2. Upanishad Shantimatra and Result of Karma

Mantras from the Upanishads are designed to invoke certain feelings in the person that chants it. Those mantras are designed to invoke the feelings of poorna -which means infinite, limitless, full, whole and complete. The following popular Vedic mantra can be compared with the completeness of the symbolic moon in Astrology. Full moon is a visual representation of the infinite nature of the universe.

The icon Om denotes -that is complete, this is complete, from the completeness comes the completeness. If completeness is taken away from completeness, only completeness remains.

Keeping the difference in opinion, the historians notified the concept of zero first appeared in India around 458A.D. Different words are symbolizing the zero, as nothing, such as void, sky or space. It is also believed that the Hindu Astronomer and mathematician Brahmagupta developed a symbol for zero with a dot underneath numbers in 628AD. He substantiated the mathematical operations using zero with supporting rules for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division having results of zero in equations. This has been treated as the first time for the world that zero was recognized as a number of its own, as in terms of a method and a symbol.

The Ganitapada of Beejanga Ganita narrated by Bhaskaracharya-II distinguished that from any number when we deduct the zero or add the zero the number will not change. If zero is used for multiplication with any number, the result will be zero only. If we divide zero with any number the quotient shall be zero (Shoonyata Chcheda). If we divide the number with zero, the result will be infinite (Khahara). When we deduct or add anything to infinite, the infinite do not change.

Usage of the infinite is prohibited from Arithmetic (patiganita) whereas it is acceptable to Beejanga Ganita.

[...]^[1]

If it is deduct or add the Bhutagana there is no change in the form of Achyuta who is Omnipresent. In that way, if we deduct or add to infinite (Khahara), there will not be any change in it. Astrologists opined that the zero was used in geometry firstly established by Brahmagupta in his Brhamgupta Sidhanta (628AD) which was further followed by Bhaskara. As per Upanishad narration, Zero represents Sunya or Nothingness in the order of Sunya to Mahasunya, Mahasunya to Lina, Lina to Brahma, Brahma to Parampara and Parampara to Mukti. Accordingly the omnipotent deities are Poorna Brahma or nothingness of the nothingness reiterating the true meaning of the Shanti-Mantra.^[2]

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

Krishnaji Shankara Patwardhan (2001); Leelavathy of Bahsakracharya (Trans); Motilal Banarsidas Publishers, Delhi; Chap-16, Ver-XLVI, XLVII, pp-47, pp-49.

[2]:

Dr. Pradep Kumar Chowdhuri; Orissa Reviw, July 2010 Sri Jagannath in Astrology; Published Paper presented in the 8^th Astrologers Conference on 15^th May, 2005.