Part 15 - Upayojanani (Upayojana)

The following ten words are listed here. 1 Yaska in his Nirukta (2.28) says that, they mention the specified 2, gods for the knowledge of association. The carrder animals of the different divinities are stated here. 253 1. Harl Indrasya: The word har occurs in eighty five places. Its other forms occur in one hundred and thirty four places. In all these places it is used in the sense 3 of a horse. In some places the horse belongs to soma also (i.e. I. 104.1 haribhyam) But the form harl, is exclusively interpreted as Indra's horses. Sayana explains in his interpretation quoting TS and Nighantu. 4 11. indrasya 2. rohito'gneh 3.harita adityasya 4. rasabhavasvinauh 5. ajah pusnah 6. pursatyo marutomh 7. arunya gave ustam 8. syavah sevitah 9. visvarupa brhaspateh 10. niyuto vayoh | 2. dasottaranyadistopayojanananityacaksate sahacaryajnanaya | 3. haribhih, haribhyam, harim, harinam | 40 hari sabda indrarathasya vodhari asvi acaste | tatha ca srutyantaram " haryoh sthata " iti, "haribhyam tvendro devatam gamayatu * tai . sam . 1.4.18.1, 1.6.4.3.8 iti ca | etadevabhipretya nighantukara aha "hari indrasya * 8 anagha . 1.15.1.8 iti | r . 1.5.2. hari etannamati dvavasva sarathyah | indra sambandhinorasvayoh harinamatvam hari indrasya rohitagneh 8 ni . 1. 15.1.8 iti pathitam |

25% 2. Rohito-qneh: The word rohita occurs in five places in the sense assigned (I. 14,12; VII.42.2; 1.94.10; II.10.2; III.2.3). Sayana interpretes them as horses of Agni, 5 quoting Nighantu (refer supra to nadinamani 1.13.18). 3. Harita adityasya: The word harita occurs in twelve places in the sense assigned. Sayana interpretes them as either rays or horses (I.130.2). It is interesting to note that to support his interpretation once he quotes Nighantu, by name and in the other places he quotes Nirukta. (Refer Nigh.1,6.8; 1.13.12 and 2.5.12). 6 5. 6. r. 1.94.11. rohita lohitavarni | rohitaityagnesvasyakhya "rohito'gneh " nigha . 1.15.2-8 iti darsanat rohita \ tva'gnirdevatam gamayatu * tai . sam . 107.4.3.8 iti mantravarnacca | " ete vai devasvah * 8tai . sam . 1.7.4.3.8 iti hi tatra vyakhyatam | r . 1.50.8. haritah asvah rasaharanasila rasmayo va | haritah iti adityasvanam samjna, "harita adityasya 8 nigha . 1.15.3.8 iti nighantavuktatvat | 7.60.3. saptaharitah | haridvarnanasvan | *harita adityasya " iti hi niruktam | dra0 r . 1. 138. 4. aja asva

4. Rasabhavasvinoh: The word rasabha occurs in fize places with its forms. Sayana explains it as vahana os Asvins. He explains the word as 'a donkey in place of a horse' (asvasthaniyasya gardabhasya) (1.34.9). 255 5. Ajah pusnah: The word aja and its compound forms (aja-asvah, aja-asvam) accur in eight places (VI.57.3, X.26.8; I,134.42; VI,55.3; VI.58.2; IX.67.10; VI.55.4), They are used as vahana of pusan. Sayana explains them quoting both the words i.e. Nirukta and the Nighantu naming Yaska as the author. 7 6. Prsatyo Marutam: The word prsati occurs with its forms in nineteen places. It is used in the sense assigned. Sayana explains it quoting the Nighantu and the Nirukta in many places. (a few examples are given below). 7. 8. 8 r. 4. 57.3.. hai ajasva pusan | " ajasveti pusanamaha " treniru . 4. 25.8 iti yaskah | iti yakah | ajah pusnah " nigha . 1. 15.5.8 r. 1. 186.8. pusat asvasah | prsatu varnasvah | "prsatyo marutam ] nigha . 115.6.8 iti yaskah | ! r. 1.86.4. prsatih | pusatyah marudvahananam samjna | prsanyo mahatam nigha . 1. 15.6. ityuktatvat | prsabhih svetabindubhiryuktah mrgih | r . 1.64.8. prsatya iti marutam vahanasyakhya | gary: ranfa-cls. mat yra scdfnetTAST: I ATTE meghamaleti nairuktah |

