayu-purana, 73, 78, 164, 389, 456, 491, 502, 503 Veda, 17, 30-32, 40, 59, 61 (method of study of), 62-4 (divisions, schools, etc. of), 91, 92, 153-7, 159, 161-5, 183-4, 193 (-sastras), 226-7, 261, 283, 310, 320, 325, 327-336, 359, 362, 414, 429, 446, 463, 484 Veda-mata, 44 Varaha-purana (or, Varaha), 1, 17, 346, Vedangas (such as Siksa, Kalpa, etc.), 385, 386, 390-2, 394 Vararuci, 143, 144 Varasana (a city in Kamarupa), 223, 251, 252 Vardhamana.-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Varendra. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Varnasrama-dharma, 31, 34, 156, 159, 162-5, 183, 229, 237, 252, 253, 267, 283, 381, 398, 410, 416, 428, 436, 439, 446, 461, 462, 464 Varsa (continent, such as Ilavrta, Ketumala, etc.), 311-2, 422, 424 Varsa-kaumudi (of Govindananda Kavikankanacarya), 2, 4-8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 70, 72, 83, 190-1, 240, 244, 259, 393, 468, 470-2, 474, 478, 486, 493, 496 Varsa-krtya (of Rudradhara), 72, 396 Varuna, 211, 226, 296, 302, 305, 314, 377, 406, 451, 480, 498 Varvara (a deity), 52 Varvara (a Mleccha tribe).-See under "Tribes' above. Vasanta (spring personified), 197-8, 200, 348-351 Vasanti-viveka (of Sulapani), 471, 472, 482 Vasistha.-See under 'Vasistha-lainga' below. Vasistha, 302 (story of the birth of), 413, 421. See also under 'Sages' above. 59, 360, 484 Vedanta (system of philosophy), 24-6, 59, 66, 277, 283, 329, 363, 420 Vedavati (daughter of Kusadhvaja), 317 Vedic Aryans, 21, 24, 25 Vedic pantheon, 21 Vedic schools (Kanva, Kauthuma, Madhyandina, etc.), 36, 315-6, 319, 323 Vegetation spirit, 20 Vena (a mythical king).-See under 'Kings' above. Venudanda. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Vetala, 19, 213-5, 221, 223, 229-230 Vetali (a name of Devi).-See under 'Devi. Her different forms and names'. Videha (Mithila), 206, 287 Vidhana-parijata (of Anantabhatta), 11, 72, 191, 236, 244, 370, 393, 484, 486, 491, 493, 510 Vidarbha, 209, 227 Vidisa. See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Vidura, 289-290 Vidusaka, 181 Vidyabhusana Bhattacarya, 84 Vidya-dana, 59-60 (method of), 78, 181, 484-6 (method of). Vidyadhara, 39 Vidyakara-paddhati, 234 Vidyakara Vajapeyin, 234, 491
572 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Vidyapa, 38 Vidyapati Upadhyaya (or, Vidyapati), 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 13, 70, 72, 73, 83, 84, 231, 234, 235, 242, 244, 245, 393, 470-3, 478, 480, 491, 494 Vidyarambha, 315 Vidyas (branches of learning), 50 (sixtyfour), 249 (eight), 252 (eight), 484 (fourteen, and also Ayurveda, Sasyaveda, Kala-vidya, Silpa-vidya, Atmavidya, Paurani Vidya, Dharmasastr- atmika Vidya, and so on). Vidyas (mystic), such as Anjana-vidya, Aparajita-vidya, Gutika-vidya, Kamika-vidya, Khadga-vidya, Malavidya, Mohini-vidya, Mrtyunjayavidya, Padamala- (or, Mantramala-) vidya, Puspakhya-vidya, etc., and also Bhelakhi (or, Bhelki), Mrta-samjivani, etc., 38-43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 66, 76, 83, 93, 145 (Tantric), 146, 179, 447, 457 Vidyasagara (Jivananda), 248 Vidyasundara (of Bharata-candra), 449 Vidyesvara, 38 Vijaya (a deity).-See under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Vijaya-dasami, 11, 405, 451 Vikhyada-purana, 474 Village goddess.-See under 'Gramadevi' above. Vina-sastra, 91 Vinata (mother of Garuda), 290-1, 388 Vinayaka, 51, 55, 57, 64-66, 364, 365, 375, 376 Vindhya, 324 (story of). See also under 'Mountains' above. Vindhya-mahatmya, 490, 495, 505 Vindhyatavi (a form of Devi), 51. See also under 'Devi.