Appendix 2 - Saura-purāṇa quotations by the different Smṛti-Nibandhakāras

The verses quoted from the Saura-purāṇa by the different smṛti-nibandhakāras, such as, Hemādri, Gadādhara and others in their respective works, are already mentioned in this thesis (4.2.7). And of course, these verses are available in the printed versions of the present Saura-purāṇa Apart from these, there are many verses quoted from the same Purāṇa by the mentioned smṛti-nibandhakāras including the great scholar Vijñānabhikṣu (c. fifteenth-sixteenth centuries CE), which are not available in the printed versions of the present Saura-purāṇa But the authenticity of these verses could not be denied.

There are some common quotations of this Purāṇa made by authors belonging to different times and places, such as, Śridhara, Hemādri and Gopālabhaṭṭa. 

Śridhara states about the vow of Ekādaśī: 

“tathai-kādaśīvrataṃ māheśvara-vratatvāt sauram api bhavati saurapurāṇācca”.^[1]  

This remark is surely based on the line “vaiṣṇavo vātha śaiva vā saura’pyetat samācaret”^[2], which is quoted from the Saura-purāṇa in the Haribhaktivilāsa of Gadādharabhaṭṭa and the Caturvargacintāmaṇi of Hemādri in connection with the vow Ekādaśī, but it is not available in the present Saura-purāṇa Secondly, there are many Manuscripts of the Saura-purāṇa were not used to prepare the printed versions (see: 2.1.1). So, it may not be unreasonable to assume that Hemādri, Gopālabhaṭṭa and others used the Manuscripts of the present Saura-purāṇa in which there were few more chapters or verses at least on the topic related to Smṛti.^[3]

The following verses cannot be found in the printed versions of the Saura-purāṇa:

Smṛtyārthasāra of Śrīdhara^[4]  

(c. thirteenth century CE)

1. (Related to the observers of the Ekādaśī-vrata) 

tathai-kādaśīvrataṃ māheśvara-vratatvāt sauram api bhavati saurapurāṇācca..^[5]

Caturvargacintāmaṇi of Hemādri^[6]  

(c. thirteenth century CE)

Dānakhaṇḍa; vol. 1

1. (To describe the merit of donating of the Purāṇas)

“anyānyapa-purāṇani sahirasyāni parvaṇi|
likhitvā yaḥ prayacchettu sa vidyāpārago bhavet||
śivadharmādi-śāstrāṇi yaḥ prayacchati puṇyadhīḥ|
so’nanta-phala-māpnoti śivadharma-prakāśanāt_||”^[7]

2. (In “udakadāna-vidhi” to describe the merit of giving water) 

saurapurāṇe|
pānīya-dānaṃ paramaṃ sarva-dānādhikaṃ smṛtam|
tasmāt-pānīya-mānīya deyaṃ dharmavidā tathā_||^[8]

Vratakhaṇḍa; vol. 2, part 1

1. (verses regarding the vow of Ulkānavamī) 

“yataḥ śāstreṣu sādevī nivasatyeva santatam|
abhyukṣya maṇḍalaṃ kṛtvā gomayena suvistaram||
dattvā samaṃ copaviśet pātrañca puaoto nyaset|
tasyāṃ saṃsiddha-mantrādyantat-sarvaṃ-upveṣayet||
prāk ca sarvaṃ samuddhṛtya-vāyasebhyo nivedaset|
tṛṇānāṃ muṣṭi-mādāya hasta-mātraṃ suyantritam||
anya-hastasthitaṃ kṣālya svayaṃ bhuñjita vāgyataḥ|
praśānte’gnau samācamya śuci-stadgata-mānasaḥ||
cāmuṇḍāṃ hṛdaye dyātvā gṛha-kṛtya-paro-bhavet|”^[9]

Vratakhaṇḍa; vol. 2, part 2

1. (Sarva-vrata)

vyāsa uvāca|
manda-vāyu-yutā puṇyā śuklapakṣe trayodaśī|
tasyām-upoṣya vidhivat saṃpūjya girijāpatim||
brahma-hatyādibhiḥ pāpairmukto bhavati mānavaḥ||
iti saura-purāṇoktaṃ sarvavrata_||^[10]

