Part 8 - Dhananamani (Dhana Nama)

The following twenty-eight words are listed as the synonyms of wealth. alth. 1 2 delight ( dhi). (dhi) .² Dhanam is so called because it gives " 322 1. Macham: The word with its forms occurs in thirtysix places. Out of these in thirtyfive places, it is used in the sense assigned. The form maghava in VII.27.5 is explained as mamhaniya stutya and maghani (III.19.1) as mamhaniyani asmabhir, diyamanani havinsi. " 2. Reknah: The word with its form reknasa is used in twelve places, They are used in the sense assigned. 3. Riktham: The word occurs in one place (III.31.2). It is explained as pitryam dhanam. (The form rikthah occurs in III.6.2. It is explained as atiriktah.) - 1. ksetram 10. bhargah 5. varivah 6.59774 11. milhum 1 2. gayeh 16. 17. FT 4: 1. mugham 2. revanah 3. riktham 4. vedaih 7.2544 8.274: ppa: 9. 1. ksetra 13. ghumnam 14. indriyam 15. vasu 18. bhojanam 19. tani 20. 19. tana 20. numnam 23. yasah 24. brahame 25. dravinam 26. rayah 21. bandhuh 22. megha dhruvah 27. vrtram 28. rtam • 2. fakan (3.9) 4 i gzata fuatatfama: 1 24:

323 4. Vedah: The word occurs in fifteen places. It is used in the sense of dhanam (varanIyam). 6. svatram: The word with its form svatrena occurs in four places. Only in one place, it is used in the sense of dhana; in other three places it is explained as ksipra. Sayana, while commenting on the rk VIII.63.5, explains the word as belonging to ksipranama but the word is not listed in ksipranamani (Nigh.2.15). * 7. Ratnam: The word with its forms occurs in sixtynine places. In fiftyeight places it is used in the sense of ramaniyam dhanam or jewel. In rest of the places it is explained as adjective to havih or karmaphalam (1.58.7; 141.10) etc. 8. Ravih: The word with its form rayim occurs in two hundred and twenty seven places, In two hundred and fifteen places it is used in the sense assigned. The word has been already (explained in Udakanamani (1.12.73). 9. Ksatram: The word occurs in sixty three places., twenty places it is used in the sense of dhana. While explaining the word suksatra in V.38.1, Sayana explains it as sobhana-dhanendra and he says ksatramiti dhana-nama. In

It is used as vocative (to Indra). 10. Bhagah: The word occurs in one hundred and twenty three places; in fourteen places the word is used in the sense of dhana. In rest of the places it is used as adjective 'bhajaniyah' to various gods, like Indra, Savity etc. 11. Milhum: The word does not occur. in four places in the meaning of sangrama. a synonym of samgrama (Nigh.2.17.17). But milhe occurs It is listed as Milhu Milhu occurs in □ 1.43.1 in the sense of sektr. 324 .12. Gayah: The word occurs in twenty three places. It is used in the sense assigned in eleven places. The word is already explained in apatyanamani (Nigh.2.2.8). also included in grhanamani (Nigh.3.4.1). The word is 13. Dyumnam: The word with its forms occurs in sixty six places. In nineteen places it is used in the sense assigned, in rest of the places it is used in the sense of anna, yasas, stotra, etc. (RV.I.122.12; VIII.19.33; 1.78.1). Yaska (Niru.5.5) interpretes the word as 'glory or food*. derives it from the root dyut (to shine) dyumnam dyotateh yaso va annam va). Sayana quotes Yaska (RV.X.115.7). He

' 325 14. Indriya: The word occurs in forty one places, with its forms. In three places it is used in the sense assigned (i.e. I.111.2; V.31.3; I.107.2). In rest of the places it is explained as bala or virya mainly of the god Indra. 15. Vasu: The word with its forms (i.e. vasuna, vasunam; Vasubhih, vasuni and vason) occurs in two hundred and ninety two places. In all the places it is used in the sense assigned. A few examples are given below. (Nigh.1.5.10). The form in 3 vasavah has been listed Rasminamani (refer supta to Nigh.1.5.4). 16. Ravah: The word with its forms occurs in two hundred and fifty three places. In all the places it is explained in the sense assigned. The form rayam occurs in RV. IX. 108.13. It is explained as ranti pravacchati ksiradikan iti ravo gavah. * 17. Radhah: The word occurs in one hundred and forty six places. Out of these, in one hundred and twenty places the word is used in the sense assigned. In other places it is used in the sense of radhaka or anna. Sayapa interpretes the 3 word in two ways; and quotes the Nighantu. Yaska interpretes 3. r.1.9.5. radhah | radhayuvanti aneneti radho dhanam | magham ityadisu astavimsati dhananamasu "rayah iti pathat • 8.64. 1. annam | havirlaksanam samradhakam stotram va | radhah " nigh . 2.10.17.8 8 rr . 1. 122.11. samrddhisadhanam • I

