Fourth Adhyaya (chapter) of the Nighantu (study)

Introduction The words which are listed in this chapter of the Nighantu are called aikapadika. According to Durga, the word aikapadika is a conventional term. Each word listed here stands by itself, so the listed words in this chapter are rightly called aikapadika. Two types of aikapadika are listed here: The words, the grammatical forms of which are obscure or not known clearly, and the words which have more than one meaning. Only through the particular context the meaning can be fixed. The author of the Nighantu has not classified the words on this basis, he simply groups two-hundred and seventy aikapadikas into three sections with unequal number of words. The author should have grouped the alkapadikas into two sections, i.e. (1) words which have many meanings and (11) words whose grammatical forms are obscure. But, while he has not followed any cognisable principle which grouping the words. } }

! 416 1. jaha - 2. nidha 3. sitama 4. 1. dvisastih padani vaghanaityarthah | handataih iti 'visesanarthah | 3 QT. 7.8.45.37. nicairadhiyate paksigrahanartham iti nidha pasi | pasah pasayateh bandhanarthasya | ica • 10.73.11. ityetadanavagatam | vipratipatyanekarthatvam doh sitama bhavati | dravateh | bahuityarthah | yonih sitama iti sakapunih | srenyanantaram sitama sabda ucyate iti | syamatah yakrttah, taitikih iti yaskacaryasya matam | sitamasato medastah iti galava acaryo manyate | " pasrvatah sronitah sitamatah | 8 ya. ma . sam . 21.4388 mahano-mahaniyam | 1 5. damenah 6. : 7. isirene --- 184.HT.H.21.4378 ? sro which maisa timi ? mehata hara gau ma iha grhe nasti tadahare iti gargyasyabhiprayah | mahaniyam radhah yadva madgrhe nasti ityarthah | r .5.39.1. athava dama iti grhanama | damuna iti atra agnivisesah damamana danamana, dantamana va | etad yasya manasi mama idam iti | iti durgah | danamana dantamana va iti sayanah | #.5.4.5. musika ityarthah | " musa steye " | te haranti dhanyadini iti | . 1.105.8. isanena va esanena va sanena va | samanavibhaktyantatvat | .8.48.7. icchavata ityarthah |

417 00 8. kuruta - idam sabdarupam vede na vidyate | 9. jatharai 10. titamda - 11. fin. anarthaka upajana bhavanti | ya evarthah kurutetyukte bhavati sa eva kurutaneti | nakarasyarthah atra adhikah nasti | kartana, hantanayataneti kramasah | V.AT. 12.69, .7.59.8, 1.165.13. - jatharabhutam dronakalasam va | .9.70.10. jagdhamannamasmimtisthattiti jatharamudaram | ☎.3.47.1. udaradantariksat | paripavanam bhavati | #.10.92.8. tatavada tunnavada tilamatratunnamiti va iti yakkah | paripuyate anena iti | yadva | tata vistrta bhrastayava anaiti titah | surpena iti sayanah | 7.10.71.2. hananasadhane | yadyapyayam siksavacanah tathapi punah silabhidhanat gauno avagantavyah | sirastranani viprah | .5.36.2. .8.7.25. punah nighantau 8 4.3.738 idam padam vidyate | 12. madhya . 13. mrndu - - madhye ityarthah | yat karmanam kriyamananam ..J - .2.38.4. upamarthe api prayujyata madisnu manduneti va | mandu samana varcasah- 7.1.115.4 nityapramuditau ityarthah | r .1.6.7. " ityetena dvivacanena marudganendra visayena nigami vyakhyatah " iti durgah | 14. imantasah - iritah preritah antah yesam te tathoktah viralanta ityarthah | athava sarirasyeti | preritah antah | .1.163.10. adityasya rathe ye asvah yuktah te ucyante 'irmantasah iti durgacaryah | .1.163.10.

15. karyamanah- cayamanah kamayamanah va ityarthah | 1.3.9.2. 16. lodham -- 17. siram - pasum manyamanah | lubdham tapasah thyo ma bhut iti lobhana tusnim sthitamrsim ityarthah | #.3.53.23. pavakadiptimiti | anupravisya sarvabhutani sete ityanusayi, . tamanusayinam | asnoti vyapnoti va sarvabhutaniti, asinam | iti durgah | .8.102.11. 18. vidradhe - ete pade ekasmin nigame vidyete | paksena ca anekarthe | 19. drupade • vidradhe, vidve, vidrdhe, vyudhe ityarthah | dupade dumakhyasthane sthite ityarthah | .4.32.23. 418 20. tugvani - tugva tirtham bhavati | turnametadayanti ityarthah | suvastu iti nadisambandhat etadarthah | 21. nasanta - 22. nasanta 23. ahanasah - 24. amasat - .8.19.37 1 atra sayana bhasyam na vidyate | namantu, abhimukhibhavantu ityarthah | #.7.58.5. rtham nasatiryapta karma | prapnuvantityarthah | namatikarma va | | | ☎.4.58.8. ahanavanto vacanavantah | sasatrunam abhimukhyena hantarah, abhihanyamana abhisyamanah stutimantah ityarthah | r . 9.75.5. adyate iti ama annam | tasya pakasya grhe sidati iti amasadini, pacika yosit | yadva | ameti grhanama | grhanamasu pathat | #.1.124, 40

419 25, isminah 26 vaheh - atrasidati ityamasat janani | upamarthe | yatha anna sadhika stri "svapatah janan bodhayati tatha usa api bodhayatityarthah | amasat iti girayah, meghah | 7.6.10,3. irsanina iti va esanina iti va | arsanina iti va | upagamanavantah, icchavantah, abhimukhyena sarvarthanam drastarah ityarthah | gatimantah iti sayanabhasyam | .1.87.6. • ityetada navagatam ) | paksena yanekartham | stotram ityarthah | . 3.53.3. vahah sabdom udakavahabhidhanasarupyat, somabhisavanavadinim stutim iti durgacaryasya matam | 27. paritakmya - ratrih | yadva | takatirgatyarthah | paritakanam parito gamanam bhramanam va | . 10.108.1. parita enam tama | taktetyusnanama, tadenamubhayatah parigrddaya vartata iti paritakmya ratrih | iti durgacaryah | takata iti satah | 28. suvita 29. damyate - - ityetadanvagatam anekartham ca | idam rupam rgveda nasti | "suvitah 1 "suvitam ityadi rupani santi | su ite sucite, te prajayam janayitavyayam, iti durgah | sugate sthane ityarthah | tai . sam . 1.2.10.20, ka . sam . 2.8. dayatiranekakarma ekaprakrtirevayam anekarthah bhavati | i. danakarma - vidayate visesena dadatityarthah | r . 1. 84.7. ii. dahatikarma dayate dahati | .6.6.5. iii. himsakarma 1.3.34.1. - dayamanah visesana himsan | atradayatityarthah |