2. (glory of the holy places of Śiva)

saura-purāṇāt—
athātma-caraṇau sthitvā śivakṣetre vasennaraḥ|
dehānte śiva-sāyujyaṃ labhate nātra saṃśayaḥ_||^[11]

3. (Merit of doing anaśana in the holy places of Śiva) 

saura-purāṇāt—
śiva-kṣetre nirāharo bhūtvā prāṇān parityajet|
śiva-sāyujya-mavāpnoti prabhāvān parameṣṭhinaḥ_||^[12]

4. (In context of “agni-praveśa”)

saura-purāṇāt—
śivasya purato vahniṃ saṃsthāpyābhyarcya keśavaṃ|
juhuyād ātmano dehaṃ sa yātiṃ śivasannidhim_||^[13]

Pariśeṣa-khaṇḍa, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1

1. (Instruction regarding the Ekoddiṣṭa-śrāddha)

saura-purāṇe|
ekaddiṣṭastu yacchrāddhaṃ tān-naimittikam-ucyate||
tatkārye malamāse’pi kālādhikya’pi dharmataḥ_||¹⁴

2. (The qualities of the pious persons, who should invited for feeding in śrāddha)

saura-purāṇe|
yo na nindati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati|
ātmārāmaḥ pūrṇakāmaḥ paṅtipāvana-pāvanāḥ||
yastu sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmanyevānapaśyati|
sarvabhūteṣu cātmānaṃ sa ca pāvana-pāvanaḥ||
aśanāyā-pipāsābhyāṃ śītoṣṇādibhireva ca|
aspṛṣṭaḥ śoka-mohānāṃ paṅtipāvana-pāvanāḥ||
omitye-vākṣaraṃ brahma bāhya-ratyaniśaṃ śuciḥ|
ātmaikatādīryyo’sau paṅtipāvana-pāvanāḥ||
yatendriyastaponiṣṭho nirāśīraparigrahaḥ|
jñāna-vijñāna-cittātmā paṅtipāvana-pāvanāḥ||
iti paṅtipāvana-pāvanāḥ|¹⁵

3. (Regarding selection of the Brāhmaṇas in śrāddha-kalpa)—

vedān ye nigadantīha lobhān mohān phalārthinaḥ|
brahma-vikrayiṇaste vai śrāddhakarmaṇi barjitāḥ_||^[14]

4. (List of the prohibited items in śrāddhakalpa)

saura-purāṇe|
abjād-ayadrakta-puṣpaṃ śiśumāraṃ tathaiva ca|
nīrasanyapi sarvāṇi bhakṣya-bhojyāni yāni ca||

a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 226. a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, pp. 405-06. a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 468.

etāni naiva deyāni sarvasmin śrāddhakarmaṇi|¹⁷

5. (List of the gifts in Śrāddhakalpa) 

saura-purāṇe|
nirmāya sudṛḍhe dadyāda-durgandhena carmaṇā|
na nyūne nātirikte ca pādayoḥ sukhade mṛdu||
upānahau brāhmaṇebhyaḥ pitṛṛṇāṃ sukhahetave|
prīyaṇṭe pitarastasya prītā yacchanti bāñchitaṃ_||¹⁸

6. (List of the prohibited iteams for Śrāddhakalpa) 

saura-purāṇe|
cāmaraṃ tālavṛntañca śvetacchatraṅca darpaṇam|
dattvā ptṛṇāmetāni bhūmipālo bhavediha_||¹⁹

7. (Merit of abhayadāna) saura-purāṇe—

yadyastha bhayamutpannaṃ svato vā parato’pi vā|
śrāddha-karmaṇi saṃprāpte tattasyāpanayed sudhīḥ||
rājataś-caurato vāpi byālāñca śvāpadādapi|
sañjātāntu haredbhītiṃ pitṛkarmaṇi śaktitaḥ||
ekataḥ kratavaḥ sarve sarvasvavara-dakṣiṇaḥ|
ekatao bhayabhitasya prāṇinaḥ prāṇarakṣaṇam||
ato’rthaṃ sarvakāleṣu dadyādabhaya-dakṣiṇām|
śrāddhakāle viśeṣeṇa sa hi dharmaḥ paro mataḥ||
yathā hyabhayadānena tuṣyanti prapitāmahāḥ|
na tathā vastra-pānānna-ratnālaṃkāra-kāñcanaiḥ||

a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 685. a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 706. a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, pp. 711-12.

