Chapter 12 - Dynastic Data

CHAPTER XII DYNASTIC DATA $ 1127 tradition. history Our knowledge of ancient India rests mainly on Ancient India has not given us works dealing with "History is the one weak spot in Indian literature. It is, in fact, non-existent. The total lack of the historical sense is so characteristic that the whole course of Sanskrit literature is darkened by the shadow of this defect, suffering as it does from an entire absence of exact chronology."1 Prof. Keith rightly remarks 'that the vedic texts, the saphitas, and the Brahmanas, are not books of historical purpose is notorious!2 Statements of historical kind in the vedic literature are useful only if they are corroborated from the statements 1 Macdonell, Sanskrit Literature, P.10. 2 Keith A.B., JRAS, 1914, PP. 739,1031 739,1031 note; note; 1915, P.143 note.

1128 given elsewhere and thus tradition becomes all important as it gives many of them a chronological position. Though, we do not get purely historical works about ancient India still the tradition has given us abundant genealogies of the ancient dynastics. They give lists of kings in succession and hence their historical importance should be valued. They are almost the only historical data found in Sanskrit books regarding ancient Indian political development. Thus from the genealogies the investigation of tradition regarding historical ends may be tested.3 The Puranas, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana give accounts from the tradition about the earliest occurences. In doing so, they begin from the earliest Rgvedic period describing genealogies of kings who established kingdoms and principalities and thus parcelled out and ruled ancient India. Occasionally the feats and achievements of kings and Rsis/are related, battles mentioned and described, noticeable' incidents and happenings recorded and very valuable synchronisms noted down. In this their business the Puranas sometimes naturally conflict; sometimes the same Purana makes though rarely different statements in different places, very often they currupt the names of persons, sometimes one dynasty is merged or interwoven into or tacked on to another owing to the currupt reading that has 3 Pargiter AIHT, P.11.

1129 crept in, the result being a preposterously long line of kings, sometimes collateral successions are described as lineal, sometimes the orders of succession are reversed, sometimes dynasties are lengthened owing to various kinds of currupt readings, even a synchronism has been found to be misplaced owing to a similarity of names, divergent synchronisms have been recorded. For these reasons, it is of utmost importance to compare the various puranic accounts, amongst themselves to correct them in the light of vedic, Buddhistic and other external evidences in order that the ancient Indian history may be properly understood.4 $ The genealogies of the ancient dynastics are given more or less fully by all the Puranas, except the late Varaha, Vamana, Skanda, Naradiya, Brahmavaivarta and the Bhavisya which do not deal with the ancient past. Some are found in the Mbh. and Ramayana. The most important puranas as regards genealogies are the Vayu and Brahmanda, the Brahma and Harivamsa, the Matsya and Visnu. best text of the genealogies. closely in their genealogical accounts and subject to small variations, have practically the same text. The Brahma text has suffered through losses and according to Pargiter 5 it is incomplete, in the North-pancala genealogy (13.93-101) and The Vayu and Brahmanda have the The Brahma and Harivamsa agree 4 Sita Nath Pradhan, Chronology of Ancient India, 1927. 5 Pargiter, Op.Cit., PP. 77-80.

1130 most of its copies omit the Cedi Magadha dynasty descending from Kuru. It appears to be a revision of Vayu version. Sometimes it has omissions, sometimes additions which seem to contain genuine tradition, sometimes it varies and sometimes it commits mistakes. It is later than the 'Vayu version' as it gives two incompatible origins for the Kanyakubja and Kasi dynasties, one in each case being necessarily wrong, devised at a later time when erroneous views had gained currency. The genealogical record in Matsya is valuable and is an inne independent authority. The account in Padma is valuable for checking the Matsya text as both have the same versions with small and verbal differences. The Visnu agrees with the Vayu version. The accounts of Garuda, Agni and Bhagavata are all late recompilations. The linga account is based on Vayu version, but adopts it to frame its own text. The kurma account is a composite production and shows brahmanical features. The text of siva is similar to the 'Harivansa version' but is less accurate and shortens or omits incidental matters. The Markandeya gives only the accounts of Manu's offspring and Vaisali dynasty.6 The question naturally arises whether royal genealogies are trustworthy. From vedic literature we know that kingdoms and dynasties existed and common sense shows that they 6 Pargiter, Op.Cit., Ch. VI..