it as a synonym of wealth. 4 (But it is omitted by Durga). 326 18. Bhojanam: The word occurs in twenty six places with its forms. In nineteen places it is used in the sense assigned. In other places it is used in the sense of anna (II.13.4.6, and bhogasadhana VIII.1.34). In 1.44.5 the vocative form bhojana explained as jagatah palaka agne. In two places he gives double meaning dhana or anna (V.4.5; IX.81.6). 7 } 19. Tana: The word occurs in thirty three places with its forms. In seven places it is used in the sense, assigned. In RV.1.3.4, Sayana explains the word as particle, and in I.38.13 he interpretes the word tana as tanava, tanu vistare tanoti devata mahatmyam vistarayatiti. On this basis he explains the word in other places as tanaya (son) in seven places as tanoti vistarayati kulam iti tanah putrah (11.9.2). The word is also explained as vastra, pavitra, etc. (IX.16.8; 34.1).. ☑ 20. Nrmnam: The word occurs with its forms in thirty places. In twenty one places it is used in the sense of 'dhana' The word has been already explained in balanamani (Nigh.2.9.8). 14. niru . 5.4. radha iti dhanamnama radhnuvatyanena |

327 21. Bandhuh: The word occurs in eight places withiits forms bandhum and bandhun: Only in one place Sayana explains it as annam dhanam va (V.73.4). In RV. I.154.5 he explains it as sarvesam sukrtinam bandhubhuto hitakarah (Visnupadam). In VII.72.2 it is used in the sense of bandhakah pitamahah and in VIII.73.12 as bandhaka sruvah.. 22. Medha: The word with its forms i.e. medhah, medhabhih, medham and medhaya occur in fifteen places. Nowhere it is It is explained as praina or used in the sense assigned. buddhi except in two places. as yajnah and medhabhih (IX.65.16; 107.25) as stutibhih. Medhah (III.58.2), is explained 23. Yasah: The word occurs in ninety one places with its forms. In four places the word is used in the sense assigned. (V.4.10; X.20.9; VIII.23.27; X.20.9). The word has been already explained under Udakanamani (I.12.55).· The word is also. listed in annanamani (2.7.28). · 24. Brahma: The word with its form occurs in one hundred and thirty places. The word is not used in the sense assigned. The word has been already explained under annanamani (Nigh.2.7.25). 25. Dravinam: The word occurs with its forms in forty two places. Out of these in forty one places the word is used in

X the sense assigned. The word is explained already in balanamani (Nigh.2.9.26). 1 328 • 26. Sravah: It is used with its forms in one hundred and forty five places. At one place it is used in the sense assigned (1,9.7). The word has been already explained under annanamani (2.7.4), 27. Vrtram: The word occurs with its forms in three hundred and three places. It is not used in the sense assigned. The word has been already explained under meghanamani (Nigh. 1.10.28). 28. Rtam (Vrtam): The word with its other forms occurs in five hundred and seventy two places. Nowhere it is used in the sense assigned. The word has been already explained { under Udakanamani (Nigh.1.12.68). The above discussion may be given in a tabular form: No. Word No. of places used in the RV. No.of times used in the sense assigned 1. Magham 36 35 2. Reknah 12. 12 3. Riktham 1 1 4. Vedah 15 15 5. Varivah 28 28

No. Word 329 No. of places used in the RV. No.of times used in the sense assigned 6. Svatram 4 1 7. Ratnan 69 58 8. Rayih 227 215 9. Ksatram 63 20 10. Bhagah 123 14 11. Milhum 5 12. Gayah 23 11 13. Dyumnam 66 19 14. Indriyam 41 3 15. Vasu 292 292 16. Rayah 253 253 17. Radhah 146 120 18. Bhojanam 26 19 19. Tana 33 7 22 20. Nrmnam 30 21 21. Bandhuh 00 1 22. Medha 15 23. Yasah 91 24. Brahma 130 25. Dravinam 42 41 26. Sravah 145 27. Vitram 303 28. Rtam 572 t

330 To conclude, three words are not used in the sense assigned. Seven words are used in the sense assigned in all the places; and seven words are used in less than ten places. i