Nighantu (critical study)
by Gopalakrishna N. Bhat | 1985 | 71,168 words
This is an English study of the Nighantu and its commentary called the Nirukta by Yaska. The Nighantu is an ancient Sanskrit lexicon dealing with the words of the Vedic language. This essay presents a detailed analysis of the extant five chapters of this text and examines it's authorship, tracing meanings of words through Vedic texts by providing a...
Appendix
} 490 48.1. om atharvana namah || APPENDIX kautsavya niruktaniyantuh 2. 8 pacati | pacate | asanasi | sisrate | gameh | vayi | cayi || | || 1 vyapi | cakri | devacaste | ava cakasat | vyanase | tripi nisamayatyoh | yositih sapte ca || 2 || ri jati | 8 | | | | 3. vasmi | vasmi | - usamasi | ava veti | vanchati | vesti | vanoti | 10. jusate | haryati | a cake | usik | manyate | achantsuh || 3 || chantsat | cakanatu | cakamanah | kanati | kanisat | kame || 4. mimeti || 4 || nardati | dhvanati || 5. dhvamsate | krnati | kimsakte || 8 6. vanati | bhanati | stati | sphurjati | 7. haladate | niti | haladayati || 8. sabdayati || 1 . arcati | arcati | rebhati | gayati | jalpati | stobhati | stauti | yauti | roti | nauti | gadati | nadati | bhanati | bhanate | 8 natrate | 8 panate | panasyati | panayate | bhandate | yatrasyate | kukumpa krpanyati | dhamati | sapati | paprksah | gurdhayati | vedayati | vadayati || 5 || valgayati | mahayati | mantrayate | sevate | prcchati || || chandati | sasamanah | ja़rate | carati | vaneti | vandate || | irajyati | irajyati || 7 || vidhema | duvasyati | namasyati | vivasati | rdhnoti | rnadvi | acchati || 011. parisava | pari-sava || 8 || pavasva | abhyarsa | asisah ||
: 12. 491 13. 1 42 15 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. imahe | imahe | yami | manmahe | dadvi | purdhi | sagdhi | mimihi | ririhi | ririti | mimiti | piparat | yantarah | isudhyati | vanemahi | manamahe | yacate || dasati | damati || 1 || damsati | siksati | mahate | prnati | rati | rasati | prati | tunjati | matsyati | dadati || urusyati | urusyati || 10 || piparti | parayati | pati | pasati | prati | tu-jati | prnati | rathe || a vayati | a vayati | bharvati | vamasti | venati | veti | vevesti | avisyan | gapsati | vapsati | bhasathah | babdham | dhruvadati | adeti | tirati | tvisyati | hinoti | vrddheh || 8 utpapiti | utpapiti || || || tapati | pimpahu | sahoti | yugmidi bhedayojanayosca || te | te || 12 || bhamate | hrniyate | srinati bhesate | dosati | hedah | harah | hanih | tyajah | bhamah | manyuh | krodhe namani ca krodhasya || nathati | pranathati || 13 || dovati | kurvati | 8 turvati | manusyati | dhanusyati | srrnati | mrnati | bhrjjati | amati | trnedi | dabhnoti | 1 susati | dhvarati | dhurvati | krntati | vasati | snehayati | mudrati | 8 saghnati | dasati | strnute | starate | nivapati | 8 amati | riti | inadvi | inadvi || 14 || svarati | hrsyati | pathati | srjati | jyotate | dyotate 1 ghopyate | bhrajate | bhasate | didayati | sadhate | ghumat | jamat | kalmali kinam | malmalabhavan | janjanabhavan | arcih | socih | tapah | tejah | harah | sragani | jvale jvalatasca namani || krnati ni tojati | yatayate | akhadalam | tadit | himsayam ||
