Part 7 - Nalanamani (Bala Nama)

The following twenty eight¹ words are listed as the synonyms of power. 'Bala' is so called because it sustains; it is derived from the root bhr. 2 1 1. Ojah: The word with its forms is used in one hundred and ninety places. In one hundred and seventy eight places the word is used in the sense assigned. In rest of the places it is used in the sense of lustre (tejas). already explained under udakanamani (Nigh.1.12.43). The word has been e 2. Pajah: The word with its forms pajasa etc. occurs in twenty three places. Out of these in fifteen places it is used in the sense assigned: In other eight places it is used in the sense of tejas (e.g.I.58.5; I.115.5; III.15.1). 3. Savah: The word with its forms occurs in two hundred and twenty three places. In two hundred and eighteen places it is used in the sense of 'food'. The word is listed in the 1. 1.317: sardhah 7. NY: 2.4 TH : pajeh 3. sarvah 8. TYY: 9. 8. barthah 9. 12. susnam 13. daksaih 13. & : 4. tavah 5. 112: 6. Tali: namnam 10. tavisi 11. susmam 14.9% 14. vilu 15. cyatnam 160 susam 17 · sava : 18. yahah 19. vardhah 20. vargah 21. vrjanam 22. vrk 23. gujmano 240 pausyani 25 dhurnatih 26. dravinam 27. syandrasah 28. sambaramh 2, balam bharam bhavati | bibharteh bibharteh 8 niru . 3.9.8

314 synonyms of water (e.g. IV.8.8; IV.24.1). The word is explained under udakanamani (Nigh.1/12.41). 4. Tavah: The word with its form tavase etc.occur in forty two places. In twenty three places it is used in the sense assigned. In rest of the places it is explained as 'pravrddham'. In three places Sayana gives alternative meanings i.e. bala or pravrddham (VII.24.3; VI, 58.4; VII.99.6). 5. Sarah: The word occurs in seven places. The word independently does not have the sense 'bala'. been already given under vannamani 1.11.55). (Details have 6. Tvaksah: Its two forms tvaksasa and tvaksamsi occur in three places. In two places it is used in the sense assigned. Tvaksamsi in RV VIII.20.6 is interpreted as diptanyabharanani; and tvaksasa in VI. 18.9 as satrunam tanu-kartra (Indra). In 7. Sardhah: The word occurs in fiftyseven places. forty five places it is used in the sense assigned. In rest of the places, it is used in the sense of tejas or marudgana (III.19.4; II.3.3). $ 8. Badhah: The word occurs in three places (VI.11.1; VIII.45.40; IX.105.6) in the sense of badhaka-gana or himsa.

315 9. Nrmnam: The word occurs with its forms in thirty places. In nine places it is used in the sense assigned. In twenty one places it is explained as dhana (wealth). In one place it is used in the sense of 'man'. Sayana gives alternative meanings: dhana or bala in two places (VII.56.5; X.102.8). The word is also listed in dhananamani (Nigh.2.10.20). 10. Tavisi: The word is used with its forms in thirtynine places. Out of these in thirty six places it is used in the sense assigned. In two places it is interpreted as mahatim (X.112.5; 142.3) and in X. 113.5 it is explained as mahatih senah. 11. Susmam: The word with its forms occurs in sixty eight places: Out of these, in fifty five places the word is used in the sense assigned. In rest of the places it is used in the sense of sosakateja or ivala etc. 12. Susnam: The word with its three forms occurs in thirtyseven places. Only in one place it is used in the sense assigned (X.22.7). In other thirty five places, it is interpreted as asura' in general. In V.54.5 the word is explained as sosayituh adityasya. 13. Daksah: The word occurs with its other forms in

I son war 316 eighty four places. In fifty places, it is used in the sense of bala, and in twenty six places as pravrddha. places it is also interpreted as prajapati etc. In other A few 3 examples are given below. 14. Vilu: The word with its forms occurs in sixteen places. In all the places the word is used in the sense assigned i.e. bala or drdha (e.g. 1.71.2; 127.3). ** 15. Cyautnam: The word with its other forms occurs in nine places. It is used in the sense assigned; but in VI.18.8 it is explained as cyavanaya nasanaya. The word eyotnah occurs in X.50.4 in the sense of Indra (cyavayita bhuvah). 16. Susam: The word with its forms occurs in twenty four places. In twelve places, it is used in the sense assigned. But the form Susah (IX.71.2) is explained as Satrunam sosako balavan Somah, In other twelve places it is used in the sense NY 3. r. 3. 27.10. daksasya duhita vedyadi laksana bhumih 8 • #.10.5.7 prajapateh | yadva tredhatmanam vyabhajatadityam trtiyam vayum | sa . bra . 10.6.538 r. 10.139.6. daksatyudakam prayacchatiti daksovarsanasamarthe meghah | r .5.10.2• balasya dhanasyava |