1131 could not be fictitious. Pargiter lays down various tests to examine the credibility of these genealogies and he adds, *This does not mean that they are complete and altogether accurate, because no human testimony is free from defects and errors.......Nevertheless, it is quite clear that they are genuine accounts and are substantially trustworthy. They give us history as handed down in tradition by men whose business it was to preserve the past, and they are far superior to historical statements in vedic literature, compared by Brahmins who lacked the historical sense and were little concerned with the mundane affairs.18 Notices and allusions are most trustworthy when introduced naturally, appropriately and simply in genealogies and elsewhere such as that of Dutta Attreya in connection with Arjuna Kartavirya (13.161). The Brahmanda, Vayu, Brahma, Harivansa and Matsya have the best and most valuable allusions of this kind; others have few and some have none; such as the Garuda and Agni. Where notices or allusions occur in tales or discourses, their value depends greatly on their context. Some traditions are purely mythological as Soma's abduction of Brhaspati's wife Tara and the birth of their son Budha (A.9), " The birth of Ila from Manu's sacrifice (7.3,8), the marriage of Siva and Parvati and the creation of Kartavirya from Agni 7 Pargiter, Op.Cit., Ch. X. 8 Ibid., P. 125.

1132 (A.36,82). Some stories are plainly ksatriya tales such as that of king Satyavrata, Trisanku, Vasistha and Visvamitra (7.93 8.23) and that of king Sagara (8.29-51). There are some stories which are devised in order to explain names, e.g. that of Anakadundubhi (14.15-16), Sagara (8.41), Sasada (7.49-51), Dhundhumara (7.55), Uma (34.85,86), Maruts (3.120, 121), Ajaparsva (13.135,136), Trisanku (8.17-19), Galava (7.108,109). As there is no clear distinction between history and mythology, history was mythologised. According to Pargiter, the Brahma-Purana (A.12) provides the instance of the curious pitr-vansa. Here genuine genealogy is mixed up with mythology and the whole of this vamsa of the pitr-kanyas arose out of a misunderstanding of this word. The genealogies say that Nahusa's sons were born of pitr-kanya viraja (12.1). There can be no doubt that the word meant father's daughter, i.e. sister, and not pitr's daughter, for union between brother and sister was not uncommon, as Rv.(x.10) about Yama and YamI shows. Some historical or other tradition is devised to subserve religious ends. Thus the stories of Hariscandra, Rohita and Sunahsepa (A.104) and that of Pururavas (Adhs. 101, 108) are ascribed to Godavari in order to enhance its glory in the Gautami-mahatmya. Similarly, sometimes a person or an incident is taken from historical tradition and religious traditions are freely edified on it.. The Brahma-Purana provides an instance of the king surasena (A.111). The tales

1133 that appear to be historical are generally told simply and without exaggeration and must have belonged to ancient traditions. They are trustworthy when narrated simply as the puranic stories of Satyavrata-Trisanku (7.97, 8.23) and Sagara (8.29-51). Some anecdotes provide explanation of names. Among them some appear to be ancient and may be genuine as the explanation of pancala from panca alam given to the five sons of the king Brhyasva (13.95-96) and Trisanku (7.19). Some are silly as that Iksuaku was so named because he sneezed (7.44) and that sasada got his name because he ate a hare (7.50). Some are obviously late fabrications as the one explaining Gandini (16.51). There are some statements or anecdotes that have grown from misunderstanding or misapplication of names. Sita received her name because her father Stradhvaja found her in a furrow, 9 whereas it is a natural feminine name expressing the idea of human propagation found in ksetra and the mistake led to the epithet Ayonija given to her (154.12,24). Genealogies are corroborated by other works in their support. The puranas give one version of Ayodhya genealogy and the Ramayana another and absolutely incompatible version and both of them were in existence when Kalidasa composed his Raghuvansa, yet his entire list from Dilipa II 9 Vayu, 89, 15-17.