420 30. ] nucita - ubhau purananavayoh ityarthe nipatau | anekarthatvena ihasamamnatau | 31. murca $ 1 32. davanai - 33. 1 - prakaranopapadavasat puranatam kasyacidarthasyadyotayati navatam ca kasyacit | 3 iti durgah | nucita purapi - r . 6. 30. 3. * nucinna vayoramrtam vidasyet | atra nucita iti navam ca puranam ceti vaksyate | naca puraya ityarthah 1 .1.96.7. nava ityarthasya rk anvesaniya | na vidyate vede | dvayorapyetayoreka eva nigamah | davane danasya ityarthah | .5.39.2. akuparasya - akuparasya ityetada navagatam ] anekartham ca | akutsitah paro antah yasya | kuriti kutsarthah paranam puranamucyate, kutsitam paranam kuparanam, t na kutsitam paranam akuparanam tasya akuparanasya prabhutasyetyarthah | 4 adityo'pyakumara ucyete | akutsitaparo mahagatiradityah ityarthah | #.10.109.1. samudro'pi tatha kacchapo'pi akupara ucyate iti yaskenoktam | nigamah anvesaniyah | etasmin 8 5.39.28 mantre akuparasya davane iti padayomh anukramah | nighantau samamnaye * davane, akuparasya iti mantrapathavyatikramenanukramah | tena jnayate anyaih eva ayam samamnayah samamnatah anya eva ca ayam bhasyakara iti durgacaryasyabhiprayah | 34. sisita nisyati| tiksnikarotityarthah | jha . 5.2.9. 35. sutukah sutukah - • ityanavagatam | paksana canekartham | sutukah sutukanah sugamana ityarthah | athava suprajah, tumityapatyanamasu pathitam | sobhanapuh | sugamaih | .10.3.7 | ityagnivisesanam | tra

hai 421 36. saprayanih - 3 37. aproyuvah ayam sabdo rgvede na vidyate | supragumanah ityarthah | va . sam . 28.5, ka . sa. 15.13. apramadyantah, pramadamakurvanah ityarthah | apragacchantah svakiyam raksitavyamaparityajantah iti sayana bhasyam | r . 1. 89. | 38. cyavanah cyavana rsim vyavayitaram stomanam | Hap imu'a - cyavana eva rsirakatah . 10.39.4. cyavana sabdena cyavanah satrunam vyavayita svasthanat | #.2.21.3. 39. 20: i f 1 1 40. hareh i 1 t ityanekartham | rajate | upari nigha . 1.7.128 1) jyoti raja ucyate | f anura jayati dravyani svena prakasana | . 6.62.2, rajobhih tejobhih ityarthah | ii) udakam raja ucyate | yatha tat svena snehakhyena gunena ranjayati | rajasah udakasya ityarthah | r . 10.8.6. rajasa vrstayudakena | .1.164.14. } iii) lokesvapi pranino rajyante iti lokah rajamsi ucyante | r . 6.30.30 rajamsi sarvalokah ityarthah | rajasah antariksasya r . 1.33.7. iv) agahani rajasi ucyete | asrgum rudhiramm asuk ca ahasca agahani | udah 'masi mati rajo yasam drskrtanya- - pakarsati | * ahasca krsnamahararjunam ca " | rajasabdo ahabaci rajakasyantah iti sayanabhasyam | .1.124.5. ityetadapyanekartham | upari nigha . 1.17.9, 2.13.28 harateh | harasa tejasa | .10.87.25. 2 7

} 422 41. juhure | jyotih hara ucyate | tadvi driyate, harati va sneham | harati va tama iti harah | saya tanah | va . sam . 5. 8. udah ya te arane harah 11 udakam hara ucyate, tadvi hriyate pranibhih jivanaya | ||| lokah haramsyucyante | ksinapunyah pranino driyanta iti | asugahani harasi ucyete | - juhivare, yajnartha ahvayanti ityarthah | OE.5.19.2. 42. vyantah - anekakarma | yasmat dhatoh ayam sabdo nispadyate sa dhaturanaikakarma | vigatiprajananakanti asanakhadanesu | | pasyatikarmah vyantah paprayanto janah | jha .6.1.4. ii khadatikarmah vihi bhaksayajnatyarthah | 1.3.41.3. vyanta bhaksayanti carupurodasadikam | 7.1.122.4 o | sva vyapara rathavahanadikam kurvanah | . 1. 134.20 43. krsnah - kunah | 1 kriyamanah ahuyamanah | 44. vasi ityetada navagatam | paksena anekartham | vasibhitra manmayibhiritiva | vagbhiritiva | asman mayibhih athava stutilaksanabhih vagbhih ityarthah | ¥.10.101.10. 45. visenah - visamasya | jantorvisamayasya | .7.21.5. 46. jamih - ityetadanekartham | I ityetadanekaryam | bhagini, murkhah, atirekabandhuh ityadayah arthah bhavanti | jamayah bhaginyah | .10.10.10. jami punaruktanama bhavati balisarthi api prayujyate | asamanajatiyasya va upajanah jamih bandhuh bhavati ityarthah | upari nigha . 1. 12. 188

L 5 3 I : 47. pita 48. yoh 423 F pata va palayita va | utpadayita ityarthah | rr . 1.164033. upari nidha . 207.6.8 - nigame pamcamyantam va sasthyantam va sat | artha'sambhavam pasyan niruktakarah samyoh iti ekam padam dvitiyante dvai ' pade camkara, "sam " iti 'yoh imti ca | samiti sasanam roganam yoh iti yavanam, bhayanam n ityarthah | tacchamyora vrnimahe | tai . bra . 3.5.11. maitra sam . 4. 13.10. athapi yah iti brhaspati putrasya namadheyam | a . 1.34.6. > 1 49. aditih- aditiradina devamata | anuksinani | na hi esam ksayah astityarthah | ¥.1.89.10.' (3913 f 74.1.1.14, 1.11.48, 2. 11.6, 5.5016 drastavyah 8.. upari i 50. eai - am irie | irtih ayam dhatuh gatikamaiिte, jayati " iti gatikarmasu pathitam nigha .24 14.798. a'irire punah punah iritavantah ityarthah | r . 1. 143.40 51. jaserih 52. jarate 53. mandinai etat sabdarupam vedesu nasti | jasurim rupam vidyate | jasurim jastam ksudhitam badvamityarthah | .4.38.5. 1 t - grnati stauti | datum stuvate ityarthah | sra . 10.45.1 mandi mandateh stutikarmanah | mandati samsati itti stutikarmasu pathat | arcatikarmanah nighah 3.14.188 stutimato stotavyaya ityarthah | r . 1.101.1. } 7 : 6 , { 3 + "

424 54. gauh E ityetadanekarthatvat iha samamnatam | anekarthat punah niruktakarena vyakhyatam | 3.1.84.15, 77: Tg: sfa sayanabhasyam | punah purastat niruktam pathitva susmanah suryarasmih ityartho'pi bhavati iti vadati | susumnasyaikasya suryarasmeh ityarthah | gauh upari nigha . 1.1.1, 1.404 1.11.4, 3.16.7 8 55. gatuh - upari nigha . 1.1.208 gamanamityarthah | tai . bra . 3.5.11. 56. drasayah 57. tataca 58. caryase 59. viyute 60. ak lm 1 #.4.51.5. } $ ་ ་ - karmani damsayanta etani iti | ityetena sabdena karmani uktani | dataih karmakaraih "dasyanta ! iti krtva karmakara dasa iti | a . 10.138.1. upari isah nigha . 201038 tutava | prajadhanayasobhih vardhate ityarthah | tu iti vrddhayarthe sautro dhatuh | r . 1. 94.2. catayati, nasayati iti | gacchati iti sayanabhasyam | " cay gatau " ityasyedam rupam | . 1. 190.5 sabdah iti durgena vyakhyatah | yatya svasau tasmad cayate - ityetadekameva samaktayordvayorapi dyava prthivyorabhidhanam | viyavanat | viyujya vartamane dyavaprthivyom ityarthah | r . 305407. iti anekartham | adhagiti prthaktvam | prthak sabdena ' samanartham ityarthah | sa | 7.6.40.5. adhigiti vrddhirityarthah | kaya - va .sam . 8.208 rdhagiti satyam | #.8.101.1.