etasmādabhayaṃ deyaṃ śrāddha-kāle vijānatā|
abhayasya pradātāro bhayaṃ vindanti na kvacit||
janma-mṛtyu-bhayābhāvādabhayaṃ mokṣa ucyate|
mokṣameva naro yāti prāṇināmabhayapradaḥ_||^[15]

8. (Dakṣiṇā-dravya-nirupaṇam) 

saura-purāṇe|
vaṅkībhirdakṣiṇābhiryaḥ śrāddhe prīṇayati dvijān|
sa pitṛṛṇāṃ prasādena yāti svargamanantakam||
aśaknastu ythāśaktyā śrāddhe dadyāttu dakṣīṇām|
adakṣiṇantu yacchrāddhaṃ hriyate taddhi rākṣasaiḥ||
yajñopavitam-athavā hyati-dāridra-pīḍitaḥ|
pradadyāhadakṣiṇārthaṃ vai tena syāt karma sadguṇam_||²¹

9. (Śrāddhakalpe Paribhāṣāprakaraṇam) 

candragṛhe śavasparśe raveḥ saṃkramaṇeṣu ca|
naktamapyavagāheta salilaṃ saridādiṣu_||²²

10. (śrāddhakalpe preta-tṛptikara-śrāddhadīnāṃ prayoga-karaṇam) 

atha kaścidviśeṣa saura-purāne|
rudram-ābāhya kalaśe gandhamālyākṣatādibhiḥ|
saṃpūjya saṃspṛśan kumbhaṃ rudrādhyāyaṃ japettataḥ||
tathaiva pauruṣaṃ sūktaṃ gāyedraudrīñca saṃhitām|²³

11. (“śrāddhakalpe pretatṛptikara śrāddhādīnāṃ prayoga-prakaraṇam”) 

saura-purāṇe|
tato vṛṣabhamānīya agneruttarataḥ sthitam|
savyasphici likheccakraṃ śūlaṃ bāhau tu dakṣiṇe_||^[16]

Pariśeṣa-khaṇḍa; vol. 3, part 2

1. (Instruction related to the observers of the Ekādaśī-vrata) 

ekādaśyāmupaṣaṇaṃ saurerapyanuṣṭheyaṃ saura-purāṇe thābhidhānāt|
“vaiṣṇavo vātha śaivo vā sauropyetat samācared” iti|^[17]

2. (Merit of the twelfth day of full-moon and new-moon day)—

yathā supūjito gauraḥ kṛṣṇo vā devavid dvijaḥ|
santārayati dātāraṃ dvādaśyau ca tathā smṛte_||²⁶

3. (“Ekādaśi-tithi-nirṇaya-prakaraṇam”) 

saurāṇaṃ tu sāvitryā nāmnā vā saṃkalpaḥ|
savitryā tvathavā nāmnā saṃkalpaṃ tu samācaret|
iti saurapurāṇe’bhidhānāt|²⁷

4. (“Pariśeṣakhaṇḍe kālakhaṇḍe yugādi-nirṇaya-prakaraṇam”)

sopavāsa-ścaturdaśyām-aṣṭmyāṃ ca sureśvaram|
yastu pūjayate nityaṃ tasya tuṣyati śaṃkara||
aṣṭamyāñca caturdaśyāṃ yaḥ śivaṃ śaṃsita-vrataḥ|
mumucuḥ pūjayennityaṃ sa labhedīpsitaṃ phalaṃ_||²⁸

Sāṃkhya-pravacana-bhāṣya of Vijñānabhikṣu^[18]  

(c. fifteenth/sixteenth century CE)

1. (In the context of discussion about the nature of Brahman) tad uktaṃ saure—

“yathā hi kevalo raktaḥ sphaṭiko lakṣyate janāḥ rañjakādyupadhānena tadvat paramapuruṣa” iti|^[19]