1134 down to Agnivarna agrees substantially with the list in the Vayu, Brahmanda, Brahma, Harivansa and Visnu, the puranic list was the same substantially in his time as we have it now. Thus if in spite of Ramayana, the puranic genealogy was considered to be right, it strongly proves that it was ancient and trustworthy. As many scholars 10 have critically studied the problem of dynasties in the puranas, and have differed considerably regarding the details, I do not propose to go in for the discussion. As it is very difficult to say either one way or the other and as the subject of dynasties in puranas is still open for further research, its constituting a subject by itself, in the following pages, an effort has been made to give a faithful representation of the dynasties given in the Brahma-purana. As tradition begins with myth and as the myth that explains the earliest condition in India derives all the 10 Pargiter E.E., Ancient Indian Historical Tradition; Pradhan Sita Nath, Chronology of Ancient India; Mankad D.R., Puranic chronology, Durgashankar Shastri, Aitihasika samsodhana (in Guj.); K.M.Munshi, Glory that was Gurjaradesa (P.1), Keith A.B., J.R.A.S.; H 1914; Pusalkar A.D., Vedic age, chs. XIV-XV; Bose Girindra Shekhar, Purana Pravesa, Bhargava P.L., India in the Vedic age, Ghoshal U.N., Studies in Indian History and Culture.

1135 dynasties that reigned there from a primeval king Manu Vaivasvata, the study of genealogies in the following pages, has been commenced after the first narrating the account of Manu Vivasvan and his progeny, the progeny of the sixty daughters of Datsa and then the following genealogies, viz.Iksvaku, Kanyakubja, Kasi, Haihaya, Yadu, Puru, Druhyu, Anu and Turvasu have boon described in details. All the puranas regard Manu, the son of Vivasvan, as the progenitor of all the dynasties that reigned in the early history of India, therefore, it is necessary to start with an ancestral history of Manu vaivasvata as givon in the BrahmaPurana. Visnu created Virat and from him was created Vairaja or Svayambhuva Manu (1.53, II.4). He married Satarupa and had a son Vira by her. Vira married Kanya, the daughter of Kardama Prajapati, and had four sons, viz. Priyavrata and Uttanapadall, Samratkuksi and Viratprabhu. 11 II.5; vide Mankad D.R.- Puranic Chronology, PP.22,23. In the Puranas there are various genealogies and most of them start with what the Puranas call Svayambhuva Vansa. Brahma Purana (3) Visnu (Svayambhu) Vairaja (Svayambhuva Manu) 1st (by Satarupa) Vira (By Kanya) Dhruva Caksus Priyavrata Uttanapada Manu slisti (6th) Dhruva Kirtiman Ayusmanta Vasu Ripu Puru Caksus Anga

1136 Uttanapada was adopted by the Prajapati Atri. Uttanapada married Sunrta, the daughter of Dharma and had the sons, Dhruva, Kirtiman, Ayusman and Vasu (II.8-10). Dhruva married Sambhu and had the sons Bhavya and Slisti. Slisti married Succhaya and had five sons, Viz. Ripu, Ripunjaya, Vira, Vrkala and Vrkateja. Ripu married Brhati and had a son Caksusa. Casksusa married Puskarind, the daughter of the Prajapati Virana and had a son Caksusa Manu (2.16). He married Nadvala, the daughter of Vairaja Prajapati and had ten sons, viz. Kutsa, Puru, Satadyumna, Tapasvi, Satyavak, Kavi, Agnistut, Atiratra, Sudyumna, and Abhimanyu (2.17-19). Puru married Agney and had the sons, viz. Anga, Sumanasa, Svati, Kratul Kratu, Angirasa and Maya (2.19-20). Anga married Sunitha Antardhin and they had a son Vena. By rubbing his right hand, Prthu was created. Prthu had the sons Antardhin and Patin. married Sikhandin and they had a son Havirdhana. Havirdhana married Agneyi Dhisana and had six sons, viz. Pracinabarhisa, Sukra, Gaya, Krsna, Vraja and Ajina. Pracinabarhis married Savarna, the daughter of Samudra and they had the sons Pracetas. They married Marisa, the daughter of trees who was created out of the essence of Soma and they had a son who created the whole world. He had sixty daughters (2.21-46). One of them was Aditi and she was married to Kasyapa and they had a son Vivasvan who was married to Samjna. They had two sons Manu and Yama and a daughter. Manu was known as Vaivasvata Manu and became

