Part 9 - Aharnamani (Ahan Nama)

The following twelve words are listed as synonyms of day. 1 Yaska in his Nirukta (2.20) derives the word ahan. He states "ahan (day) is so called because people accomplish "2 works during this period. The word is not included En the list of synonyms. 1. Vastoh: The word occurs in twenty four places. In eighteen places it is used in the sense of day. In two places Sayana gives alternative meanings. gives the meaning differently.4 In X.189.3, he 4. vasaram 5. svasamrani 1 . dinam 10. divam 11. dive dive 1 1. vastau h 2. Nal 3. bhanuh 4. vasaram 6. sah 9. 7. dharma 8. ghrnah 12. dyavidyavi | 2. ahah kasmat | upaharantyasmin karmani | 3 or pra . 1.174.3. vastum | yadva | vasayitum sthapayitum karayitumityarthah | 10.110.4. *vasa acchadane " | yadva | vasanayacchadanartham | addanam | vasarasya ahoratrasya avayavabhutani | ahasabdo vadharane | } }

2. Dyuh: The word does not occur in the Roveda. 128 3. Bhanuh: The word occurs with its forms in fifty three places, In nine places the word is used in the sense of the sun (IV.45.1; VII.34.7; IX.85.12; X. 123.8; bhanawah III.1.14; VI.65.1; bhanum 1.40.2, 41.5; IV.13,2). In rest of the places the word is interpreted as dipti, or 'telas' or rasmi. Nowhere it is used as 'day. 1 4. Vasaram: The word occurs in two places with its other form vasarani.5 Nowhere it is used in the sense of day. The word vasarl occurs at I.137.3. 6 5. Svasarani: The word is listed also in the following other two sections of the Nighantu: 1) goshanamani 3.4.10; 11) caturuttaramasitih padani 4.2.22. 7 The word occurs with its other forms in thirteen places. The word is explained as day in four places (1.3.8, III,60.61 svasaresu. [1.2.2; VIII.88.1). 5. 8.6.30. (HYTCHA: 5-grug Thotadi avaczu faarazz hetubhutam va | yadva | vasarani | 8.48.7, vasarani | jagadasakani ahani 6° 1.137.3. vasarim | sarvagacchaditapayaka bahuksiram ityarthah | yadva | paya adina acchadayitrim | 7. Fancy, Fadeza, zaht, zaking | svasamram, svasamrasya, svaresu | i

1 The word is interpreted as gra in three places (i,e. II.60.6, VIII.99.19; II.34.8). tas ☑ While explaining the two Rks 1.3.8. and VIII.88.1, Sayana quotes Yaska's Nirukta (5.4), and says in I.3.8: rasminamasu tatha aharnamasu pathitam. But the word svasarani is not listed in the synonyms of the rays, Yaska states "Svasarani means day; they move of their own accord, or else svar means the sun, he causes them to move. In the other places Sayana explains the word in different ways. .8 9. ༣ 129 8. svataranyahani bhavanti | svayamsarinyapi va svaradityo bhavati | sa enani sarayati | 9. 1.34.7. svasarani sarirani | " 2.19.20 sustu aryante preryante iti svasarani kulayah | 6.68.10. svasaram margam | 3.6104 sustvasyati ksipati tama iti svasarah surye vasari va | tasya svasarasya patni 8 5.62.2. svayam sarturadityasya | $

} { I 130 6. Ghramsah: Its two forms occur in four places (1.e. ghramsam and ghrase). Sayana gives the assigned meaning 10 in two places. In other two places he gives the meaning apti (VII, 69, 43 V. 44,72, Yaska interpretes it as a synonym of day. It is so day called because juices are, evaporated during the period 11 (Niru.6.19). 12 7. Gharmah: The word is listed in vainanamani also (Nigh.3.17.15). The word with its forms occurs in twenty eight places. The word is not interpreted as 'day' by Sayana. In nine places the word is interpreted as 'pravargya and in six places as "Mahavira : In two places the word is explained as 'yajna' vaina' (V.76.1; X.16.10). In other places 10. 1. 116.8. dipyamanam | atraisadhamanarthamasuraih praksiptam tusagnim pramsasam | ahanamitat | samarthyat vidayakalinam ahah 1 5.34.3. se 1 ahanamaiिtat | grhayante smin rasa iti sah | 11. pramsa ityaharnami | grasyante asmin rasah | | 12. dharmam, gharma, ghamamda iva dharmah dharme, dharminah, ghumatih | t

1 131 1 13 1 Yaska in his Nirukta the word is explained differently. Ex (11.42.43) 14 refers to 'gharma'. He explains: "Warm milk oozing out this (cow) is the giver of the warm milk' say the ritualists." , 15 8. Chrnah: Its forms occur in nine places. The word is interpreted as 'dipti' except in X.37.10. There the word is explained as native meanings in I.141.4, ausnyena. Sayana gives alter- 16 9. Dinam: Only the form 'dinasya' occurs in VIII.78.10. It is explained as chinnasya. ' 17 13. 14. 1.112.1. dharmam | pravr janena diptim | 1.119.6. asuraih pidartham pradhiptam dipyamanam tusagnim yadva | havisamatraye mayi agnaye paritaptam suryakiranaih samtaptam dharmam | 1164.28. ksirasya ksaranasilam | 8.87.2. ghu ksaranadiptyoh " | patresu ksarantam somam | yam | madhumantam | madhurmadakarah somah tadantam gharma ' mahavirapatragata ksira pibantam samam ceti | 10.114.1. dharma | agnadityau | B. 103.9. dharmah dharmakale vartamanah | gharma haranam | dharmadhugiti yajnikah | 15. ghrna, ghrna, ghrnamta, ghrneh, ghrnene, 16. yajamanesvanugrahena | yadva | ghrnam ghrni diptiman | 17. dinasya va purvameva chinnasyava yavasya | t }

132 10. Diva: The word occurs in twenty six places in the sense assigned, except in VI.3.61, where it is explained as dyotamana telasa. Only in one place, i.e. VII.62.1 the word is interpreted as ahani. The form dive is used as an adjective. It may be added that diva and dive (note that the accent is on the second syllable 'va' and've' respectively), occur in ten and fifteen places respectively; they are mainly interpreted as 'dyuloka. 11. Divedive: The word occurs in forty seven places in the sense 'pratidinam. the Raveda. The word is used as adverb in 1 12. Dyavi-dyavi: The word occurs in two places (1.4.1; 25.1) in the sense 'pratidinam. ; To conclude, the word dyuh does not occur in the FV. Other five words, i.e. bhanu, vasaram, gharma, ghrna, and dinam are not used in the sense assigned. Only the last three words listed in this list are used in the sense assigned fully. 3

} D The above discussion may be summarised in a tabular 133 form: Words No.of times used in the RV. No. of times used in the sense assioned 1 Vastoh 24 16 2 Dyuh t 3 Bhanuh 53 4 Vasaram 3 5 Svasarani 13 4 6 Ghramsah 4 2 7 Gharmah 28 03 8 Ghrnah 9 9 Dinam 1 10 Diva 26 25 11 Divedive 47 47 12 Dyavidyavi 2