61. 3847: 62. asya - 425 padadvayam stripumsavisayam | svarakrto visesah pradhanabhidhayiva gunabhidhayiva bhavati | alpiyatarthena yayuktam tadanudattam apradhanamityarthe ucyate | 'asya usana upasataye " ityadi | . 1.138.4. "asyai " caturthyarthe | tatha anudattam gunabhutarthamanudayam bhavati | * dirghayuratya yah patirjivamti saradah satam | . 10.85.39. asya - udattam prathamadese | 7. 1.16401. asya suryasya ityarthah | asya vamasya palitasyah 1

426 2. caturuttarasitih padani 1. sasnim etadanavagatam | kvacitprakrtyadeh samskarasyanavagamah kvacidarthapratitireva, 2° - kvacidubhayasyadhyanavagamah | sasnimiti na vijnayate | prakaranadatra ghabhidheyam | . 10. 193.68 sasnim, "samsnatam " adimah ' parivestitamiti | anyatra anyo'pi kascit arthah syat prakaranavise- saditi durgabhasyam | sasnim, samsnatam suddham | #.5.35.2. vahisthah - ityetada navagatam | vaudratamah dutah, iti yaskah | * atisayena vyapnuvan " iti sayanabhasyam | 1.8.26.16. 3. dutah 4. vavasanah - uparyartham | "javaterva dravaterva varayatyanarthan iti 1 7.8.26.16. - kamayamanah vavasyamano va | agnih | r . 10.5.5. 5. varyam yadvarayitavyam tadvaryamityucyate | kadacit "varatamam kincidbhavati | 2.8.25.13. anam mitravarunaryamani yat panti ityanenasambandhat 6. 3174: varya dhanavisesanamityupapadyate | ityanekarthamanavagatam ca | annanamasu pathitam nigha . 2.7.18 prarthaniyamannam bhavati sarvasyaiva | .2.14.1. danasambandhat annarthah | annanamasu pathitamapi anekarthatvat tu samdiddayate ityesa nigama upapattih - durgabhasyam | tamo'pyandhah bhavati r .1.1940 16. $ 72 ase canti- asamslisyamane parasparatah viyukte dyavaprthivyau | .6.70.2. 8. vanusyata iti hantikarma, hantyarthe vartamanah anavagata samskaro bhavati | "vanuyama vanusyatah " "hunma * ityarthah | r .8.40.7.

, 427 9. tarusyati hantikarmetyarthah | 10, bhandanah "tarusema vrtram * .7.44.2. satrum hanma ityarthah | bhandateh stutikarmanah | stauti ityarthah r . 3. 3.40 bhandanah stutayah | .9.86.41 1 11. ahunah 12. nadah ityetat padam sambodhanamanavagatam, apratiyamanarthatvat | "ahanah " ghami visayam sambodhanam | asabhyarthah | .10.10.8. "rsirnado bhavati | nadateh stutikarmanah iti niruktam | f * nadanasya japasabdayiturjapadhyayana kartuh " iti sayanabhasyam | . 1.79.4. "pravati nadati " iti gattikarmasu pathitam iti durgenoktam | parantu, svasati svasiti padam, vadhakarmasu nigha . 2. 19.98 tatha 6 nadati " padam arcatikarmasu nigha . 3. 14,98 nighantau pathitam | 13. somo aksah atra prakaranat rsih nadasabdenocyate | r . 1. 79.4. ityete dvepade | aksa ityetat padam anvagatam | paksanacanekartham | upalaksanartha somasabdah atra samamnatah | * asnoteh, aksa sabdah vyaptyartham nirucyate | r . 10.82.6. | "aksah " "simyati " nivasati gobhyah ksati va ityarthabodho'pi bhavati | iti durgah | somo dugdhabhiraksah * | .9.107.9. somo durathabhyah ksarati sarve ksiyati nigama iti sakapunih | hainika 5.38 1.40 pravatram - ksipram ityarthah | r . 10.88.4. dhananamasu pathitam | nigha . 2.10.68 15. utih - avanam ityartham pratitih | utaye ityavanayaraksanaya ityarthah | W. 8.68.1. iti durgabhasyam | avartanena ekavakyabhisambandhena raksanarthah "

428 16. hasamane 17. pubhih hasatispardhayam parasparena harsamane va | #.3.2.12. somapanaih abhyudyataih athava gunaspasanaih stutigataih iti durgah | .10.9.9.12. na pakvam " svapanam ityavagamyate | .10.79.3. dvaidhamityupapadyate | madhyamasthane, ghusthane ityarthah | r . 3. 17.5. 18. sasam 19. dvita 20. AT: 21. varahah meghartha upapadyate | - vratyah lubdhakah ityarthah 1 #.8.2.3. ityetada navagatamanekartham ca | 7.1.61.7. yatha ayamapitaro varaha sabdah chandasi .8.77.10.1 varaha ityucyate agiraso 'pi varaha ucyante | asuram varaharupenavasthitam ityapyucyate | " madhyamaka devaganah varahava ucyante | 7.10.67.7. yatha marutah varahasabdenocyante | r .1.88.5. 22. svasamrani - svayameva saranti gacchanti iti svasaranyahani bhavanti | 1.3.8. 1 23. FRIT! 24. arkah karmani srjantiti angulayo bhavanti | ajha gulinamasvapi pathitam nigha . 2.2.58 * sarya isavah " ityupapadyate | paramayibhih isubhih | sarah grnateh | .9.110.5. ityanekartham | devah arka sabdena ucyate | yatah yasmat devamarcanti stotarah | r .1.10.1.

arkamannam bhavati | arko mantro bhavati | arkinohi mantrina evabhipretah | sarvasya pujyamannamiti | arko vrkso bhavati | samvyaptah samvyaptah katukrimna bhavati | 25 pavih -- rathanemih | vipunati bhumimiti pavih | #.5.52.9. 429 26. a: 27. dhanvam ayam sabdah bai . namasu tatha vajranamasvapi pathitam | nigha . 1. 1105, 2.20.58 purusavaksah, pasuvadho va aigam | suryasya svam prakasajalam vakso bhutam | usah adityasya vaksa iva upaslista drsyate | 7.1.12440 antariksamityupapadyate | ca . 10. 187.2. antariksanamasupathitam 8 nigha . 2.7.88 28. sinem sinati badhnati sarvani bhutani annena ityannam | r . 3.62.1. annanamasu pathitam 8 nigha . 2.7.88 29., itya 30. saco atra durgacarya bhasyamh- "vyabhivaritvadabhidhananam " dhanva ", "sinam " ityadini sve sve abhidhanavarge pathitanyapi santi naighantuke prakarana samamnatanyetasminnaikapadike prakarane anavagatasamskarabhiprayena, kanicidanekarthabhiprayena | ityesa nipatah | yathasi ityanena sabdenokto bhavati | " amutha " ityanena apyukto bhavati | r . 5.44. 1. 8 upari nigha . 3.16.8 ityapratitartho nipatah | sahetyarthah | sarve dhatoh vyutpannah | .8.35.1.