492 irajyati | irajyati || 15 || patyate | ksayati | rajati | isvare || | svastyayapi | svaye || g 6 sisakti | saicati | tecate || 21. 22. 23. 24. 25* 26. hrniyate | bhrniyate || 27" 28' abibhatte 18 abhi dasate | abhi manyate || bibharti | dadhati | dharayate || vadayate | punati | panayati | pujayati | vadati | kusi | hurchi | sasudyati | paladhayam || suti | radale | vyucchati | ra prasade | saruliptayam | muksati | sadare | vyucchati | apramade | sarulipsayam | vyavadi | prthagbhave osadhi - kicchrajivane | dasasyati | drohe | piyati | spardhayam | vaksati | nivase | istati | svadane || 29. pivati | pane || 30. ghinoti | prito || 31. jinvati | ubhayatra || 32. jigharti | secane || 33. visvati | visthapye || 34. gopayati | gaumpane 35* sumbhati | sobhane || 36. mucati | suddhau ca || 37, sardhati | dhvamsane 38° mrdati | sukhane || 39. caksurmimahite | drsihane || 40. vindati | labhe || 41. pusyati | vrddhau || 42. kobhati 8 | ksaye | dasyati ca ||
430 44. 45. 46. 47. srosita ca | litagutau || 8 jati | parjanyah | rjugamane || vacastayati | vilase || radati | khanane || sevati | a krosati | sparsa || 48 nasati | nayate || 1 49. jigharti | grahane | girane ca || } 50. mandati | trptau || 51" 8 amani | bhavane || 52° cakrti | prativedane || 53. jaksati | ksutsahane || } 54° dilasyati | aslese || 55. bhajati | prepsayam || 56: sevati | sevayasa || 57: haladayati | sitibhavane || 58. 493 1 59. 60. 61. kasati || prakasane || danamanuparivasyate || 8 rodasi || 16 || rodasi | rodhasi | ksoni | svadhe | puramdhi | rtavrtau | prapitve | pratisthe | prasasye | uruci | santape | rajasi | visane | visnaye | gabhire| gambhire || 17 || onyau | camvau | naptyau || 18 || parsvo | dure ante | anante | dyavaprthivyoh || $ apah | apah || 19 || aghnah | damsah | veyah vedah | vesah | vistvi | vratam | karvaram | sakma krtah | karanani | kamsi | karikrt | karanti | cakrt | kartum | karta | kartave | thalita | himsayam | inadvi | dhih | | savah | sami | saktih | silpam | karmanah || 1 }
62° 63° i I 494 asaima asema || 20 ukthyah | sunithah | || anecha | anindyah | anabhisastih | anavadyah | pakah | prasasyah sya | J agah | ' agah | enah | amhah | ripuh | duritam | asastih | samalam | vrjinam | aghasya || 64, simbata | simbata || 21 || satara | satavanta | silpam | sevadham | syumakam | mayah | dyotanam | sudinam | susam | dhumnam | indriyam | sivam | sanam | sam | bhesajam | jalasam | sukhasya || m | 65. 66. nirrtih | nirrtih || 22 || krcchrama | trpam | duhkhasya # tuvi | puru | bhari | sasvat | visvam | vyanasih | vyomani || ,, 67% 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. pratam | sahasam | ayutam | niyamtam | prayutam | arbudam | atyarbudam | asamkhyeyam | sariram | bahoh || grahan | grahan | nighrsvah | krsamah | mayukah | pratistha | krdhuka | daharakah | vamrakah | arbhakah | athuranah | hrasvasya || mahah | mahah | baghnah | rsvah | uksah | ucitah | gabhirah | abhavah | tavasah | rbhuksa | uksa | uksita vihayah | yaddavah | uru | brhat | ambhrnah | virapsi | adbhutah | vavisinah | varisih | mahatah || navam | navam || 23 || nutanam | nrtnam | navyam | adhuna | idanim | navasya || pratnam || 24 || pratnam | pradivah | pravayah | sanemi | moktah | mahuh | yatah | puranastha || adhayah || 25 || satra T | baa | rtam | adva | satyasya || gauh | gauh || 26 || gmam | jma | ksma | tha | ksama | ksoni | ksitih | avanih | urvi | mahi | ripah | aditih | ida | nirrtih | gatuh | bhuh | bhumih | pusa | gotra | prthivyah | parani | tadayatananam ||