1137 the progenitor of all the dynasties ruling in the ancient India. By Chaya, Vivasvang had two sons: Savarnya Manu and Sanal scara (A.6). Vaivasvata Manu performed a sacrifice and out of it a maiden emerged who was known afterwards as his daughter Ila. Vaivasvata Manu had other nine sons, the eldest among them, viz. Iksvaku started the solar line. Ila married Budha, the son of Soma, and grandson of Atri, the manasaputra of Brahma and gave birth to Pururava and his descendants were the originators of Kanyakubja, Kasi, Puru, Yadu, Turvasu, Druhyu, Anu and other dynasties (A.7). For the table refer to belewhat follows. In the following tables the sign of ↑ means descendant, x means marriage.: Visnu Virat Vairaja or Svayambhuva Manu x Satarupa Vira x Kamya (daughter of Kardama Prajapati) Priyavrata Uttanapada x Sunrta (Daughter of Dharma) Dhruva * Kirtiman Ayusman Bhavya Sambhu ន111 Succhaya Vasu

1138 Ripu Brhati Succhaya Ripunjaya Vfra Vrkala Vrkateja Caksusa x Puskarini (daughter of Prajapati Virana) Caksusa Manu x Nadvala (daughter of the Prajapati Vairaja) : Kutsa Puru Satadyumna Tapasvi Satya- Kavi Agni- Atira Suayu Abhi vak stut tra mna man : Anga x Sunitha Vena Prthu x Agneyi Sumana Sviti Kratu Angiras Maya Antardhin I Patin Sikhandini Havirdhana I Agneyi Dhisana Pracinabarhis sukra X xiang Gaya Savarna (daughter of Samudra) Pracetas x Marisa 60 daughters Vraja Ajinan Aditi x Kasyapa -yu.

60 daughters x Aditi x Kasyapa Vivasvan x Vivasvan Manu Mama Samina Chaya Sanaiscara a Two Savarnya daugh Advi Manu ter nikumar as 8 Ila Iksvaku Nabha- Dhrsta Sarya- Nariti syanta su ga 60 Daughters of Prajapati Daksa Dakse had 60 daughters. 1139 Pram- Aris- Kar- Prsata ksa dhra Ten were married to Dharma, 13 to Kasyapa, 27 to Soma, Four to Aristanemi, two to Bahuputra, two to Arigiras and two to Krsasva. The names of the ten wives of Dharma were: Arundhati, Vasu, Yami, Lamba, Bhanu, Marutvati, Sankalpa, Muhurta, Sadhya and Visva Visva gave birth to Visvedevas, Sadhya to Sadhyas, Muhurta to Muhurtas, Sankalpa to Sankalpas, Marutvati to Marutvans, Bhanu to Bhanus, Lamba to Ghosa, Yami to Vrsala, Vasu to Vasus, Arundhati to all the beings related to the world. Soma had many sons by his 27 wives, the famous of whom were the eight vasus- Viz. Apa, Dhruva, Soma, Dhava, Anila, Anala, Pratyasa, and Prabhasa. The son of Apa was Vaitandna,