430 31. cita - 32° GT 33. ghumnam - 34. pavitram 35. ata: 36. svacoh - - iti nipatah, anudattah yatha | tatha abudatto pasunama bhavati | r . 10. 178.38 * 1 mai . sam . 1.2.4. ityupasargah | * ah ityavagiryai vyakhyatam | niru . 1. 38 nipatatvena upamarthe api upayujyate "jara a bhagam " iti | r .10.11.6. niru . 3. 168 adhi uparyartho'pi bhavati | - 3 QT. \.5.48.1. ityanekartham | dyotatah, yaso va annam va | ucyata ityupapattih | annamevahi bhujanasya diptirbhavatiti | ghumnas annamityarthah | r .7.25.3. dhananamasvapi pathitam \ nigha . 2.10.138. ityanekartham | punateh | pavamanah puyamanah somah punatu | pavitrena pavayitra mantrena rtvigyajamanah sada atmanam punate | pavamana pirisista sparsanenaiva pavayantiti rasmayah pavitramucyate | mai . sam . 1.3.4. I apah pavayantiti ta api pavitramucyate | #.7.47.3. udakanamasvapi pathitam nigha . 1.12.828 agni- vayu- soma-surya indradayah pavayantiti pavitra sabdenocyate | * agnih pavitram sa ma punatu vayuh somah surya indrah pavitram te ma punantu || - tudyate vyathanarthasya | bhumerbila, dirghatvat tunnam bhavati | kuparthe'pi prayujyate iti durgah | todasya | tudyate tapasa piiyata iti todom yajamanah siksakah, svami iti sayana bhasyam | r .6.12.1. ' todah, sarvasya prerakah suryah | r . 6. 12.3. todatah satrunam himsakah r . 4.16.11* ityanekarthah bhavanti | su ityupasargah a-janah, ancate gatyarthasya | " sobhanagamanah " ityarthah | 1.5.37.1.

• " 431 372 sipivistah 38. visnuh 39. anih iti visnoh dve namani bhavatah | sipivista ityetad gunapadamavagatam praksana ca anekartham | sa pa iva nirvestita ityarthah | sipisamjnaih bala rasmibhih avistah bhavatiti sipivistah ityucyate | 8.7.100.68 ayam sabdah kutsitarthiyam purvam bhavatiti aupamanyavah | 8 nilam . 5.78 sapa iva nirvistah sipivistah visnuh ityarthah | 'asya sambandhadatra visnusabdah samastatah | yatha " somo aksah • iti nigha . 4.2.138 naiyatra pradhanyena visnu sabdah samamnatah devataparatvat iti durgacayanoktam | agatahrnih | aghrne agata dipte | ☎.6.55.1. "atra suryasambandhat ayam sabdah diptivacakah | yatha diptikarmasu ca pathitam harah 11 drnih 108 iti durgacaryenocyate | | parantu " diptikarma " iti naighantuke na | 'harah hrnih jvalato namadheye pathitam | \ nigha . 1. 17.9, 108 krodho'pi hrnirucyate tannamasu pamthitatvat | nigha . 2.13.38 8 prakaranavasadatra upeksitavyam iti durgah | atanavantamityavagamah | alatah gatyarthasya, gamanavantamityarthah | 40. prthujayoh prthujavah ityavagamh | vistirna javah ityarthah | r . 3.49.2. 41. atharyum 42. kanuka + 1.7.1.1. ityanavagatam | anekarthe ca | kantakaniti va krantakaniti va | krtakaniti va | kanuka krantakarniti priyanityarthah | kantakaniti somasya purnatityarthah | .8.77.4 } krtakaniti samskrtani rtvigbhih indrarthamiti |

432 43. arthigah 44. amgusah - - 45. apontamanyuh 146. pramusa 47. urvasi - , - ityanavagatam, anekartham ca | gavi adhikrtatvat adhriguh iti mantra ityarthah | pasum susamitah samitarah | mai . sam .4.23.48 agnirapi adhrigurucyate | adhrtagamanaya apratihatagamanaya indraya "adhrigave " ityucyate | r . 106101 amgusena aghosaniyena stomaina r . 1.105.19. ityanavagatam | paksenaca nekartham, apatitamanyuh, apaditadiptih, utpadita manyurva satrubhih samgrame ityarthah | . 10.89.5. • sighrasini, sighravyapini kulya nadiva | pramasani svasini va iti nadi | imam sariram vyapnotiti smasini nadi sarirasritah rasah | ityapi bhavati | r . 10.105.18 uru mahada yasah abhivyapnoti iti | athava uttasyam maithune purusam anute vyapnoti iti urvasini | athava uruh mahan asyah vasah kamah samurvasini sati urvasityucyate | sra . 7.33.11. 48. vayunam iti anekartham anavagatam ca | kantirva prajna va | vayunam prajnanamityucyate | kantyarthamapi atra bhavati | sra .6.21.3. 49. vajepastyam - vajapatanam | vajamannam, enadasmakamiti manyamanah somabhi- mukhyena devah patanti gacchanti | atah vajapastyah soma ityuktah | . 9.98.12. 50. vajegandhyam - visistannasamanagandham | r . 9.98.12. ityetadapi padamekasminneva nigame niruktam | kevalam samamnayanukrama- viparyasah |

L 433 ityapratitarthah agrhita abhisrita ca | maithuna sambandhat misrabhavakarma ityupapadyate | • krtayanah prayanasannadrah ityarthah | 8.3.21. 51. gadhyem ' grahaniyamityarthah | r . 4. 16.11. 52. gadhita .1.126.6. 53. kaurayanah 54. taureyanah 55. ahuyanah 56. harayanah - - turnayanah | # sa taurayana upayahi yajnam " sighragamanamityarthah | angitayanah | alajjitayanetyarthah | . 4. 24014 • haramanyanah | nityakalamevabhiprasthitayanah ityarthah | parantu, satrujivitaisvaryadiharana silayane iti sayanabhasyam | . 8.25.22. 57 aritah - agnihotradi karmani sthirah drdhah ityarthah | 2.1.101.4. 58. vrndi 59. nissapi 60. turnasim 61. ksumpam 62, nicumpunah - vrndateh, mrdubhavakarmanah | vandinah svakiranairamraphaladina mrdubhavam prapayatah ityarthah 1. 1.54.5. - vinirgata sapah strikamah | yathestvari dasipatih | 2.1.104.5. turnamasnute, ksipram vyapnotiti tunasamudakam | .8.32.4. apathitam caitadudakanamatu tenapratitarthamiti durgacarya bhasyam | "ksubhyate " calati tasmat ksumyam, ahicchatrakam | . 1.84.8. • ityanavagatam anekartham ca | nicamanena prinatiti, bhaksanena prinayita iti nipunah somah | apam sahitah somah nipunah bhavati | .8.93.22. nicamanena udakena puryate iti samudro'pi nipunah bhavatiti yaskah | nigamah anvesaniyah