ben 495 73. 74, 75° 760 tadit | tadit | asat | ambaram | turvasa | astamike | upake | ava ki | antamanam | avame | upame | antikasya || prayavi | syavi | ksapa | sarvari | aktuh | u | urmya | ramya | namya | vosa | dosa | nakta | namah | rajah | asikri | tamasvati | damasvati | mahasvati | yasasvati | ghrtaci | sirina | moki | soki | athah | payah | hima | vasvi | ratreh | 1 arnah | arnah || 27 || garah | ksodah | sradma | nabhah | ambhah | kabandham | salilam | vah | vanam | ghrtam | madhu | purisam | pippalam | ksiram | visam | retah | sakam | jaddama | bubakam | busam | tugracah | suksmam | varunah | sura | ararindani | dhvasmanvat | jami | ayudhani | ksapah | ahih | aksarah | trptih | rasah | sarah | payah | bhesajam | avah 1 savah | sahah | ojah | sukham | ksatram | avayah | subham | yadah | bhutam | bhavanam | bhavisyat | apah | mahat | vyoma | yasah | sarnikam | svargikaram | gahanam | gabhiram | gambhiram 1 gaddavaram | kam | annam | su havih | saddma | sadanam | rtam | rta yonih | tasya yonih | satyam | () niram | rayih | sat | purnam | sarvam | aksitam | sarpih | apah | pavitram | amrtam | induhh | hema | sargah | sambaram | abhvam | vanah ambu | toyam | tryam | krpitam | aksaram | dharah | vari | jalam | cunah | samstyanah | dhanapyam vidyutam | jalasam | jalasam || 28 | karburam | kasthah | idam idam | sukram | maidhyam | pavakam | pavanam | vadanam | ladanam | parvam | ambhah | bhari | udakasya || avanayah | avanayah || 29 || yahavayah | khah | sirah | hotyah | enyah | dhunayah | rujanah | vaksanah | khado arnah | rodhacakah | haritah | yositah | svasrtah | arnavah | sindhavah | kulyah | vahah | urvyah | iravatyah | parvatyah | ojasvatyah | sarasvatyah | harasvatyah | ajirah | matarah | nadinam || madhuh | vathah |
f 77. katah | katah | khatah | avatah | avatah | kivih 496 sadah | utsah | 78° 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. rsyadah | karitarah | kusayah | kevatah | trapuh 4 | kupasya || narah | narah || 30 || jantavah | visah | ksitayah | krstayah | carsanayah | nahusah | arayah | aryah | maryah | martah | tratah | purvah | turvasah | druhayavah | ayavah | yadavah | anavah | puravah | jagatah | tasthusah | pa cajanah | vivasvantah | manavah | manusyanam || nirnik | nirnik || 31 || vadrih | varsah | vapuh | asatih | apsah | rasah | ramtu | pistam | sasyam | krsanam | pesah | marutu | rupasya || parisanam | jagrtam | gardanam | krdaram | udaram | jatharam || 32 || jatharam | darddharam | 8 udarasya || ayati | ayati | cyavana | abhisu | apnavana | vinaड़ guptau | gabhasti | bahu | bhuriji | sakvari | bharine | cavah 11 aguvah | aguvah || 33 || anvyah | visah | saryah | rasanah | dhitayah | atharyah | vipah | kaksyah | haritah | svasarah | jamayah | yoktrani | yojanani | dhurah | saksah | abhisavah | didhitayah | ai . gulinam || 34 || jih | dhunih | tathah | takva | ripuh | ribhva | rikva | riva | tayuh | taskarah | vanarguh | malimlucah | adhasamsah | vrkah | stenasya || thih | thih | maidha | ketuh | caitah | cittam | krtuh | asuh | dhi | vayunam | maya | budaih || 35 viprah | viprah | vigrah | grtsah | dhirah | renuh | vainah | medhah | kanvah | prabhuh | navedah | kavih | manisi | mandhata | manascita | akenipasah | usijah | kistasah | advatayah | matayah | manuthah | medhavinah ||
