Contribution of Vachaspati-Mishra to Nyaya Philosophy

by Champak Kalita | 2015 | 57,565 words

Hinduism Hindu Philosophy Nyaya

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Summary: The thesis explores Vachaspati-Mishra’s contributions to Nyaya philosophy through his commentary, “Nyaya Vartika Tatparya Tika”, highlighting its impact on Indian philosophical discourse. Nyaya was established by Gautama and represents one of the schools of orthodox Indian philosophy, emphasizes logical realism and analytical thinking. Vacaspati-Misra was a prolific commentator with extensive knowledge across disciplines and authored the Nyayavartikatatparyatika to defend and re-establish Nyaya doctrines against critiques from Buddhist logicians such as Dignaga.

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Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Source 1: exoticindiaart.com
Source 2: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

Contents of this online book ( + / - )

The full text of the Contribution of Vachaspati-Mishra to Nyaya Philosophy in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Acknowledgement

+ Chapter 1 - Introduction

. Part 1 - Divisions of Indian Philosophy

. Part 2 - Origin and development of Nyāya philosophy

. Part 3 - Works of Navya Nyāya school

. Part 4-5 - The Vaiśeṣika school of Indian philosophy

. Part 6 - Relation between Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika philosophy

. Part 7 - Works of the syncretic Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika school

. Part 8 - The conflict of Nyāya system with the Buddhists

. Part 9 - Vācaspati Miśra—his life, date and works

. Part 10 - An exhaustive note on Nyāyavārtikatātparyaṭīkā

+ Chapter 2 - The Categories

. Part 1 - The nature of Category or Padārtha

. Part 2 - The Sixteen types of Categories (Padārtha)

. Part 3.1 - Pramāṇa or Right Knowledge

. Part 3.2 - Prameya or Object of Right Knowledge

. Part 3.3 - Saṃśaya or Doubt

. Part 3.4 - Prayojana or Purpose

. Part 3.5 - Dṛṣṭānta or Example

. Part 3.6 - Iddhānta or Doctrine

. Part 3.7 - Avayavas or Number of Syllogism

. Part 3.8 - Tarka or Confutation

. Part 3.9 - Nirṇaya or Ascertainment

. Part 3.10 - Vāda or Discussion

. Part 3.11 - Jalpa or Wrangling

. Part 3.12 - Vitaṇḍā or Cavil

. Part 3.13 - Hetvābhāsa or Fallacy

. Part 3.14 - Chala or Quibble

. Part 3.15 - Jāti or Futility

. Part 3.16 - Nigrahasthāna or Ground of defeat

. Part 4 - Vaiśeṣika categories included in Nyāya categories

+ Chapter 3 - The Theory of Knowlegde

. Part 1 - A note on Epistemology

. Part 2 - Meaning of the terms Jñāna and Pramā

. Part 3 - Bauddha view of Valid knowledge

. Part 4 - Jain view of Valid knowledge

. Part 5 - Sāṃkhya-Yoga view of Valid knowledge

. Part 6 - Vedānta view of Valid knowledge

. Part 7 - Mīmāṃsā view of valid knowledge

. Part 8 - Valid knowledge according to later Naiyāyikas

. Part 9 - Nature of Pramāṇa

. Part 10 - Number of sources of Valid knowledge

. Part 11 - Nature of Pratyakṣa or Perception

. Part 12 - Nyāya view of Pratyakṣa (perception)

. Part 13 - Different types of Pratyakṣa or Perception

. Part 14 - Sannikarṣa and its divisions

. Part 15 - The concept of Anumāna or Inference

. Part 16 - Types of Anumāna (inference)

. Part 17 - Pañcāvayava (the five members of Syllogism)

. Part 18 - The concept of Vyāpti (universal relation)

. Part 19 - The concept of Hetvābhāsa or Fallacy

. Part 20 - The concept of Upamāna or Comparision

. Part 21 - The concept of Śabda or Verbal testimony

. Part 22 - Types of Śabda (verbal testimony)

+ Chapter 4 - The Theory of Cause and Effect

. Part 1 - Nature and scope of the Theory of Causation

. Part 2 - Classifications of the Indian Theory of Causation

. Part 3 - Svabhāvavāda or Cārvāka’s view on the Theory of Causation

. Part 4 - Buddhist view on the Theory of Causation

. Part 5 - Jaina view on the Theory of Causation

. Part 6 - The concept of Satkāryavāda

. Part 7 - Sāṃkhya-Yoga view on the Theory of Causation

. Part 8 - Advaita view on the Theory of Causation

. Part 9 - Vācaspati’s refutation of Opponents’ views

. Part 10 - Nyāya view on the Theory of Causation

. Part 11 - Definition of Cause and Effect

. Part 12 - Classification of Causes

+ Chapter 5 - The Nyāya Theory of Avayavas

. Part 1 - Arguments to prove Avayavin

. Part 2 - The concept of Dravya or Substance

. Part 3 - Different types of Substances (dravyas)

. Part 4 - The concept of Samavāya or Inherence

. Part 5 - The Nyāya Theory of Paramāṇu or Atom

+ Chapter 6 - Bondage and Liberation

. Part 1 - Nature of Mokṣa or Liberation

. Part 2 - Bauddha view on Liberation (Mokṣa)

. Part 3 - Jaina view on Liberation (Mokṣa)

. Part 4 - Sāṃkhya view on Liberation (Mokṣa)

. Part 5 - Yoga view on Liberation (Mokṣa)

. Part 6 - Mīmāṃsā view on Liberation (Mokṣa)

. Part 7 - Advaita view on Liberation (Mokṣa)

. Part 8 - Nyāya view on Liberation (Mokṣa)

+ Chapter 7 - Vācaspati’s refutation of some Bauddha views

. Part 1 - Buddhist view of Perception and its refutation

. Part 2 - Buddhist view of Causality and its refutation

Chapter 8 - Conclusion

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Last Updated: 18 May, 2025

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