t I 434 63. pardima madyate padih gacchatityarthah | nityakalameva patito bhavatiti 64. pakada़h 65. vrkah T 66. josavakam 67. krttih 68. pravadhani paksirityarthah | 7.1.25.2. padyate, padana rasmidvarena gamanamityarthah | #.10.27.24 ityanavagatam | anekartham ca | vivrtajyotiskah candrama vrkah bhavati | vikrtam jyotih sitatvat | vikrantah jyotih, grahanaksatratarakadibhyo jyotirbhyah sakasat | " vrkah aranyasvah iti sayana bhasyam | adityo'pi vrka ucyate | H.1.105.18, yadavunkate | r . 1. 117.16. vikartanata svapi vrka ucyate | krntatiti vrka | r . 8.66.88 " vrkah stenah " iti sayanabhasyam | josayitavyam, vijnapayitavyamityarthah 1 #.6.59.4. svayam pritikaram tadrsam vakyamiti josavakamiti sayana bhasyam | ityanavagatam, anekarya ca | krntateh yaso va annam va ! dvisatam marmani krntatiti yasah | asabhyagupayuktena ayureva krntatiti | "annam " | " .8.90.6. carmapi krttirucyate | "krttivasah tai . sam . 1-88 svam hantiti svaghni | kitavo bhavati kimtavastiti | paratvanam hanta kitavah | #.10.43.5. pavaniva upamarthe bhavati | vyadhastriya | r. 192.10. iti sayanabhasyam | sana mrgan hatavan svaha tasyapatni pravaghnityarthah 18

1 i 435 69 samasya 70. 71. - samamiti parigraharthiya savanamanudattam paksena anekarthapyasya bhavanti | . 8.75.9. sarvanamanudattamiti yastah | anudattaprakrtatve'pi "drsta vyayam " tu namaivaitat | " samasmin sarvasminniti r .8.1.8.1 saptamyam vyaya drstah iti durgah | kutasya - ityetaॆ anavagate | eka eva nigamah | carsanih - "krtasya karmanah " "cayita drsta " | tasmat carsani sabdasya budhyadhidevata bhavena krtasya karmano drstatvamupapadyate | 72. sabah 73. karmano drasta iti sayanabhasyam | .1.46.4. · samayataiva satayate | samba iti vajranama | tannamasu pathitatvat | aprasiddharthamiti atra prakaranadarthasiddhirbhavati | kerdhayah - kapuyamiti punani karma, kutsitam duspuyam bhavati | kepayah, papakarmano janah ityarthah | . 10.42.7. .10.44.6 · tutumakrsa- tutum - akrsa ityete anavagate | turnani karosityarthah | a . 10.50.6• 74. 75. asam m - ityanavagatam | cikalpascanekartham | amhasah tranam | dhanum va kavacam va | amtatrakosa, amsatram kavacam yatha karya raksati tadvadukasya kosam kosasthaniyam | . 10.101.7. 76. kakudam taluityacaksate | kokuyana kurvana sabdam taluni varnana nudati tasmada kakudam syat | 77. • 8.69.12. birite - ityanavagatam, pana canekartham | bhitananam sad biritamityucyate | niralambanatvada sarva eva vimetiti birite antarikse | yaha | | birite gane | vissativetyupama | visam manusyanam biritegane vissativarajani iti sayanah | 8.7.39.2.8

78. acche- 79° pari 80. 81. - ityesa sabdo amerasnumiti sakapunih | niru . 5.288 tvamaccha tvamabhilaksya iti sayanah | . 1.2.28 pariti sarvato bhavam | paritasthusah paritah avasthitah | r . 1.60.1. bhuva | ima iti nipata idam sabdarthe vartate | " jha.1.4.7. ima ityanarthakah padapuranarthe prayuktah | • 1.9.2.❤ sim simiti parigraharthiyova padapurano va | 436 82. sim sarvatah parigrdaya | . 1.33.9. upayarthe idamudaharanam | . 2.28.5. - | enam padadvayam pumsastrivisayam | svarakrtat visesat pradhanabhidhayi 83. enam 84" srnih va gunabhidhayiva bhavati | Hafgetra: T. 1.9.2, T. 1.164.26, saranata srnih, ankusa ityarthah | sarati gacchatyasi hasti-sirasi iti | ancata ityati hastisirasi | akumcitah kutili bhuto bhavatiti va | " amkusah lavatrah . 10.101.3. } :

437 1. 3. trayastrimsacchata padani asusuksanih- asarvatom dipyamanah agnih yadva | asu sucam somka ksanoteh 8 sanoti dadati satrubhyo dahadina ityagnih | sayanah | 2. asobhyah 3. 1 kasih 40' kurnaruma - r . 2.1.1. #.2 ityanavagatam, anekarya ca | digbhyah ityarthah | r . 2. 41.12. asadanat asa | parasparena disa abhyasnuvate iti upadiso bhavanti | - kasih prakasah 1 yadva | kasih mustirmahan | . 3.30.5. kvananasilam kamcidasuram iti sayanabhasyam | parikvananam meghamiti yaskah tatha durgacarya 3.30.8. • bahudakataya alamatyarthamatrdyate himsyata ityalatrnah meghah | 5. alatrnah r .6. salalakam 3.30.10. - saranasilam raksah | r . 3.30.17. 7. katpayam - 8. visahah 9. virudhah - samlubdham bhavati papakamiti nairuktah | sararurka saranasilam va asanasilam va syat | niru . 6.2.8 • katu sukhakaram payo yasya tat | r . 5.32.6. atra katpayah sukhapayah maighah iti durgacaryah | "vrtrasura " iti sayanasmabhiprayah | - visavanat apah | nadyah, r . 6. 7.6. virohanat virudha ausadhayo bhavanti | viruthah virohayantyah 1 r. 10.97.3.

438 1 10. naksuddabham 11. naksatirgatikarma abhigacchatam satrunam dambhitaram himsitaram indram | r .6.22.2. askrdhoyuh - krdhviti hrasvanama | akrdhvayuh, dirghayu avicchinnah ityarthah | . 6.22. 3. | nikammah - nisrathya harina | nislathya drdhaya gatya harantah | r .6.55.6. 12. 13. brbadu vadham 14. adareh - - mahadukthe vaktavyokyo va | ¥.8.32.10. mrdudarah somah mudaresu va | sraddarena udarabadhakena somena | sa0 || .8.48.10. ardanapatinam gamanapatinau ksepanena isanam satruna patayatah, ubhau bahu ityarthah | #.8.77.11 15. du 16" pulukarmah - puskamah, bahukamah martya ityarthah | .1.179.5. 17. anviti - asamkhadantyau athava asamcurnayantyau bhaksayantyau ityarthah | r . 10.79.1. 18. kapana - kampanah, krimayo bhavanti | r . 5.54.60 19. 20. 21. bhajikah - prasiddhabhah | srajudiptih ardhvajvalana ityarthah | r . 10.12.2• rujanoh jurnih 561 - "jo bhaige ", rujanti kulani iti nadyo bhavanti | 8 namdih r . 1.32.68 nadinamatvapi pathitam nigha . 1. 13.8.8 javanat, dravanat, davanat va jurnih saktih, sena va | javavati sena iti sayanenoktam | \.1.129.8. 22. omana - avanaya raksanaya ityarthah | ☎.7.69.4.