497 86. maina | maina | gna | yosa | nana | ai . gana | ratayah | strinam || 36 || 87. tuka | tuka | tokam | tanayam | takma | sesah | praja | bijam | apnah | gayah | rsa jah | yahuh | sunuh | napat | apatyasya || 37 || 88. 89.) 90, 91. 92° 93. X kankam | 8 andhah | dha sinam | sravah | savah | sahah | vanah | 8 annam | vajah | pathah | prksah | pituh | sutam | ksu | dhatih | ida | isam | urjah | rasah | svadha | arkah | namah | sasam | namah | vayah | sunrta | braddama | kilalam | annasya || 38 || gartah | harmyam | niram | pastyam | duronam | durgah | svatarani | ama | damah | krttih | yonih | varma | sarma | saranam | varutham | ksaya | chandah | chadih | chardih | chaya | vesma | ajmah | kulayam | takah | grhasya || 39 magham | magham | reknah | riktham | vedah | pravatram | ratnam | rathih | ksatram | ksetram | bhagah | midham | dhumnam | indriyam | vasu | rayah | radhah | danah | vrtram | danam | vrtam | vamam | dhanasya || 40 11 hema | hema | candram | rukmam | arah | pesah | kusanam | loham | kanakam | ka canam | haritam | bhargah | amrtam | marut | datram | jatarupam | haritam | hiranyam | suvarnasya || 4 || adhnya | ahaya | usa | utiya | stri | mahi | aditih | ida | nirrtih | gaumh || 42 || C atyah | atyah | yah | arva | vaji | saptih | vaddinah | dadhikrah | dadhikrava | etagvah | etasah | paidrah | daurgahah | uccaih sravasah | tarksyah | asuh | braghnah | arusah | mascitvah | avyathayah | syenasah | suparnah | narah | varyanam | hamsasah | asvanam || 43 ||
498 94. 95. $96. 97. 98° 99. 100. rohitah | rohito gneh | niyuto vayoh | hari indrasya | visvarupa brhaspateh | prsatyo marutam | rasabhavasvinoh | arunyo gava upasam | hasya adityasya | haritah | suryasya | syavah savituh | ajah 4807: || 44 || adhvarah | adhvarah | vesah | vedah | vepah | bhayi | vidathah | savanam | hotra | istih | devatata | makhah | visnuh | induh | prajapatih | dharmah | krtah | karma | yajnasya || bharatah | bharatah || 45 || kuravah | vadyatah | vrktavarhisah | sabadhah | yatasucah | vrkah marutah || 46 || devayavah | rtvijah || rebhah | remah | jarita | karuh | kirih | surih | nadah | nadah | chandasyah | kvosanah | rudrah | krpanyuh | stamuh | stotuh || 47 || ambaram | ambaram | viyat | vyoma | barhih | svah | akasam | ayah | prthivi | bhuh | svayambhuh | adhvah | bradhnah | piritam | pitham | sagarah | salilam | samudrah | antariksasya | parani tadayatananam || 48 || atah | atah | asah | asthah | uparah | kasthah | vyom || kukubhah | disam || 51 || 49 sanih | sanih | alatrnah | kvanan | kunaruh | danavah | udadhih | I sirih | vrtrah | parvatah | camasah | ahih | abhram | balahakah | drtih | odanah | vrsandhih | vrtrah | kosah | asurah | meghasya || 50 | 10. adrih | adrih | grava | gotrah | valah | apanah | purubhojah | valisanah | asma | girih | vrajah | caruh | varahah | sambarah | rohinah raivatah | ' paridhah | paniyah | uparah | upalah | sani | rudrah | parvatasya || 51 || ་
ng 499 102. gauh | gauh | gauri | gandharvi | gabhira | gambhira | mandra | mandrajani | vanih 4 | vasi | vani | vanici | vanah | pavih | bharati | dhamanih | medih | surya | sarasvati | nivit | svaha | vagnah | usabdih | kakuh | mayuh | jihva | ghosah | slokah | sabdah | svarah | svanah | rk hotra | gih | gatha | ganah | dhena | grah | vipa | nana | kasa | dhisana | naumh | aksaram | mahi | aditih | sacih | tsathih | anustup | sabdah | 8 rasah | srvasa | madhu | kasa | 8 virat vacah || 52 || 103. ojah | ojah | pajah | savah sarthah | tvaksah | badhah | nrmnam | tarah | tavisi | susmam | susnam | daksah | vida tu | cyatnam | ghumnam | indriyam | sahah | vayah | vadhah | vargah | majmana | paumsyani | dharnati | svandrasah | dravinam | balasya || 53 || 104. vidyut | vidyut | nemih | pavih | vajrah | sukah | yatah | vadhah | arkah sambah | kulisah | kutsah | sayakah | trapusi | vajrasya || 54 | 105. ranah | ranah | vivak | nadanuh | samanikai | mamasatyam | nemadhitih sa samarane | samohe | samkhye | vrtraturye | khaya | sene | khale | khaje | paumsye | mahadhane | putana | jyesthah | samgramasya || 55 || vikhadah | bhau | kundah | ahatah | ka | samanam | sprdhah | prtsu | samatsu | samarye anau | pratarane | mamtasa samanikai | 1 1 - 106. 8 ! khare | svaram | susti 18 nu | nu | maksu | dravat | osam | jirah | 1 1 I jurnih | surtah | sughanah | sibham | trsu | tuyam | turnih | ajiram | bharanyah | aा | prasu | tutujanah | tutujih | tujyamanasah | ajnah | sacivit | gat | taja | taranih | vataramha | viprasya 11 56 |
500 i 107. | | 108. 109. ninyam | ninyam | apicyam | sasvah | hiruk | tatra | tattanta | tayatum | | antarhitasya || { svah | svah | prvinah | nakah | gauh | vistam | istam | nabhah | divah | antariksasya ca | parani tadayatananam || 57 1 hiruk | hiruk | ake | parayaih | are | paravarta | iti durasya || 58 || 110. vibhavari | vibhavari | sunari | |bhavati | sunari | bhasvati urjasvati | citramadha | arjuni | vajini | vajinivati | sumnavari | ahana | dyotana | svetya | aruni | sunatavari | usasah || 59 11 : 111. vastoh | vastoh | bhanuh | vasaram | svasarani | sah | dharmah | | punih | diva | dinam | dive-dive | dyavi dyavi | addanah || 60 || J 112. dipitayah | gabhastayah | vanam | asah | vasavah | bharicayah | sapta rsayah | " sadhyasah | suparnasah | mayukhah | samina || 61 3 113. sadayah | khadayah | kiranah | gavah | abhisavah | rasmin | rasminam ca || 62 114. arya | aryah | rastri | niyutvan | inah | isvarasya || 63 || f- 115. samyogah 1 samyogah | anususaksanih | paha | sitama | mehana | musah | mandu | irmantatah | vajarandhyam 13 kayamanah | vidradhe | tugvani | nodhat | nadah | cyavanah | kasyapah | nucit | akuparasya | aprayuvah | rajah | juhure | kana | visanah | jamih | jahurih | cayate | andhah | dugdham | ahanah | nadah | arkah | saca | cit | pavitram | prthunjayah | kaka | adhriguh | ai . gusah | apantamanyuh | prasa | vajagandhyam | jaradhya | pakasthama kaurayanah | vrndi | nissapi | ksampam |
501 niyumpunah | majayema | dhuruh | josavakam | kutasya | kepayah | salalakam | askrdhiyuh | nisrambhah | dhruvadrksam | upalapraksini | upati | savimani | vidadhani | srayanta iva | amurah | vijamatuh | amavan | amiva | amatih risadasah | anusak | girvanah | amyak | yadrsiman surudhah | apratiskutah | dvibarhah | uranah | jvaru | tatanustim | ilivisah | iravinah | kiyethah | turiyam | pratadvam | divistisu | hutah | rcipamah | anarsarati || 64 | anarva | anarva | canda | balha | | jadhavah | bakurah | vaktarah | bekanatan | abhidyetana | sadanvai | parasarah | karudati | danah || | 1160 iksana | kilalam | vijani | dopa | astasatrtyah " || 65 || jyestham | jyestham | atipakva | visvaha | vivasvan | vate | tanyantah | bralma | kampivakamsam | jasyatyam || jalali | andhah | vipasyan | aya vistha | amsa | rantu | tamayivayah samopyat | gulphah | biskale | khargala | pratodah | vedah | yatrasmannatah | rathah | cikrih | nalah | pucchadhi | sunih | apastah medi | jyena 18 | 8 maryah · : | saptaghnatah | valini | yataram | rukih | siktah 18 saganah | mudimnana | lii galah | nadina | malvah | amnah | 1 jaguh | nilagalasala | ailavah | daridrah | nilalohitah | svapadah | | | kunakhi | kuriram ! upatah | taduri | kamatha | rumatham | sarvatabhyah | idam | adhvaryuh | dhumni | kuvitah | damnana | duronem | paroktauti | titau | utpavadhata | kimidi | vamasya | ekacakram | amatih | sumatih | dayate | dayanti | vrihi | vrtte | 66 || i | i | ksyati | tapati | rajati | anekarthah || 117. prayitve | abhike 1 praptasya || 118 tirah | satah | apraptasya ||