1140 that of Dhruva was Kola, that of Soma was Vare whose son was VarcasvI, that of Dhava wao Dravina, thoso of Manojeva and Avijnatagati, Sacha, Visakha and Naigameya. Anile wore Anala had four sons, viz. Runara, and he had two sons,Prabhasa was The son of Pratyusa vas Devala married to Brhaspati's sister. The thirteen vives of Kasyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arista, Ourss, Khasa, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasa, Ira, Kadru and Huni. The progeny of Kasyapa and Aditi was tho twelve altyas. Thoir names wore, Visnu, futra, Aryama, Dhata, Tvasta, Pusan, Vivosvon, Savita, Nitra, Varuna, Amda and Bhaga. The son of Vivasvan was Valvasvata Manu who was tho progenitor prosony, of or all the dynasties. The Marute vere the Kadyapa and Aditi. Kasyape and Diti had the sons: Miranyakasipu ani Hiranyaksa and a daughter Sinhika. The sons of Ditl and Hiranyakasipu were Hrada, Anuhrada, Prahrade and Caalrade. Hrada had the son Hrda and he had two sons, sive and Kala. The son of Prabrada was Virocana, the father of Bell. Boli had 100 sone, the chief of Whoa wore Bana, Dhrtarnatra, Surya, Candrama, Candratapana, Kumbhanabhs, Gardabhaksa and Kaksi. The sons of Saphrads vere the Nivatekavacas. The sons of firanyaksa were Bharbhara, dakuni, Chitasaptanana, Mahanabha, Kalanabha,,Sinhika was married to a Deneva an! hed the sons fanide, selva, nala, Nola, Vatapi, www 33 • Namiel, Ilbala, Basryna, Maraka, Andika, Kalandbha, Saramena, and Sverakalpo Kasyapa and Dana had hundred cons, the chief of whom

1141 were Dvimurdha, Sankhakarna, Hayasiras, Vibhu, Ayemukha, Sambara, Kapila, Vamana, Marici, Maghavan, Ilvala, Svasruma, Viksobhana, Ketu, Ketuvirya, Satahrda, Indrajit, Sarvajit, Vajranabha, Ekacakra, Mahabahu, Tarake, Mahabala, Vaisvanara, Puloma, Vidravana, Svarbhanu, Vrsaparva, and Vipracitti. The daughter of Svarbhanu was Prabha, that of Puloma was Saci, that of Hayasiras was Upadipti, that of Vrsaparva, Sarmistha, those of Vaisvanara, Puloma and Kalika". Kasyapa and Arista gave birth to Siddhas and Gandharvas. Kasyapa and Surasa gave birth to 1,000 serpents. Kasyapa and Khasa gave birth to Yaksas, Raksas, sages and nymphs. Kasyap and Surabhi gave birth to 11 Rudras. Their names were Ajalkapada, Ahirbudhnya, Ivasta, Hara, Haivata, Mrgavyadha, Sarva, Kapali, Tryambaka, Vrsakapi and Kapardin. Kasyapa and Vinata gave birth to Garuda and Anena. Kasyapa and Tam had 6 daughters, viz. Kraunci, Syeni, Bhasi, Sugrivi, Suci, Grdhrika. Kraunci had the sons Ulukas and Pratyulukas, Syeni had the syenas, Bhasi had the Bhasas, Sugrivi had the birds, Suci had the acquatic birds and animals. and Ita had as progeny the branches, creepers and grass. Kasyapa and Kadru had the sons Kadraveyas. Their names were Sesa, Vasuki, Taksaka, Airavata, Mahapadma, Kambala, Agvatala, Elapatra, Sankha, Karkotaka, Dhananjaya, Mahanila, Mahakarna, Dhrtarastra, Durmukha, Sumukha, Sankha, Snkhapala, Kapila, Vamana, Nahusa, Sankhakarma and Mani. Kasyapa

1142 } Aristanemi had 10 sons by the daughters of Daksa. Bahuputra had four sons by his two wives and Krsasva had many sons called the Devapraharanas by his two wives. This is the account of the progeny of the sixty daughters of Daksa as given by the Brahma-Purana (A.3). (1) DAKSA (A.3) 60 daughters nemi ☑ 10 27 4 to Dharma to Soma to Arista- to Bahu- to to putra Angiras 2 2 Krsasua. 2 to Kasyapa 13 (2) Dharma x Arundhati, Arundhati, Vasu, Yami, Lamba, Bhanu, : all the Vasus Insala Ghosa Bhanus things rela -ted to the world X Marutvati, Sankalpa, Sankalpa, Muhurta, Sadhya, Visva Marutvans Sankalpa Muhurtas Sadhyas Visve -devas (3) Soma x 27 wives Many sons, 8 Vasus viz. Apa, Dhruva, Soma, Dhava, Anila, Vaitandya Kala Varca Dravina Manojava Varcasvi Anala, Pratyasa, Devala Kumara Sakha Visa Naiga kha meya * 1 2 & Avijnatagati Prabhasa

