Part 3 - Manusyanamani (Manushya Nama)

The following twenty five words are listed as synonyms of man. 1 282 Manusyah (men) are so called because they connect their works after having thought about them (man); or because they are created by a wise creator, or they are the offspring of Manu. The verb manasyati is used in the sense of being wise (Niru. 3.7). 2 1 1, Manusyan: The word with its other forms occurs in twenty three places. In 1.148.1 Sayana quotes Yaska's derivation in detail (Niru. 3.7) and interpretes the word manusyesu In rest of the places the word is as matva karma kurvatisu. used in the sense assigned.. 1. 1. manusyoh 2. nareh 2. 6. ksitayah 7. krstayah 11. FRIT: 12. Huf: 16₁ hrddayarvah 17. ayah 21. jagatah 22. tasthusah 25. prtana . 3. dhavah 4. jantavahh 5. viseh 8. carsnayah 9 nahusah 10. harayah 13. martah 14. pratah 15. turvasah 18. yadevah 19. anamvah 20. purvah 23. pancajanah 23. pancajanah 24. vivasvantah matva karmani sivyanti | manasyamanena srstah manasyatih | punarmanasvi bhave | manorapatyam | | niru . 3070

i 283 2. Narah: The word with its forms occurs in 308 places. Out of these in fifty places the word is clearly used in the sense of a man, (For further details refer supra to asvanamani Nigh.1.14.23). they but occuts in AV. : 3. Dhavah: The word does not occur in any of the Vedas. (Dhavah Pai. 20.61.7). 4. Jantavah: The word occurs in seventeen places. It is used in general to mean jata (born), In two places Sayana interpretes it as 'man' (V.19.3; VII.104.16), in four places yajamana, and in rest of the places as praninah (living beings). 5. Visah: The word with its forms occurs in one hundred and thirty five places. The word is used in the sense of man in one hundred and twenty eight places (i.e. praja, manusya, yajamana etc.). Sayana interpretes the word in V.9.3 as 4 3 follows. In two places he interpretes it as the group of Maruts. In IX.94.1 he explains it as ray's (rasmayah); and in VIII.23.13 he interpretes visi nivesane grhe (home). 3. 4. #.5.9.3. faulty i fampa yfquiza ufafafa fan: prajah | tasam dhartaramagnim 1. r. 1.50 5. devanam visah marunnamakan devan | "maruto devanam visah * tai . sam . 2.2.5.78 iti srutyantarat | r . 8.95.3. marudgananam sarvesam devagananam |

F 284 r da lian 6. Ksitayah: The word with its forms occurs in forty five places. In forty two places it is used in the sense of man. In two places he gives alternative meanings i.e. earth or man. (For details refer supra Nigh.1.1.8). 7. Krstayah: The word occurs with its forms in fifty three places. It is used in the sense assigned. Sayana % 1 explains the word in detail while dealing with the two rks RV 43.7; 59.1. 5 8. Carsanayan: The word occurs with its forms in fifty nine places. It is used in the sense assigned except in one place: (1.46.4). There, it is explained as karmano drasta. In VIII.68.4 Sayana interpretes carsaninam as soldiers (sainikanam) " 9. Nahusah: The word with its forms occurs in twenty two places. In twelve places it is clearly explained as man. In ten places, the word is used in the sense of a king called 5. .3.43.7. krstih | akarsanti vasikurvanti karmana mata sia gocul ageut: 1 r. 59.1. karmavato manusyan | krstaya iti manusyanama | karmavanto bhavanti, vikrsta deha va |

J 285 Nahusa. In one place (VI.26.7 the word nahusa is interpreted as satrunam bandhakena (Indrena). 1 10. Harayah: The word occurs in thirty two places. No where it is used in the sense assigned except the meaning of rtvik (IX. 96.2). In twenty four places it is used as horse (haritavarna asva); and in six places as haritavarnah somah. In I.164.47 it is an adjective as udakasya hartarah (rasmayah). While explaining the rk IX, 96.2, he gives alternative meanings." 6 4 ' 1 11. Maryah: The word occurs with its forms in twenty nine places. Out of these the word is used in the sense of 'man' in twenty five places. In three places it is interpreted as used in an adjective marayitarah to Indra and others. In I.173.2 the sense of manusa, the name of a rtvik (maryah hota stannamakah gtvik). ' 12. Martyah: The word and its forms occur in one hundred and eighty five places. Out of these, in one hundred and eightythree places the word is used in the sense of mortal (man) or yajamana (maranadharmanah). In III.30.15 the word is explained as marayitarah. And in V.53.15, the word martyah is explained as sudevah (kalyana marut samjnakadevopetah). 6. 'r.9.96.2. harantyabhisuvanti somamiti rtvijah adgulayo va | f

t 286 31 K 13. Martah: The word is interpreted with its forms in one hundred and thirty nine places. In one hundred and thirty seven places the word is used in the sense assigned. But in 1.72.4 and III.15.6 it is used in the sense of marudgana and Satru respectively. 1 14. Vratah: The word with its forms occurs only in eight places. It is generally used in the sense of a group (pancajana, devagana, indriyasangha etc.). In X.34.12, Sayana comments, ganavratayoh alpo bhedah. 15. Turvasah: The word with its forms occurs in twenty places. Only in two places it is interpreted as manusya (1.108.8; VII.4.19). In seventeen places it is used in the sense of a king called Turvasa. In 1.47.7 the form turvase is used as adhike samipe. The word turvase is listed in antikanamani (Nigh.2.16.4). 16. Druhyavah: The word with its forms occurs in six places. In VII.18.6 it is used in the sense of soldiers (yodhah). In two places it is interpreted as stotarah, called druhyava and others. In other three places it is used in the sense of a king Druhyava. Sayana explains the word as 'men' in I.108.8. 8.7 ' 7. atra yadusam ityadini pancamanusyanamani | yadrsu, turvasesa, anusu purusa stotajanesu | |