119. tvah | namah | arthasya || 502 120. rksah | strbhih | iti naksatranam || 121. vanitamah | upajivika 1 simikanam || 122. rambhah | rathah 18 pinakam | iti dandasya || 123. sepah | vaitasah | iti pumsprajananasya || || 124. paramgattivili | iti striprajananasya || 1250 anena | anaya | panasya || 126. maki | vakira | iti pratisedhasya | 8 127. varutham | asagram | carmani rutsahasya || D 128. panih prakalavidbanijah || 129▾ pavani | kitavasya | aksadhurtasya || 130. 8 munyah 8 | simikasya || 131. sutasya | kulisah | 133. } ' 132. agnih | jatavedah | vaisvanarah | dravinodah | vanaspatiriti suktabhanji || idhmah | visnuh | tanunapata | naratah | devidvarih | upasanakta | daivya hotara | tisro devih | tvasta | vanaspatih | svahakrtaya iti nipatabhanji || 134. indrah | visnuh | somah | parjanyah | rtuh | agnayi | prthivi | ida | bhugavah | atharvana iti samstavikastasyaikavadabahuvarastrivacca || 135. vahanam ca havisa mahavahane ca devanam yacca dastivisayikam tadasya karma || 136. ayam lokah | vasantah | pratah savanam | gayatri trivrdrathamtaramiti tadbhaktini || 67 137. vayuh | varunah | indrah | rudrah | parjanyah | brhaspatih | brahamanaspatih | vastospatih | ksetrasya patih | kah | yamah | apanipata | citrah | visvakarma | manyuh | tadarthah | daprah | sarasvan | agnih | asunitih |
503 yv vamjah | kutah | vatah | sratah | mrtyuh | dhata + gandharvah vidhata | pururavah | : anudukan | pranah | stambhah | vratya iti suktabhajji || 138. prajapatih | candramah | somah | induh | aditih | dhenavah | ahirbudhnya iti nipatabhaji || 139. sarasvati | vak | aditih | urvasi | gauh | dhenuh | sarakha | usa | indrani | prthivi | dasya | godhukasa | virat | aghnya | sinivali | kuhuh | anumatih | raka | yami | saranyah | pathya | rodasi | daivapatnyah . marutah | rudrah | srabhvah | aiिngarasah | bhrgavah | atharvana iti samstavikastasyai- kavadam bahuvatstrivacca || 140. snehanapradanam vrtravadhi ya ca ka ca balakrtistadasya karma || F 141. antariksalokah | grismah | madhyamdinam savanam | tristuppa cadasah | brhadititadbhakti | | 68 | 42. adityah | savita | bhagah | suryah | pusa | visnuh | kaisi | || 1 visvanarah | vrsakapih | kalah | brahmacari | rohita iti suktabha 143. dadhyai | atharva | yamah | aja ekapat| manuh | vivasvan | daksah | aryama | | vaisvanarah | suparna iti nipatabhanji | 144. 145; usah | surya 1 vrsakapayi | sadhyah | vasavah | adityah | saptarsayah | TT vajinah | visve deva iti samstavikastasyaikadubahuvatstrivacca || rasadanam rasmibhica rasadharanam yacca pravalhitam tadasya karma || 146 asaulokah | varsas | trtiyasavanam | jagati | saptadasah | vairupamiti tadbhaktoni || 147. aitesameva lokanamrtuchandah stomaprsthanamanupurvena bhaktiseso nukalpom | 148 I devatadvandve ca purvasyaparah samstavikah || purvasyaparah samstavikah || 69 11 iti kautsavyaktinighantuh samaptah || parisistam || 48 || samaptam ||