(4) Kasyapa x 13 wives - (a) Kasyapa x Aditi 1143 Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arista, Surasa, Khasa, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasa, Ira, Kadru and Muni. 2 Visnu Sukra Aryama Dhata Tvasta Pusan Vivasvan Vaivasvata Manu Savita Mitra Varuna Amsa Bhaga Maruts. (b) Kasyapa x Diti Hiranyakasipu Hiranyaksa Simhika (Daughter) K Danava Hrada Anuhra da Prahra da Samhra da Hrda 'b Virocana Nivata: Bali kavaca: S Vamsa, Salya, Nala, Bala, Vatapi, Namuci, Ilbala, Svasruma, Naraka, Anjika, Kalanabha, Svaramana, Svarakalpa. Siva Kala 100 sons. Bana, Dhrtarastra, Surya,) Candra, Candratapana, Kumbhanabha, Gadabhaksa, Kaksi Bharbhara Sakuni Bhutasamta- Mahana- Kalapana bha nabha.

1144 (c) Kasyapa Danu 100 sons Dvimurdha, Sankhakarna, Hayasiras - daughter Upadipti, Vibhu, Ayomukha, Sambara, Kapila, Vamana, Marici, Maghavan, Ilvala, Svasrima, Viksobhana, Ketu, Ketuvinya, Satahrda, Indrajit, Sarvajit, Vajranabha, Ekacakra, Mahabanu, Taraka, Mahabala, Vaisvanara, Puloma -> Saci, Vidravana, Svarbhanu -♪Prabha, Vrsaparva - Sarmistha, Vipracitti -> Puloma and Kalika. (d) Kasyapa x Arista Siddhas Gandharvas (e) Kasyapa x Surasa 1000 serpents (f) Kasyapa x Khasa Yaksas Raksas Sages Nymphs (g) Kasyapa x Surabhi Ajaikapada Ahirbudhnya Tvasta Hara Raivata Mrgavgadha ", Sarva Kapali Tryambaka Vrsakapi Kapardit (h) Kasyapa X Vinata Garuda Anena.

(1) Kasyapa I Taura 1145 Kranci Syenf Binasi Sugrivi Suci Gydhrika Syenas Bhases birds Audakas Ulukas Pratyalukas (j) Kasyapa x Ira Branches Bushes Creepers Grass (k) Kasyapa x Kedru Kadraveyas Sesa, Vasuki, Taksaka, Airavata, Mahapadma, Kambala, Advatala, Eiapatra, Samkha, Karkotaka, Dhananjaya, Mahanila, Dhrtarastra, Durmukha, Sumulcha, Samikha, Sankhapela, Kapila, Vamana, Nahuga, Sarikharoma and Mani. (5) Aristaneml x 4 wives (6) Bahuputra x 2 wives (7) Kysasva * 2 wives 10 sons. SOUS. many sons called Devapraharanas. Manu Vivasvan had nine sons: viz. Iksvaku, Nabhaga, Dhrsta, Sarvati, Narisyanta, Prams, Arista, Karusa, and Prsadhre (7.1-3). Menu performed a sacrifice and a mid waldon Ila omerged out of it. She married Budha and started the lunar reco.