7 1 L 439 23. upalapraksina - upalesu praksinati upalapraksepini va | upalesu balukasa praksinoti yavan hinasti mrjjatiti | yada drsadadisu upalesa I bhrastan yavan hinasti curnayatiti | athava thanasaktukarambhadinam karika va | sayanah | .9.112.3. 2149 upasi - svasamipasthane mandale upasthe | .10.27.13. 25. prakalavita - prakalavidah vanijah | prakalavit vanik bhavati | kalasca veda 5 prakalasceti yaskah | ajanantah nyayanyaya ityapi artho bhavati | rca . 7.18.15. 26. abhyaryayajva - abhyardhayan abhivardhayan yojayati | abhyadvayatiratra danarthah | stotan abhyardhayan dhanena pujayati ityarthah | .6.50.5. t 27. ikse - iksa isise | .6.19.10. 28. ksonatya $ ksayanasya nivasasya ityarthah | ksonaya | yah drstirahityena gantumasaktah san ekasminneva sthane nivasati tasmai kanvaya iti .1.117.8. | sayana | ksonasya | ksonah sabdakari vina visesah | mahatah ksonasya sramvah sabda adhyadattam usaso vijnanarthamiti skandasvami | 8 niru . 6.68 29* 30, asme parthah - ityetat padam sarvavibhaktyantam | pragrhaॅyasvarah asme iti | (\.1.118,11) * 3/4ad a dry;" at. H. 4. 22. 1 ↓ ityanavagatam anekartham ca | apathitametadantariksanamasu iti apratitartham | patho'ntariksam | na tam maryadamisvaro'pi sannatikramatityarthah | a . 7.63.5. pajat udakamapi pathamucyate | r . 7.34.10. panadeva annamapi pathamucyate | #.10.70.10.

31. sarvamana - 440 savituh sambandhat "tavimani " iti prasave anujnane | r .6.71.2. 32. suprarthah 33. - sarvatah prthuh | sarvato vyaptah agnih r . 5.13.4. vidadhani - devanani | veditavyani karmani | r . 3.27.7. vidathesu yajnesu 34° sraryantah - 35. asih 36. ajimgah - - - 8. 1. 40.68 *vidathah " yajnanamasu pathitam | nigha . 2.17.58 ma. samasritah | r . 8.99.3. ityanavagatam anekartham ca | asrayanat asrayanada | asih payah dadhi, tena hi soma upasriyate tasmattada siramityucyate | asiram asrayanasadhanam paya adikam | sayanabhasyam | r . 8.69.6. abhilasarye api "asi " ucyate | jigatih giratikarma va grhanati karma va | giratibhaksayati 3749: 17.1.163.7. amudhah agnih r . 10.4.40 37° amurah 38. - samanah (sasamanah | \.1.151.7. 39. 40. 41. devo devacya krpa - deva sabdah anayoreva upalaksanarthe atra samamnatah | devah, devacya krpa iti etani trini padani | devan pujayantya devan pratyaktaya va krpa krpaya samatharyalaksanaya 5744: 17.1.127.1. vijamanuh- vigatajamatrbhavah | srutabhirupyadibhirgunairvihino jamata yatha kanyavate bahudhanam prayacchatti tato'pyatisayena dataravindragni 3744: 1 HT.1.1.109.2. omamsah avitarah, raksitarah | raksakah | r .1.3.7. --

441 ekasminneva nigame niruktam | anvavayam anavarya sakalamityarthah | kimidanimiti carate pisunatha, anvesamanah ityarthah | r . 7.104.24 42. samanam abhisavasya kartaram | r. 1.18.1. 43° amavayam 440 kimidine 45. amavan 460 amiva - 47. duritam 48. apva 49. amatih ityanavagatamanekartham ca | amatyavana niti yukto vijayaya | va abhyamanavan, rogabhutah parebhyo bhayadata yayat | svavanu, atmavittavan subhrtasainyo yayat vijayaya va ityarthah | rajna saha vartate ityamah amatyah | tadvan | yadva | amah, amanam rogah | satrunam kartavyai rogaistadvan | satrunam rogabhutah ityarthah | sayana bhasyam | . 4. 4.1. - krimih | yathapurvoktam | rogabhutah parebhyo gayadata krimiva | 10.162.2. i - duskrtam, durgatiprapakani karmani | dra .a. ve . 12.2-288 rgvede ayam sabdah na vartate | apavyayati | rogaja tirva bhayajatirva | 8. he apane papabhimanini devate 8 r. 10.103.12. N.I.3.2.5, QT.H.7.44. amamayi matih | atmamayi yasyamatih asaum amatih adityah | tasya hi atmaprakasamayi matih | tai . sam . 1.2.6. amatih iti sabdah rgvede vidyate | .1.64.9, 1.73.20 parantu, yaskaina nodvatah | amatih iti rupanama, iti sayana bhasyam | rupanamasu pathitam | 8 nigha . 3.7.5.8

'' 442 50. srrsti ¨51. puramndhih 52. rut 53. risadasah 54. sudah - 55. suvidatra 56. anusaka 57. turvanih 58. girvanasa 8 girvanah 8 - * -- ksipanamaitat | ksipram | 2.7.39.4. 8 use ekasmin evam nigame vidyate | indram | r . 7. 39.40 | sa | purunam dhyataram purandhi sabdo'tra gunapadatvat sandihyate iti durgenoktam | "dhih " iti karmanamasu pathitam | tadyasya purubahu sa purandhih " sa cendrah | iti durgah | parantu anyaprakarane • 4.26.78 purandhih " bahudhanasya dhata " iti durgacaryenavyakhyatam "niru . 11.2.8 tatraiva " purandhirbahukarma " iti sayanenoktam | • rupat iti varnanama | rocaterjvalatikarmanah | rusat rocamanam | .5.1.2. rita himsatamasitarah | resayadasino va resayadarino va | .8.27.10. kalyanadanah | sudanah ityarthah | #.7.34.22. - kalyanavidyah | suvidhah ityarthah | .10.15.19. namanupurvasya anusaktam vacanam | #.8.45.1. - turnavani | turnam hi ya se bhajate | satrunam himsita ksiprakari va | .1.56.3. devah | girbhih enam vanayanti iti | girvanate, girbhih vanayiyaya indraya ityarthah | #.8.90.1. 59. asurterte - asutamiritah vatatamiritah surte susamirite viksipte vistirna ityarthah | saranavarjita saranasahite sthavarajangamatmake iti sayanabhasyam | r . 10.82.4. 1

443 60. abhyamka - abhigataiva nityakalam sasatrun prati bhavatiti abhyagityucyate | durgah | amaktetiva abhyakteti va asmadrstyartham meghasamipe prapnoti | 7.1.169.3. yadrsman -- yadrse kame dhayi mano dhatte tam tadrsam kamam iti durgacaryah | 61. - 62° .5.44.8. - jayaya - yatha putrapautradibhiranekatha prajayate evam yajnesu vihriyamanah | anekatha jayate agni | evam jarayayi ityatra ajayi ityarthapratitih - | durgabhasyam | jarayayi stuyate | jarateh stutikarmanah etadupam iti sayanabhasyam 1.6.12.4. 63. agriya - agragamanena | agraha, agatva sampadini va | . 4.34.3. 64. canah 650 pacata 66. sururdhah 67* aminah 68. jajjhatih - - I "ya " anarthakah iti niruktakarah | ete ekasminnaiva nigame vidyate | canah ityannanama | havirlaksanamannam | .10.116.8. pacata iti namibhutah iti yaskah | pakvanaimani havimbi ityarthah | ityenadannavisayam bahuvacanamupapadyate | iti apo bhavanti | sucam samrundhanti iti | 2.4.23.8. - na yasya matranam manamasti sa amina ityucyate | abhyamitah va, anabhi himsito aminah | ahimsaniyah ityarthah | - jha .6.19.1. sabdanukaranata "apa " iti pratiyate | sabdakarinya apa ityarthah | \.5.59.6.