2. (In context of discussing about ajñāna and its definition “nāsadrūpā na sad-rupā” of the Vedānta Philosophy)… 

tyādi saurādi vyākhyānaṃ tvayamarthaḥ
“vikāra-jananīṃ māyām aṣṭarūpamajām druvām|”^[20]

Haribhakti-vilāsa of Gopālabhaṭṭa^[21]  

(first-half of sixteenth century CE)

1. (Merit of the twelfth day of both new-moon and full-moon) viṣṇu-rahasya-saurapurāṇayoḥ—

yathā supūjitā gauraḥ kṛṣṇo vā devavid dvijaḥ|
santārayati dātāraṃ dvādaśau ca tathā smṛta_||^[22]

2. (Regarding the observers of the Ekādaśi-vrata)

vaiṣṇavo vātha śaiva vā saura’pyetat samācaret|^[23]

Kālasāra of Gadādhara^[24]

(c. fifteenth century CE)

1. (Related to śrāddha) śivarahasya-saurapurāṇayorapi—

prāyaḥ pratarupoyyā hi tithirdaivaka-phaleṣubhiḥ|
mūlaṃ hi pitṛ-tṛptyarthaṃ paitrañcoktaṃ maharṣibhiḥ_||^[25]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Smṛtyarthasāra, p. 66, lines 11-12.

[2]:

Haribhaktivilāsa, p. 761; Caturvargacintāmaṇi, vol. 3, part. 2, p. 173.

[3]:

R. C. Hazra: “The Saura-purāṇa”, New Indian Antiquities, vol. 6, p. 122.

[4]:

Born in Mahārāṣṭra. His Smṛtyarthasāra is quoted as an authority in Smṛticandrikā and by Hemādri (See: Benoy Kumar Sarkar: The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology, book 1, p. 411).

[5]:

See footnote 1.

[6]:

Hemadri was the chief minister of at the Yādava court of Mārātha region under two kings towards the end of thirteenth century. His caturvargacintāmani is considered as an encyclopaedia of Puranic Hindu rites and rituals.

[7]:

Caturvargacintāmaṇi, Dāna-khaṇḍa, vol. 1, pp. 539-40.

[8]:

Ibid., Dāna-khaṇḍa, vol. 1, p. 988.

[9]:

Ibid., Vrata-khaṇḍa, vol. 2, part. 1, p. 898. — |

[10]:

Ibid., Vrata-khaṇḍa, vol. 2, part 2, p. 24.

[11]:

Vrata-khaṇḍa, vol. 2, part 2, p. 917.

[12]:

Vrata-khaṇḍa, vol. 2, part 2, p. 917.

[13]:

, Vrata-khaṇḍa, vol. 2, part 2, p. 956.

[14]:

Ibid., 63. 11.

[15]:

Ibid., Pariśeṣa-khaṇḍa, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, pp. 732-33. — a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 747. a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 862. a, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 1632.

[16]:

Ibid., Pariśeṣa-khaṇḍa, Śrāddhakalpa, vol. 3, part 1, p. 1625.

[17]:

Ibid., Pariśeṣa-khaṇḍa, vol. 3, part 2, p. 173. — a, vol. 3, part 2, p. 179. a, vol. 3, part 2, p. 197. a, vol. 3, part 2, p. 644.

[18]:

He was a great philosopher of the Schools of Sāṃkhya, Yoga and Vedānta. He was from Bihar and flourished on c. fifteenth-sixteenth centuries.

[19]:

Sāmkhya-pravacana-bhāṣya, p. 13, line 23.

[20]:

Ibid., p. 17, line 13.

[21]:

Gopāla Bhaṭṭa formerly belonged to the Rāmānuja-sampradāya but later became part of the Gauḍīya-sampradāya in c. 1511 CE when Śrīcaitanya was touring South India.

[22]:

Haribhakti-vilāsa, p. 759. Also found in Caturvargacintāmaṇi, see footnote 23.

[23]:

Ibid., p. 761. Also see footnote 22.

[24]:

Gadādhara Bhattācārya was scholar of the Nyāya system and referred to as the “the prince of India logicians”. He was born in Lakshimapasa of Bogra district of present Bangladesh.

[25]:

Kālasāra, p. 382