Introduction to Dandapupika Nyaya

[Full title: Mimamsa and Popular Maxims (13) Danda-apupika Nyaya—Introduction]

(dandapupika nyaya ) The maxim of the staff and the cake is explained as follows:Apupas are cakes or preparations of flour and ghee like marathi Vada or Anarasa. These cakes were placed on stick. If a mouse gnawed the stick, then it would follow as a matter of course that, the cakes thereon also would be eaten by the mouse, because the cakes are 1 soft as compared to the stick. Cf. Alankara Sarvasva, page No.194. 1 We may derive this maxim of the staff and cake from "Dandapupau Vidyate Yasyam nitau sa dandapupikaniti" according to "Atainitanau" (Panini V.2.115). The word dandapupikanitih may be derived from the dvanda compound danda pupa according to the Sutra 'Davndvamano dnyadi bhyaha (Panini V. 1. 33 ). But here the suffix vuna ' would V V require 'Vradhi in danda. Therefore, we may derive the word A dandapu pikaniti according to Panini V.2.115 (Notes on Vyavahar Mayukha), page No. 221 of Mitaksera on Yajnavalkya-Smriti II.125, page No.232. Visvarupa on Yajnavalkya-Smrti I.147, page No.112, 1. atra hi musakakartrkena 2. 2 sambandharupatvabhavat | yatah sambhavita svatamtrasya pitrsthaniyastha, jyesthasthapi dovam vadata jyesthaparatamtranam kaniyasam putrasthani yana dandapupika ni tya sutaram doso darsitah eva | 3. sudravacanat eva dandapupavat antyapraptau tavdavacanam asritasudra nivrttyartham |

120 1 Viramitredaya of Mitramisra, page No.766, Sahitya Kaumudi XI-8,p.No. ++va 3 Kuvelayananda Dayatatra, page No. 170, Dayabhaga X. 30, page No. 270, 5 4 2 Kuvalyananda, page No.126, Vidnyane svara on Yajnavalkya Smriti II.126 quotes M.S.IX.213 and applies the principle of Danda pupika Nyaya. Med hati thi, however, passes over this place in silence of. Also see Nilakantha's V.M., page 131. Also see Dr. S.G. Moghe's article Mimamsa in the Bhagavanta Bhaskara of Nilakantha", Journal of the University, Vol. 38, No.74, p. 32. Cf. article of Dr. S.G.Moghe on 'Observation in Subodhini and Mitaksara, published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Vol.1-4, at p.37 as under: At times, however, it is further seen that whatever explanation is offered by the author of Subodhini of the particular maxim is not at all touched upon or perhaps not accepted by the modern scholars 1. sambhavitasya, pitr sthaniyasya jyesthasyadi dosa ukte tatparatamtranam putrasthaniyanam dandapupanya yena dosah . sutaramuktah eva bhavatiti | 2. "dandapupikayanyartharamo'rthapattih isyate | musikena dando bhaktitascet ihasthoda podapi tena bhaksitah hote nyayodandapupika | tayanyayarthagamoda thantira pratyayo' rtha pattih ityarthah | 3. bhratasaktah T siddhero cityattatsambhavyate | 1 4. patnyaca bhartrdhanaktanyayai vivahartha turiyam saude yah | • putranameva taddanapratipadanadandapupayitam patnyadi - nandanamiti patnyadhikarah | 5. atah sa ityanena padmani yena jilani iti vivaksitam tatha ca so'pi yena jitah tena padmani jitani iti kimu vaktavyamiti . dandapupika nyayena padmarupasya arthasya samsiddhi kavyarthapattih '

121 1 like MM Dr. P. V. Kane that Subodhini has explained the maxim of the staff and the cake on the Mitaksara on the Y.S.II.126. This interpretation of Subodhini is also further followed by Balambhatti on this portion on the Mitaksara on Yajnavalkya Smriti It may be casually noted here that MM Dr. P.V.Kane relies on Alamkarasarasva (p.196) and the commentary of Jayaratha on the 2 3 same, as is clear from his notes on Vyavshara Mayukha of Nilakantha and his remarks in History of Dharma-Sastra from this discussion, it is quite evident that Dr. Kane has either ignored this explanation of Subodhini or possibly rejected the same. ' Also see Dr. S.G.Moghe's article on the commentary sankari on the Dattattaka-candrika, to be published in Mysore Orientalist, which is as under:His (Sankarasas tri Marulakar) explanation of famous 'Dandapupika Nyaya', on p. 96 is rather a novel one. He has also tried to give the alternative expansion of this Nyaya which is generally accepted in the Alankara Sastra and also by MM Dr. P.V.Kane in his notes on 4. sa dando yadi caurerapaddhatah tada apupikapapi sutarama- pahatamiti gamyate | * subodhini Page 56 2. Notes PP 220 22. 3. History of Dharma - Sastra Vol. I. Part II.

the Vyavahara-Mayukha and History of Dharma-Sastra. His novel explanation of the Dandapupika Nyaya appears to be quite different from the explanation that is offered by the authors of the commentaries Subodhini and Balambhatti in the Vyavahara Mayukha * portion of Mitaksara on the Yajnavalkya-Sarti. Possibly the novel explanation from the pen of the learned Sastri seems to have ignored by the majority of scholars. We get only one example of this Nyaya, 122