I 287 17. Avavah: The word with its forms used in forty one places. In forty places it is used in the sense assigned. } In IX.23.2 the word is interpreted as sighragamanah asvah. In three places it is used as gaccantah or gantarah (I.131.2; IX.23.4; 107.14); but they are attributed to men. In V.7.6 he gives alternative meaning, ayave annartham mitrartham yajamanartham va. 18. Yadavah: The word and its forms are used in fifteen places. They are used in the sense of a king called Yadu; except in I.108.8. There it is used in the sense of men and Sayana explains it. 8 19. Anavah: The word occurs in five places. In two places it is interpreted in the sense assigned (V.31.4 and II.41.6); (akutilam yaiamanam). In two places it is used in the sense of a king called Anu. In IV. 13.3 it is explained as anavasyantah avimuncantah kurvanta eva. 3 8° r. 1. 108.8. yudusa | niyatesu paresam ahimsakesam manusyesu " * yama uparame | niyamyante indriyanyebhiriti yadavah |

Y 288 20. Puravah: The word occurs with its forms in twenty three places. It is used in the sense assigned; except in two places. In VII.8.4 the word puram is interpreted as puru namakam asuram and in IV.46.8; VII.5.3, it is explained as a king of that name. Sayana interpretes with derivations in two places. 9 21. Jagatah: The word occurs in thirty eight places with its forms. In thirty one places it is used in the sense of jangama or pranijata and in five places as world (sthavara jangamatmaka). In I.164.25 jagata is interpreted as the rk produced in that prosody i.e. samajagat. And the form jagati is explained in I.164.23, as dyuloke where all are bound to go (sarvair gantavve udgata-tame va). 22. Tasthusah: The word occurs in eight places. It is used in the sense of sthitavantah (praninah). shi 9. r. 1. 10.8 8. purusa | kamaih purayitavyesu anyesu stotrjanesu | pururiti manusyanama "puravah jagatah " nigha . 2.3.200 iti tannamata 8 pathat | r . 10.4.1. purace | manusyaya yajamanaya havibhirdevana purayitre janaya |

289 23. Pancajanah: The word occurs in nine places, and the number panca occurs in four places; where it is used in the same sense, (i.e. pancajana). The word is compounded with vrata (IV.14.2), carsanih (VII.15.2), ksitinam (1.176.3) etc., which are listed as the synonyms of 'men'. Sayana quoting Yaska explains in detail. They are used in the sense of nisadadi varnah, devah, gandharvah, manusyah etc. 10 In 24. Vivasvantah: Its forms occur in thirty two places. In eighteen places it is used in the sense of yajamana. rest of the places vivasvatah is used as Yama (VIII.67.20), Aditya (x.39.12), Vivasvatam (X.14.5; X.17.1); Manu (X.63.1; VIII.52.1), etc. - 25. Prtana: The word occurs in fonty eight places. In twenty nine places the word is interpreted as samgrama or yuddha (war), In eighteen places it is used to mean sena (army). ,,,11, In one place sayana explains it as people and says "It is a synonym of man. The word is also listed in sangramanamani (Nigh.2.17.19). 10. 11. - "gandharvah pitaro . 1.89 10. nisadapah camascatvaro varnah | yadva gandharvah, pitaro deva, asura, raksamsi | taduktam yaskena | deva asura raksamsityeke catvaro varnah, nisadah pancama ityaupamanyavah | r . 1. 157.2. prtanasu | asmadiyasu putrabhrtyadi manusyarupata prajasu | pamtana iti manusyanama | iti tannamasuktatvat | 'vivasvantah, prtanah ni . 2.3.25.8 yatha prtanasu parakiyasu prajasu | |

290 No. No. of times used in the BV. 1 1. Manusyah 23 2. Narah 308 The above discussion may be given in a tabular form: Word No of times used in the sense assigned i 22 50 (as netarah in many places) 3. Dhavah f 4. Jantavah 17 5. Visah 135 6 ('born' in general living being) 128 6. Ksitayah 45 42 7. Krstayah 53 53 8. Carsanayah 59 58 9. Nahusah 22 12 (in rest of the places used as king) 10. Harayah 32 11. Maryah 29 25 * 12. Martyah 185 183 13. Martah 139 137 14. Vratah 8 -' (group) 15. Turvasah 20 2 16. Druhyavah 6 (names) 17. Ayavah 41 *40 18. . Yadavah 15 19. Anavah 5 10 1 (king) 2 20. Pururavah 23 21 21. Jagatah 38 31 *

No. Word No. of times used 22. Tasthusah 8 23. Paficajanah 9 24. Vivasvantah 32 25. Prtana 48 291 No. of times used in the sense assigned - (sthitavantah) 18 1 To conclude the discussion in a nut-shell, it may be pointed out that one word is not used in the Veda and five words are not used strictly in the sense assigned. i sheng