444 69. apratiskutah -- 70. sasadanah 71. pa : 72. susiprah 73. siprai 74. 75. ramsu dvibahah 76, akah 77. uranah - apratikhalito va | yacyate cet leti pratisabda noccarayati ityarthah | samgramesu na parainmukhah bhavatiti va | .1.7.6. sasadyamanah | punah punah satrum himsan ityarthah | r . 1.33.13. ● sarpanat | sarpirva tailam va yatha tadapi hi sarpati | suprakasnam prakrtabahu ityarthah | #.8.32.10. - sine hun nasike va yasya prasaste se susiprah | sobhanasiprah ityarthah | 5.1.101.10. atra ayam sabdah durgacaryena na parigrhitah | " sipre " sabdah upari 8 nigha . 4.1.11.8 vidyate | tatra uparistat vyakhyasyamah ityuktam niruktakarana | - ramaniyesu ramanat | ramaniyesu ramanadi havistu iti sayanabhasyam | ramaniyesu sthanesu dhulokadisu agnihotresu va | evam durgena vyakhyatam | 2.2.4.5. dvayoh sthanayoh parivrdah | madhyamesthane vaidyatatmana, uttameca suryatmana iti durgena vyakhyatam | dvayoh sthanayoh prthivyamantarikse ca parivrdhah 1 yada | dvayoh daksinottaramargayoh jnanakarmanorva parivrdah svami | iti sayanabhasyam 1 . 1.114.10. - akramanat | prakara ityarthah | akramyate janaih iti | paresamakrmita parairanakramaniyo va | sa | 1.3.1.12. uru kurvanah | alpamapi hutam havih devatatrptisamartha bahukurvanah | (MTA:) V.4.7.8.

445 78. stiryanam - styayanat samhananat stiya apo ityuktam | durgah | 79. stipah - 80. 81. jaboru 8 javaru ! . jaruthama - 82. tamjah - -- sthiyanam samdhibhutanam sthavarajangamatmakanam praninam iti sayanabhasyam | r .6.44.21. kupa iva raksako bhava ityarthah | stipah prsodaradih | pastyam grham | tasya raksakah | yadva | upasthitan jyotistomadin yagan palayatiti stipah yajnanam palayita | sa | javamanarohi javamanarohi saramanarohiti va | .10.69.40 jabaru - adityamandalamucyate | taddhi javamanam gacchan nabhaso madhyamarohati iti | r . 4.5.7. stotramiti durgah | * jarutham parusabhasinam jaraniyam va - raksoganam | sa | r .7.9.6. tumjatedanikarmana | tumjasabdo danaparyayavacanah | tuje tuje dane dane, phaladatari ityarthah | r . 1.7.7. vaja़nama | kulasatanaina vajrena | kutharena ityarthah | r . 1.32.5. 82 kurlisah 84. barhani - paribarhana - parivrddhih parihimsa va 85. tatanustim - "tatanisam anekaih prakarah yo vittani tanitumicchati tam | | durgah | 86. ili bisah - tatam dharmasamtatim nudati vastikamayate kamaniti tatanustih tam sa | .5.34.3. meghah | ilahetorudakasya atmiyani nirgamana bilani samrudhya sete iti | durgah | ilaya bhumerbila sayanasya vrtrasya sambandhini iti sayana bhasyam 1 . 1.33.12.

446 87° kiyethah 88. bhumih - ' 89. vispitah - 90. tapam 1 91. t - - kiyadapyudakamaparimanam dhah dharayatiti kiyadva meghah | "kumamano va dharayatiti kramamanadha megha eva | durgah | kiyatah anavadhuta parimanasya balasya dhata | pada | kramamanam satrubalam dadhatyavasthapayati iti kiyethah indrah | sa . | r.1.61.12. - bhramyateh samsare bhramayita | pamcagnividyoktena prakarena | bhramakah karmanirvahakah- agnih ityarthah | .1.31.16. vipraptah | vyaptitasya karmanah | .7.60.7. - tat nah turapam, tadasmakam turipamudakam | turnamatnotiti | - 1 .1.142.10. rayinah rapi iti va rasi iti va rapateh va rasateh va | durgah | raspinasya | ramate rasterva sabdanarthasya raspa iti bhavati 92. r-jetih - tadasyastiti rasthi stotram tadvan raspinah stota tasya | sayanabhasyam | r . 112.2.4. 1 - prasadhanakarma | ma jase yajamano'ham prasadhyami | vardhayamityarthah | .4.8.1. 93. . ajunati - ajurityapi r-jateh bhavati | ajuniti ajunayanah, ajuprajno va varunah | r . 1.90.1. i 9.4. sa atasu + praptavasu ityarthah | ayam sabdah dvitiya dvivacanantah hari 95. hinita - asvi prabdasya visesanah | 7.8.13.27. prahinamta, prerayata ityarthah | prasabdenarthasya sutaram prakatana bhavatiti bhasyakarena "pra " sabdah adhyahrtah | sa | r .10.201. * prahinuta iti "apa " ucyante kecit | iti durgah | f

1 447 96. coskryamanah subantam dadat danarthah | asmabhyam prayacchan ityarthah | 97. caskuyate - 98. sumat 99, 2.1.33.3. tida . ntam, coskuyateh cakaritavrttam evam danartha coskuyati | * coskuyate, raksanartham punah punah ahvayatityarthah | sa | r . 6047.16. upari, dvavapi paryapapadi 8 svayamityarthah | .1.162.7. kalyanah r . 32.38 sobhana - r . 8.748 bhadretyadi - arthah ca santi ! divistisu divissanesu | divistisabdena kriya ucyate | tamirhi dhulokamisyate gantum | divah svargasya esanesu praptihetubhutasa yagakriyasu ityarthah | sa | r . 8.4.19. 100. dutah 101. jinveti 102. ametrah 103. rcisamah - * - purva vyakhyatah | nigha . 4. 1.3.8 javaterva dravaterva gacchatiti | r . 1. 164051, "apratitarthatvat | iti durgah | jinvatih pritikarma | prinayantityarthah | .1.164.51. "apratitarthatvat | iti durgah | amatrah | mahan ityartha vacanam | .3.36.4. rca samah | yavataivarthena yuktocyayate rk stutyabhiprayena tavaneva asaubhavasyaisvaryam yogat | samanagunah ityarthah | iti sayanah | .10.22.2. 104. anasara tim- anasliladanam, aslila papakamiti | na yasyavalila ratida nim, so anarsaratih | apapakadanamityarthah | r . 8.99.4. 105. anava • apratyatuh | apratigatah anyasmin anyamanasritah svatantra ityarthah | agantaram | stoturadhitamityarthah | sa | • .1.190.1.