1 317 of sukha (happiness). Sayana quotes Nighantu in I.131.2 Susan iti balanama. The word is also listed in sukhanamani (Nigh.3.6.10). ccure 17. Sahah: The word with its forms occurs in one hundred and eighty four places, In all the places it is used in the sense assigned; but as a part of an epithet (e.g. sahasah (putra somah, agnih etc.), in some places. agnih The word already has been explained under udaka-namani (Nigh,1,12.40). 18. Yahah: The word is listed also in udaka-namani (Nigh. 1.12.42). But it is not used in any of the Vedas. 19. Vadhah: The word with its forms occurs in forty nine places. It is not used in the sense assigned. In thirtythree places, it is used in the sense of weapon, and in thirteen places as vaira. The word is also included in vajranamani (Nigh.2.20.8). In IX.52.3, Sayana explains the word vadhaih as gravanam praharaih. In two places it is used as hanta (1.101; II.21.4), 20. Vargah: The word does not occur in any of the Vedas. R 21. Vrjanam: The word with its forms occur in sixty six places. Out of these, in thirty five places it is used in <

318 the sense assigned. In thirteen places the word is explained as samgrama or yuddha; and Sayana explains as samgrama namaitat (x.176.1). But the word is not listed as the synonym of 'war' (Nigh.2.17). The word is also used in other meanings; a few examples are given below. 4 22. Vrk: The word does not occur in any of the Vedas. 23. Majmana: The word occurs in twenty two places. Out of these, in nineteen places it is used in the sense assigned. In two places it is explained as sarvasya Sodhakena (1.51.10; In.III.46.3 and X.-29.6 it is explained as batrunam 55.5). majjaka. 24. Paumsyani: The word and its forms occur in forty six places. The word is used in the sense of 'bala' in forty three places. In two places it is used in the sense of samgrama. Sayana interpretes the word as pumso bhavah in RV II.13.10. The form paunsye is listed under sangramanamani (2.17.40). 40 r.| 173.6. vrjanam | vrjeh kartanarthasyedam rupam | • ba. 1. 164.9. vrjanesu | udakavatsu megha paktisu | r . 1. 101.8. vrcyate riktikriyate asmin dhanamiti vrjanam grham |

25. Dharnasih: The word occurs in twelve places. It is used in the sense of dharaka (supporter or sustainer). 26. Dravinam: The word occurs with its forms in forty two places. Only in one place, that too as an alternative meaning, the word is used in the sense assigned (1.96.8)' dhanasya balasya va. In forty one places the word is used in the sense of dhana, e.g. pasvadi dhana (IV.20.9), yagaphalarupa dhana (x.125,2) etc. Dravinah is interpreted as agni invocative. The word is also listed in dhananamani (Nigh.2.10.25). 27. Syandrasah: The word does not occur in any of the Vedas. 319 28. Sambaram: The word and its forms occur in twenty two places. The word is not used in the sense assigned. The word has been already explained under meghanamani (Nigh. 1.10.14). No. The above discussion may be given in a tabular form: Word No.of times used in the RV. No.of times used in the sense assigned 1. Ojah 190 2. Pajah 23 3. Savah 223 178 15 218

No. Word 320 No. of times used in the RV. No.of times used in the sense assigned 23 4. Tavah 42 5. Sarah 7 6. Tvaksah 3 2 7. Sardhah 57 45 8. Badhah 3 9. Nrmnam 10. Tavisi ៩.៩ 9 30 . 39. 36 11. Susmam 68 55 12. Susnam 37 1 13. Daksah 84 26 14. vilu 16 16 15. Cyautnam 9 7 16. Susam 24 12 17. Sahah 154 154 18. Yahah 19. Vadhah 49 20. Vargah 21. Vrjanam 66 35 22. Urk 23. Majmana 22 19 24. Paunsyani 46 $ 25. Dharnasih 12 - 43 dharaka (sustainer)

NO. Word No. of times used in the RV. 26. Dravinam 42 27. Syandrasah 28. Sambaram 22 321 Nolof times used in the sense assigned To put in a nut-shell, four words are not used in the´ Roveda. Out of those which are used, four are not used in the sense assigned; and three words are explained only in less than five places in the sense assigned. t