-Her different forms and names'. Vindhyavasini, 17, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28-30, 36, 40, 80, 90, 383, 505. See also under 'Devi. Her different forms and names'. Vintner, 46 Viraja (in Orissa).-See under 'Places sacred to Devi and other deities'. Viramitrodaya (of Mitramisra), 78, 180, 195, 237, 244, 337, 370, 470-3, 475-7, 504, 507-9 Virana, 198 Virani (alias Asakni), 199 Virat, 204, 314-5 (Maha-, Ksudra-). Virgin (deity), 17, 28, 29, 93, 329, 380, 383. Virgin girls (honouring and feeding of), 45-48, 59, 60, 62, 93-4, 190, 217, 295 (with different names at different ages), 300, 381 Visa-kanya. See 'Poison-girl' above. Visakha, 9, 80, 81, 84 Visarjana (of Devi).-See under 'Immersion' above. Visa-vaidya, 56 Visnu, 25, 26, 34, 36, 38-41, 43, 44, 49, 51, 53, 54, 58, 62, 64, 65, 69, 70, 75, 83, 90, 91, 161, 165, 196-211, 220, 224, 231-3, 239, 256, 262, 265, 266, 269 (born as Rama, Laksmana, Bharata and Satrughna), 273, 285, 307-8, 315-8, 321-4, 326, 330, 332, 333, 342, 357, 362, 364, 365, 373, 375, 384, 398, 400, 402, 403, 412-6, 420, 424, 425, 429, 434, 440, 447, 458, 460, 463, 464, 473, 480, 485, 494, 496 Visnubhatta Adavalya, 488 Visnudharma, 152, 156, 180 Visnudharmottara, 180, 247, 248, 258, 352, 389, 483 Visnu-maya, 26, 197-9 Visnu-purana, 17, 73, 152, 153, 232, 411, 457, 478, 479, 508. See also under 'Vaisnava (Purana)' above. Visnu-purana (English translation), 195, 338 Visnu-tattva, 41 Visvakarman (the divine architect), 55, 92 Visvakosa (a Bengali encyclopaedia), 471, 476, 481 Visvamitra, 227, 305-6 Visvanatha Kaviraja, 82 Candesvara Visvarupa (son of Tvastr), 300 Visvedevas, 51 Vivada-ratnakara Thakkura), 193 Vows (Vrata, (of viz., Aksaya-trtiya-, Ananta-trtaya-, Anodana-, Ardranandakari-trtiya-, Asokastami-, Asvinapaurnamasi-, Bhismastami-, Bhratrdvitiya-, Brahma-Savitri-, CandraRohini, Devi-, Durga-, Durvastami-, Dyuta-pratipad-, Ekadasi-, Ganesa-, Goratna-, Govinda-dvadasi-, Guggula-,
INDEX Jahnu-saptami-, Krsna-caturdasi-, Krsna-janmastami-, Kunda-caturthi-, Laksmi-, Laksmi-Parna-, Mahajyaisthi-, Mahalaksmi-, Mahanavami-, Mahastami-, Makari Saptami, Nagapancami-, Naksatra-, Nakta-, Nanda-, Navaratra, Pada-, Pasupata-, Phalasaptami-, Pradipta-navami-, Pradosa-, Putrotpatti-, Rama-navami-, Rasakalyanini, Ratanti-caturdasi-, Ravivara-, Savitri-, Siro-, Sivaratri-, Sravana-dvadasi-, Sri-pancami- (in Magha and Caitra), Sukra-vara-, Surya-, Uma-Mahesvara-, Vijaya-, Visnu-Samkara-, etc.) and practices (such as Deha-tyaga-vidhi, Syenagrasana-vidhi, Vaisakhi-vidhi, etc.), 36, 43, 46, 47, 54, 57, 62, 69, 76, 93, 159, 191, 199, 237-9, 309, 319-321, 326, 357, 366-9, 375-381, 384-5, 387- 390, 392, 394-6, 404-7, 409, 434-5, 451, 493-4, 498-500, 513 Vrata. See under 'Vows' above. Vrata-kala-viveka (of Sulapani), 393 Vrata-paddhati (of Rudradhara), 3, 5, 11 Vrsa, 54 (worship of). Vrsabhanu, 272 Vrsotsarga, 53 Vrtra, 273, 301 (birth and death of), 338, 344 Vyasa, 91, 187, 261, 262, 285, 286 (named with twenty-six more Vyasas), 287-8, 311, 340, 372, 384, 398, 410, 411-2, 416, 428, 474, 479, 480, 501 Vyavahara-tattva (of Raghunandana), 180 Vyuhas (arrays of troops), 50 (more than fortythree kinds of). Vyuhas (of Madhusudana), 55 (four). War-goddess, 20, 23, 90 Water-sport, 382 Weber (A.), 195, 284, 367, 369, 389, 492 Week-days, 75, 243, 280, 341, 394, 436, 492 West Bengal (or, Western Bengal), 48, 82, 83, 85, 455 Western India, 8, 11, 14, 82, 357-8 Whitney (W.D.), 87, 135 Widow, 46, 86, 400, 434 Wife, 50 (to be given to the consecrator of Devi's image), 400, 434, 496 573 Wilson (H.H.), 338, 347 Wine (and its use in the worship of various deities), 18, 50, 54, 65, 93, 193, 205, 206, 208, 217, 219, 223, 