256 7. Arunyo gava usasam: The words arunyo qavah occur in fifteen places. They are used in the sense, assigned. Sayana explains it as the vehicle of goddess Usas, i.e. rays are called the vehicle of Usas. He quotes in detail. 8. Syavah savithh: The word byava with its forms is used in nine places (I.35.5; 126.3; VI.48,67 VII:46.23; I,100.16;. II,10,2; X.68.11; V.61.9; VI.48.6). Sayana explains it as Syama varnau asvau, He quotes Nighantu (1.15.8) to interpretes the word in RV. I. 35.5 as etanramakah suryasvah. 9. r. 1.124. 11. arunamnam gavam | prasidvanam etannamakanam asvanam va | arunyo gava usatam | " syavah savituh nigha . 1. 15.7-88 iti | yatha loke vahanasamnaham drstva prayanamanumiyate tatha atrapi arunarasminamasvanam darsanat utra magacchatityadhyavasiyate | yadva arunanam saminam samuham yunkte | r . 1. 49.1. arunapsavah, arunavarna gavah | arunah savoyasam tastathoktah | atra vatsanam arunya pratipadanat matrnanapi tathatvam gamyate | "paitrkamasva anuharante | matrkam gavo anuharante " 8 pa . ma. 1.3.21.58 iti gonardiyah | tasam ca usovahanatvam nighantayuktam- "arunyo gava usasam ni . 15.78 iti | r . 10.61.4. asnisu arunavarnata gosu | " arunyo gava usmam iti niruktam | usahkale |

257 9. Visvarupa brhaspatch: The word visvarupa occurs in twenty two places with its forms. Except in two places it is used in the sense of adjective to Tivasta, Indra etc. In one place, sayana uses it as adjective to Brhaspati's vehicle with explainations. 10 In another place (1.161.6) he rejects the meaning horse and interpretes it as cow, 11 10. Niyuto vayoh: The word niyut with its forms 13 used in the sense of asva (vehicle) in all the thirty-six places, But it is also used with Asvins, Indra and others, as their vehicles (VI.62.11; VI.45.21), In three places Sayana clearly states that it is the vehicle of Vayu. 13 10. 11. 12. r. 3.62.6. visvarupam | vyaptarupam | yadva | visvarupanamaka- govahanopetam | tathaca mantravarnah- "brhaspatirvisvarupa supajata " 8 r. 1. 161.68 iti | rr . 1.161.6. visvarupam nanarupopetam gam | yadyapyatra gauriti viposi na srutah, tathapi purva dhenuh karvetyuktatvat purastacca, * ye dhenum visvajuvam visvarupanam * . 4.33.8.8 iti vaksyamagatvacca visvarupa gaurityevadhyavasiyate | ata eva visvarupam itnasyasva- pamktiriti kecana acacakse tadasat | r . 135.1. niyuta iti vayokhavanam namadheyam, "niyuto vayoh nigha . 1.15.10. iti niruktatvat ! r. 10.3.6. niyubhih | " niyuto vayoh " tadyuktaih vayubhih samyukta samayah | , iti bayova niyutah |

1 On the basis of the above discussion the following observations may be noted down: I. Unlike in the other lists of synonyms, here the anthor gives the name of the vehicle specified for each god or goddess. 259 4 II. They are used in many places in the sense assigned. L III. Sayana quotes either Nighantu or Nirukta while explaining the word at least in one place, except in the case of two words (i.e. rasabhavasvinoh and visvarupa brhaspatch). 0 i 1 1