15. Notes for chapter 3

End notes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Swami Bhaskarananda, The Essentials of Hinduism, pub. Sree Ramakrishna Math, Chennai 1998, p.65 Vedic statements like "ekam sad vipra bahudhavadanti". Rg-Veda, 1/164/46,which means, 'one alone exists, sages call it by various names'. Ed. Priyabala Shah Dr. Visnudharmottara Purana (Visnudharmottara Purana), 3rdKhanda, Vol - II, Pub Oriental institute, Baroda under authority from university of Baroda, 1961, Ad.1.sl.1 Rajagopal N.K., 'Samskrta Nirukta Kosam', pub.Kerala Bhasha Institute, 1999 p- 115. Sasibhooshan M.G.; 'Keraliyarude Devatasankalpam' (Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam ); pub. DC Books, 1st edition, 2005-6, p-53. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, 'Mantrapada, patala -19,20,24,33,34,35,36,37; vol. IV, Kriyapada, patala - 54,55, (e.g: Sankaranarayana) In this context, it would be apt to quote the observations of the famous Jyotisi, master of traditional architecture, and Tantric commentator, Kanippayyur Damodaran Namboothiri, on Dhyanaslokas and their significance. In the foreword to his text 'Dhyanaslokangal', he states that 'The Murti Sankalpa' that one has to conceive in mind while performing Upasana with Mantras varies from Mantra to Mantra. The term 'Rsi', used in Mantras is in fact the 'Drstav' of that Mantra by which is meant the person who created it first. The moment the Mantra first occurred to him, he had a direct Darsana (vision) of that Marti. It is in a fit of devotional frenzy at the sight of the Murti that the Dhyanaslokas in the form of a revelation, spring spontaneously from the heart of the devotee, unknown even to himself. It is an absolute must for the upasakas to learn by heart the Mantraslokas of the Murtis they meditate upon, because real 'Phalapurti' (fulfilment) can be obtained only by conceiving in mind the specific Murti, whose powers are being invoked. The book is a collection of 582 Dhyanaslokas pertaining to various Murtis. The author says that he has based his collection on such reputed Tantric works as Prapancasara, Saradatilaka and Mantramahodadhi. The work is divided into various chapters or Kalpas each providing Slokas extolling a specific Murti. The Slokas apportioned for each Murti is as follows: 1. 2. Visnu Siva 100 Dhyanaslokas 71 Dhyanaslokas 3. Devi 4. Kali 5. Sasta 6. Subrahmanya 7. Ganapati 223 Dhyanaslokas 17 Dhyanaslokas 10 Dhyanaslokas 8 Dhyanaslokas 31 Dhyanaslokas 8. Misramurti 11 Dhyanaslokas 244

10. Lokapalas 9. Nanakalpas 57 Dhyanaslokas 26 Dhyanaslokas Navagrahas 28 Dhyanaslokas 11. The Ayudhas of all the Murtis are also listed in the book. (Kanippayyur Damodaran Namboothiri, 'Dhyanaslokamgal', pub.: Unknown, M.E. 12/3/1105,.); (The concept of Dhyana- Dhyana means meditation on the Sadhaka's own Istadevata' as the Atma, with mind unperturbed and immersed in his own Caitanya.- Avalon, Arthur, 'Saradatilaka', introduction, pub. Motilal Banarsi Das, Delhi,ed. 1st, 1982, p-59. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.III; Kriyapada, Patala I, SI. 3 8. 9. ibid, Sl.4 10. ibid, SI.5-6 11. ibid, Sl.6-7 12. 13. 14. ibid, SI.8 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati Kriyapada, Vol. II, SI.9-10 ibid, SI.12 15. ibid, SI. 18,19 16. ibid, SI.43 17. ibid, p.6 18. ibid, p.7 19. 20. 21. 22. Soundaryalahari, sl -1 Devimahatmya, Ch. 11 sl. 10 Manoranjan Basu; 'The Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Tantras', p. 128 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada vol. III, Patala 1. SI. 75,76 23. ibid. Sl.79 24. ibid. Sl. 80 25. 26. Manoranjan Basu; op.cit., pub. Mira Basu-1986, p. 191. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati,Kriyapada vol.III, Patala 1.SI.81,82 27. Manoranjan Basu;op.cit 28. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada vol.III,Patala 1.SI.161S 29. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, vol. II, Patala29,SI.8 30. 31. ibid, SI.9 ibid. Sl.25 32. ibid, Sl.32 33 ibid. Sl.94 35. 36. 34. ibid. Sl.95 Srikumara, 'Silparatna', p.121,Sl.124 Sasibhooshan M.G, Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-125 37. Srikumara, 'Silparatna', p. 124 38. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Patala 30, Mantrapada, SI.25-31 39. ibid. Sl. 33-43 245

40. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 ibid. Sl. 82 Sasibhooshan M.G, Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-151 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada, vol.III, pat. 12, SI. 35-37 ibid.p-136 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, vol.II, Patala 31, SI.63-64 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati,Mantrapada, vol.II, Patala31, SI.67-68 ibid. Patala 28, SI.160-161 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati,Mantrapada,Vol.II, Patala 31, SI.94,95 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati,Kriyapada,vol.III, Patala 12,SI.29 Priyabala Shah Dr. Visnudharmottara Purana, 3rd Khanda, vol II, pub. Oriental Institute, Baroda-under authority from University of Baroda, 1961, p. 144. 50 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada, vol. III, Patala 12,SI.31-33 51 ibid. Patala 14,SI.5-9 52 ibid. Patala 12,SI.34 53 ibid, Mantrapada,vol.II,Patala 28,SI.60-63 54 Some scholars hold the view that the Cintamanidhyana in the 31st Patala of Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, vol. II, bears close resemblance to the Ardhanarisvara concept. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada,Patala43, vol. IV,SI.65-67; Patala 54, vol. IV,SI.51-58 55 56 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada,vol.II,Patala31,SI.94-95 57 Sarada Tilaka, commentary of Srimad Raghava Bhatta, 4th ed., pub. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Patala 19,SI.57-58 58 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada, vol.IV, Patala 43, SI.58 59 ibid. Sl. 84 60 ibid. Sl.28 61 ibid. Sl.1-13 62 ibid. Sl.16 63 ibid. Sl.36-43 64 ibid. Sl.44-48 65. ibid. Sl.49-52 66 ibid. Sl.53-57 67 ibid. Sl.58-59 68 ibid. Sl.60 69. ibid. Sl.61-64 70 ibid. Sl.65-68 71 ibid. Sl.68-70 72 ibid. Sl.71-72 73 ibid. Sl.73-76 74 ibid. Sl.77-81 75 ibid. Sl.80-83 76 Ch.7, pub. Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai, pp.57-77. 246

77 78 79 80 60 Sasibhooshan M.G, K.D.S, pub. D.C.Books, p-125 ibid, p-137 'The eight aspects Astamurti of Siva are found in the Agamas and in the Vedas, in the Puranas and also in Samhitas and similar other texts'- Manoranjan Basu; 'The Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Tantras', p. 13. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada, Patala 12, vol.IV, SI.80 81 ibid, Sl.81 82 ibid, Sl.82 83 ibid, Sl.83 84 ibid, Sl.84 85 ibid, pp. 109-110 86 87 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Kriyapada, Patala 12, SI. 203,204 According to Tantric principles, the various limbs, vehicles, arms and weapons and embellishments are representative of different Tattvas, which are clearly stated in Srimad Bhagavata. [Skanda 12, Ad. 11, pp. 750-752, pub. Chaukhambha Geetha Press, Varanasi, eds.8;. Priyabala Shah Dr; Visnudharmottara Purana, 3rd Khanda, vol II, pub. Oriental Institute, Baroda-under authority from University of Baroda, 1961, p 141. K.D.S, pp. 186-187 ibid. p-184 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, Patala 33, vol. II, SI.61-67 88 89 90 91 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 34, SI.4-8 92 ibid, SI.33-35 93 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, Vol.II, Patala 34, SI. 36-50 94 Asok Kumar Goud, Narasimharahasyam, Choukambha Surabharati Prakashan, Varanasi, 2002. 95 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, Vol. II, Patala 34, SI. 36-50 96 ibid, SI.236-238 97 ibid, Sl. 148-151 98 99 Saptamaskanda, Asthamadhyaya, ed. -8, pub. Chaukhamba Geetha Press, Varanasi, p.365-366 Asok Kumar Gauda Sastri, pub. Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakasan, Varanasi 100 Sasibhooshan M.G.; Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-203; pub.DC Books, 1st ed. 2005-06. 101 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, Patala 36, SI.6-8 102 ibid, SI. 26-27 103 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-200 104 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, Patala 37, SI.22 105 ibid, Patala 38, SI. 10-18 106 ibid, at.38, SI.91 107 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-66 108 For example, symbols of Mother Goddess representing Sakti have been traced in 247