374, 375, 383, 401, 408, 433, 447, 448,461,499. See also under 'Madya', 'Sidhu' and 'Sura' above. Winternitz (M.), 146-8, 152, 184, 329, 347 Women. Their position, dress, ornaments, duties, etc., 45-47, 49, 59, 61, 62, 66, 93, 94, 193, 286, 320 (different types of), 361, 381, 400, 424, 432-4, 448-9, 452, 496 Worlds. See under 'Lokas' above. Worship of various deities (including Brahma, Visnu, Siva, Vinayaka, Sri, Sarasvati, Manasa, Sasthi, Svadha, Svaha and many others), 29 (Puranic method of), 45, 52-55, 57, 59, 64-7, 75, 90, 91, 159, 189-192, 215-223, 229, 237, 239, 293-4, 300, 310-1 (outer and inner; Vedic, Tantric), 315 (Vedic, Tantric), 316-7, 319-327, 336 (Vedic and Tantric method of), 398, 404-8, 425 (Tantric method of), 435, 451, 468, 500 Writing materials, 55, 59-60 Yadavas (including Krsna and Balarama), 290 Yaga (such as Gana-yaga, Vinayakayaga, etc.), 55 Yajurveda, 21, 62, 63 (divisions and schools of), 163, 315-6 (White), 319, 323, 359 Yajnavalkya, 389 Yajnavalkya-smrti, 70, 73, 75, 154, 164, 181, 190-3, 234, 236, 237, 389, 390, 393, 411, 479-481, 483-4, 486, 493, 496, 497, 501 Yama (a god), 42, 58, 201, 223, 224, 294, 319-321, 335, 377, 389, 404, 424, 429, 495, 509 (different names of). Yamuna (a name of Devi).-See under 'Devi. Her different forms and names'. Yantra (Tantric).-See under 'Mediums of worship' above. Yasoda, 27, 29, 293 Tathartha-manjari (of Sritirtha-svamin), 280, 459 Yava. See under "Trees and plants' above.
574 STUDIES IN THE UPAPURANAS Yavana, 26, 320, 343, 433, 446-8, 458- 462 Yavani, 433, 458, 460 Yavani bhasa, 448, 458, 459, 461 Yoga. Its varieties, the method of its practice, and its power, 36, 42, 65-66, 91, 155, 193, 267, 288, 297, 308-9, 317, 348, 380, 413, 415, 433 Yoga-maya, 25, 26, 28, 30, 201, 203, 204, 233, 288, 298 Yoga-nidra, 25, 26, 29, 35, 36, 44, 197-8, 202, 204, 208, 211, 230, 239, 256, 291, 499 Yogin, 43, 193 (Siva-). Yoginis, 216-7 (names of), 218 (sixtyfour), 240, 408, 471 Yudhisthira, 70, 247, 252, 272 (named with his brothers), 371-2, 384, 394-5 Yugas (viz., Satya, Treta, Dvapara, Kali), 37, 206, 209, 265, 273, 286, 298, 301, 332, 410, 411, 426, 436 (names and characteristics of), 447 Yuga-dharma, 301 Zodiacal sign. See under 'Rasi' above.
I. 135.3= sa-surasura-manavan lalata-nimno- 18 32 5 (of fn. 99) Page Line 4 (of fn.† 67) ERRATA* Incorrect hiranmayibhir of Kamarupa 40 26 Visn 48 3 (of fn. 125) Aral 68 5 (of fn. 148) -ku a-, rahmin 81 19 87 12 112 21 fo 125 9 138 14; 34 147 6 (of fn. 298) Elliot 163 4 (of fn. 335) artate " 5 ( ,) 132-133 172 tylyam 241 13 (of fn. 517) 'srikarah' 273 18 295 1 (of fn. 669) 310 7 (of fn. 688) 313 2 (of fn. 699) 357 18 "" 2 (of fn. 804) 363-463 " 2 (from the bottom) The heading (of every alternate page bearing an odd number). lalata-; lalatareigion Surapanakha -bhiskrtah -kulodbhavah Kikata Kikatesv api SAKTA Correct hiranyayibhir Kamakhya Visnu Aral -kula-, Brahmin 1. 135.3 (Vangavasi Press (Calcutta) ed.) = sa-surasura-manavan for lalata nimnolalata; lalata Eliot vartate 9. 132-133 tulyam 'srikarah' region Surpanakha -bahiskrtah -kalodbhavah Kikata Kikatesv api NON-SECTARIAN 365 4 alter 372 1 (of fn. 28) 382 16 408 3 (of fn. 108) 409 16 (of fn. 112) dhar aworwhipped puyayeyur magabhagavatam altar dharmaworshipped pujayeyur 438 2 (of fn. 165) 'varu ah' 460 24 out-cast.; 471 10 (of fn. 18) -puran 488 1 (of fn. 96) Sout mahabhagavatam 'varudah' outcast; -purana South *Many of the printing mistakes noted here (especially those created by the dropping of types of letters, diacritical marks, etc.) occurred under circumstances beyond the author's control. †fn.=footnote,