448 106. asomi samiti samaptamucyate, tasya pratisedhah asami ! so dhatoh nispannam | asama | supurnamityarthah | sa | 107. galadeya 108. janhavah 109. bakurah asusamaptam balam | r . 1. 39.10. galitathanisyat galitam hi tasyam dhiyate iti | galanena asavarnena patrena ityarthah | sa | r .8.1.20. jvalana hinah | ajvalanah, anagnaya ityarthah | sa0 | 7.8.61.11 bhaskarah bhayamkarah, bhasvada dravano va | bakuro bhasamano vajrah | | sa | r . 1. 117.21. bakurena jalasamuhena jyotih samuhena va iti durgacaryena vyakhyatam | 110. baikanatona - kusidino bhavanti | dvigunakarino va dvigunadayino va | 111. abhisetana - 112. amhurah 113. batah vrddhi jivinah | be ityapabhramso dvisabdarthe | nadayantiti bekanatah | r . 8.66.10. dvisabdenaikasabdena ca abhidhavatah | jivanno abhidhavanam kuruta ityarthah | 3 .8.6775. - ahasvan | aham svatah kupat amhuranah, andhakupah | amhuranat | amhasah paparupadasmada kupapatadunniya ityarthah | sa . | 7.1.105.17. • ityanavagatam anekartham ca | nipatah | vedanukampayoh bata durbalahrdayah, adharmabhirurityarthah | r . 10.10.13. 114. vatapyam - vatah hi etat udakam apyayati | sitikaroti | athava apyayati vrdvayarthah | vatena hi pustibhatamudakam samvardhate | i udakanamaitat udakam ca kuru | sa . a. 9.93.5.

449 115. cakana 116. ratharyati 117. asamkram - - - cayan pasyan bhayada | athava kamayamana tadutsukamana ityarthah | #.10.29.1. ratham haryati, ratha prepsuh | ratham kamayate ityarthah | sa | r . 9.3.5. asamkramanasilam anapayinim | athava asamkramanasilam dyam | durgah | anyatra asamkramanim dhenum | sa | r . 6.63.8. adhavanat akampanadityarthah | adhavam kampayitaram | r . 10.26040 118. adhah - 119. anavabavah - anavaksiptavacanah | anindita vacana ityarthah | r . 10.84.5. 120. sadanve ubhau ekasminneva nigame vidyate | sudanonuve sarvada krosakarini 121. durbhiksadhidevate | r . 10. 155.10 sirimbithah- pranino nisvasantah sadaivasabdam kurvantiti sabdakarike ityarthah | bithamantariksam | siryata bithe antarikse iti sirambitho meghah | 122. parasarah tasya | athava sirimbitho bharadvajah yena anena suktena alaksmih nasayam cakara iti | sa | r . 10. 155.1. ityanavagatamanekartham ca | parasirnasya vasisthasya sthavirasya ya jajne iti parasarah kascid rsih | .7.18.21. parasatayita yatunam iti parasarah indrah | r .7.104.21. 123. krivideti - vikartanadanti | vikartana samarthah dantah ya radati vidarayati | 1240 karulati - viksepanasila danti ityarthah | r . 1.166.6. krttadati | krttadantah sa | r . 4. 30.24. • " bhnapurastat tasyanvadesa iti karulati bhagah ityekam * | iti durgacaryah |

125. GA: - 450 danamanasah | danah | adamayah | damairidam rupam | yadva | varnavyatyayah | merivam rupam yada | varnavyasvayah | nada anadah asabdayah asaraprajah atirmayamka rasabda pakaroh | itisayanabhasyam . 1. 174.2. 126. rah samsivarisuh | samsartumicchat sariram tityaksuh | dhatuko maighah ityarthah | .10.86.9. 1 27. idamyuh - ityanavagatamanekartham ca | idam kamayamanah "yuh " ityesabdo aprasiddhah kamayate arthe | "vatyurindro ' iti vasumanityatrarthah | *.1.51.14. 123. kitela - kimkrtah anaryadesanivasisu manusyesu gavah te kimupakaram krnvantiti | kitakesu | anarya nivasesu janapadesu | yadva | kriyabhih yagadanama- laksanabhih kim phalisyatityasradadhanah pratyutapibata khadatayameva loko na para iti vadanto nastikah kikatah tesu | sayanabhasyam | 3.53.14. 129. bundah- isurityarthah | bhindro va bhayado va | bhasamani dravatiti va | .8.77.{1. 130. brndam - vrndarakaca | * asyapi vrndasabdasyaiva vyutpattih ' iti yaskah | ete pade rgvede na vidyate | 131. kih - karta ko bhavati | kidrso bhavati | tasya ko vyapara ityarthah | sa .1 r. 10.52.3. 132. ulbam - jarayuh | ugatih vrnorva | tena hi garmi avrto bhavati | pravaranamityarthah | sa .1 133. bisam - 10.51.1 apagatabhasam | "bise prthivyam " iti durgah | apagataprakasa pidayantragrhe | sa . | . 1. 116.8.9 me bhi

i 451 To conclude the above discussion, the following observation may be recorded here: (1) Out of two hundred and seventy aikapadikas, thirtythree aikapadikas are declared as anekartha out of which twenty eight are in the first two sections. (11) Six particles and one preposition are listed here as they have a variety of meanings. (iii) Twenty words which are listed as the synonyms in the preceding three chapters are also listed here, Durga justifies their inclusion in this chapter as they have more than one meaning and/or their grammatical form is doubtful (Niru.5.5). (iv) Ten pairs of consequetive words occuring in some Rgvedic passages are listed in the three sections of this chapter. en (v) Yaska interpretes each and every word listed in the chapter quoting Raveda, wherever the word does not quatation occur in RV he cites a suitable quatation from other Vedas, in general VS in particular. 1

** 3 Section-II CHAPTER - VI V CHAPTER OF THE NIGHANTU 452 The fifth adhyaya of the Nighantu is quite different from the other four, adhyayas. Here, the names of one hundred and fifty one deities are listed in six sections. It seems classifying the deities in these sections is more systematic than in the preceeding chapters. It will be very much helpful if we understand the term 'deity' before we discuss the classification of the deities, which are listed here. Yaska, the commentator of the Nighantu words in his Nirukta names the chapter in which he explains the names of deities as daivata kanda. He says that the section, which enumerates appellations of deities, to whom panegyrics are primarily addressed, is called daivatah. A seer with a desire to obtain a particular object, praises a particular deity. That stanza belongs to that particular deity. It may be a living being or a non-living object, like arrow, chariot etc. (Niru.7.1). According to the etymologists there are three categories of deities:

b 1) Agni whose sphere is earth; 2) Vayu or Indra whose sphere is atmosphere; 3) The sun, whose sphere is heaven (Niru.7.5). Taking this stand-point, if we look into the classification of the deities of the fifth chapter into six sections, we find that it has got a system. Let us note it in brief. 453 1. Agni, with his two attributive names: Jataveda/ and Vaisvanara, is listed in the first section. As already 4 0 mentioned above, Agni belongs to the earth region, The etymologists interprete the word as the foremost leader (i.e. Agnir neta); he is foremost in sacrifices etc. ☑ 2. In the second section of the chapter thirteen names of deities are mentioned. There is a difference of opinion among the etymologists about the attribution of these deities. Yaska mentions the various opinions in his Nirukta (8.2). The giver of wealth i.e. dravinoda is no other than Indra, says Kraustuki. Sakapani says the giver of wealth is terrestrial Agni himself; likewise there is difference of opinion about the deities Idhma, Tanunapat. Dvara, Tvasta, Vanaspati and Svaha. o/! meaning

3. In the third section of the chapter, thirty six terrestrial objects (deities) to whom panegyrics are addressed are listed. 4. The fourth and the fifth sections belong to the in deities of middle region. Thirty two and thirty six names of the deities respectively, are listed here. > 454 5. The last (sixth) section contains the list of deities who are mostly celestial, In all thirty one names are listed here.