the ancient caves of human inhabitation like Marayur and Edakkal in Kerala; Ref; Sasibhooshan M.G.; 'Keraliyarude Devatasankalpam' (Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam );p-65;pub. DC Books, 1st edition, 2005-6. 109 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, Mantrapada, Vol. II, Patala 17, SI. 22-26 110 'Saradatilaka',[commentary of Srimad Raghava Bhatta, IVth ed., pub. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi], Patala 11,SI.1 111 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 18, SI.6 112 ibid.S 1.30 113 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-91 114 ibid. 115 Kuncan Nambiar, 'Tullalkathakal', editor: Sivasankara Pillai P.K.,, pub. Kerala Sahitya Academy, ed. 1979, p.805. 116. Swami Harshananda, 'Hindu Gods and Goddesses'; pub. Sri Ramakrisna Math., p- 104 117 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam ; p-92 118 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. IV, Kriyapada, Patala 57, SI.11 119 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. IV, Kriyapada, Patala 57, SI. 8-21 120 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p. 92 121 Srimad Bhagavata, Skanda 8, Ad.8, pub. Chaukhamba Geetha Press, Varanasi, ed.8, p.401 122. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol II - Mantrapada, Pat 20 123. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol II, Mantrapada, Patala 21, SI. 28-31 124 ibid, SI. 60-61 125 ibid, SI. 69-71 126 ibid, SI. 85-86 127. ibid, SI. 91 128. ibid, SI 89-90 129 ibid, pp.67-74 130 Pat, 22, SI. 1 131 ibid, ibid, Sl. 13-17 132 ibid, Pat, 23, SI.9-11 133. Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. II, Mantrapada, Patala 24, SI, 28-29 134 ibid, Patala 25, SI. 7,8,9 135. ibid, Patala 25, SI. 12 136 ibid, Patala 25, SI. 14 137 ibid, Patala 25, SI. 19 138 ibid, Patala 25, SI. 20 139. ibid, Patala 25, SI. 52 140. ibid, Pat 25, SI, 68 141 ibid, Patala 25, SI. 83 . 248

142 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , pp-80-81 143 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 26, SI. 20,21,22 144 ibid, Patala 26, SI. 47 145 ibid, Patala 26, SI. 85 146 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. IV, Kriyapada, Patala 56, SI. 8-12 147 ibid, Patala 56, SI. 20-21 148 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.III, Kriyapada, Patala 12, p- 107 and Kriyapada, vol. IV, Patala 59, p-567 149 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-75-77 150 Commentary by Mahadeva Sastrikal, Kandiyoor, pp-53-59, Ch. 11,462-470, pub. Devi book stall, Kotunnagallur, eds. 10, 2006 151 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.IV, Kriyapada, Patala 59, SI. 1-2 152 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.III, Kriyapada, Patala 12, SI.70-77 153 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. IV, Kriyapada, Patala 59, SI.20-31 154 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.ll, Mantrapada, Patala 52, Sl.79 155 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.I, SP, Patala 9, SI. 108-110 156 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. II, Mantrapada, Patala 32, SI. 123-126, 134 157 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 48, SI.14 158 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 21, SI.166 159 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p. 160; Ed. by Robert L. Brown, "GANESH", Studies of an Asian God, Pub. State University of New York Press, 1991, Ch.8, pp.201-234. 160 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 15, SI.1-2 161 ibid, SI.51-57. 162 ibid, Patala 16, SI.37-39 163 ibid, Sl. 53 164 165 ibid,p-20 ibid, SI.87 166 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. IV, Kriyapada, Patala52, SI.78. 167 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.III, Kriyapada, Patala 12, p-108. 168 Keraleeyarude Devatha Sankalpam , p-165 169 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.IV, Kriyapada, Patala 53, SI. 1-11. 170 ibid, Mantrapada, SI. 134, 136 171 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. II, Mantrapada, Patala 32, SI. 9-14 & Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.IV, Kriyapada, Patala58, SI.24-25 172 ibid, Patala 60, SI. 26-27 173 ibid, Sl. 14 -21 174 ibid 175 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala32, SI.52-53 176 Jayashanker S., 'Temples of Kerala', pub. Directorate of Census Operations Kerala/ The Controller of Publications, Civil Lines, New Delhi, p.87-89. 177 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.IV, Kriyapada, Patala 51, pp. 510-511 178 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.III, Kriyapada, Patala 12, SI. 1-15 249

179 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 27, SI. 70 180 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Pat, 32, SI. 83-85 & vol. III, Kriyapada, Patala 12, SI.60-69 181 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. II, Mantrapada, Patala 32, SI. 96-97 182 ibid, Patala 12, SI.106 183 ibid, Patala 49, S 1.6 184 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.III, Kriyapada, Patala 22, Sl. 32-35 & 71 185 ibid, SI.31 186 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. II, Mantrapada, Patala 43, SI. 55 187 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol. II, Mantrapada, Patala 41, pp-292-296 188 ibid,pp. 289-296 189 Isanasivagurudeva-paddhati, vol.II, Mantrapada, Patala 42, SI.1 190 ibid, Patala 43, Sl. 83 191 ibid, Patala45, SI.42. 192 ibid. Patala 47, SI. 61& 101-103; ('Bhairava'- Priyabala Shah Dr, Visnudharmottara Purana 3rd Khanda, vol II, Ch. 6, Images and their worship-'Pratimalaksana', pub. Oriental Institute, Baroda-under authority from University of Baroda, 1961, p. 144. 250