1146 Let us now trace the descendents of Iksvaku, the son of Manu Vivasvan. Manu divided his kingdom amongst his nine sons and Ila, though was transformed to the male form of Sudyumna did not get kingdom as her original form was that of a girl. Iksvaku gained the kingdom of Madhyadesa (7.19.21). Iksvaku had hundred sons among whom Vikuksi was the eldest. He had five hundred sons among whom skuni and Vesati were the main. Vasati and other 58 sons went away in the southern direction and Vikuksi whose another name was Sasada became the king after the death of his father Iksvaku. He had another son Kakutstha (7.43-52). The descendents of Kakutstha were Anena, Prthu, Vistarasva, Ardra, Yavanasua, Sravasta, Brhadasa, Kuvalas pa and as Kuvalasva killed the demon Dhundhu, he was called Dhundhumara. He had hundred sons. All of them were killed while searching for the demon Dhundhu under the ocean. Only three viz. Drdhasva, Candrasva and Kapilasva were saved (7.52-87). The descendants of Drdhasva were Haryasva, Nikumbha and Samhatasva, Samhatasva had two sons, viz. Krsasva and Akrsasva and a daughter Haimavati. Haimavati gave birth to Prasenjit and he married Gauri and had the son Yuvanasva (7.87-91). The son of Yuvanasva was Mandhata, He married Caitrarathi, the daughter of Sasabindu. She was also called Bindumati. By her Mandhata had two sons, viz. Purukutsa and Mucukunda. Purukutsa married Narmada and had a son Trasadasyu

1147 His descendants were Sambhuta, Tridhanva, Trayyaruna and Satyavrata (7.94-96). As Satyavrata carried away some maiden while her marriage-ceremony was going on, he was abandoned by his father (7.96-100). He was also known as Trisanku and as he maintained the family of the sage Visvamitra in times of famine, he was sent to heaven with his body as was his desire (7.19-21). He had married Satyaratha belonging to the family of Kaikeya and his descendants were Hariscandra, Rohita, Harita, Cancu, Vijaya, Ruruka, Vrka and Bahu (8.25-28). Bahu married Yadavi and had the son Sagara (8.40). Sagara had two wives, viz. Kesini, daughter of Vidarbha and Mahati, daughter of Aristanemi. One of them had 60,000 sons and another had one son Pancajana (8.66-68). All the 60,000 sons were burnt by the wrath of the sage Kapila when they accused him to be the thief of the horse of the Asvamedha, sacrifice that was performed by Sagara (8.51.56) and only four had remained viz. Barhiketu, Suketu, Dharmaratha and Pancanada (8.57). · The descendants of Pancajana, another son of Sagara were Ansuman, Dilipa or Khatvanga, Bhagiratha, Sruta, Nabhaga, Ambarisa, Sindhudvipa, Ayutajit, Rtuparna, Attaparni, Sudasa, Saudasa also known as Kalmasapada or Mitrasaha, Sarvakarma, Anaranya, (8.73-83). Anaranya had four sons: Nighna, Nighnata, Anamitra and Raghu. The descendants of Anamitra were Duliduha, Dilipa, Raghu, Aja, Dasaratha, Rama, Kusa, Atithi, Nisadha, Nala, Nabha,

1148 Pundarika, Ksemadhanva, Devanika, Ahinagu, Sudhanva, Sala, Ukya, Vajranabha, and Nala (8.84-92). The Brahma-Purana then states that there are two Nalas, well-known in Purana, one is the son of Virasena and another is the descendant of Ikszaku genealogy (8.94). After examining the descendants of Iksmaku, the eldest son of Manu Vivasvan, let us now see the families of his other brothers Nabhaga and Arista were Vaisyas and they became brahmins (7.42). The son of Nabhaga was Ambarisa (7.24), that of Dhrsta was Dharstaka (7.25), those of Karusa were Karusas (7.25), that of Pramsu was Prajapati (7.26), that of Narisyanta was Yama (7,27), and his other sons being the Sakas (7.24), those of Saryati were the twins Anarta and Sukanya. Sukanya was married to Cyavana. The son of Anarta was Raiva who had a son Raivata, or Kakudmi and he had a daughter Revati who was married to Balarama (7.27-34). my The sons of Nabhaga and Dhrsta who were ksatriyas became afterwards the Vaisyas (7,26). For the chart refer to the following tables.

Iksuaku Genealogy Manu Vivasvan Ila Iksvaku Lunar race Nabhaga Dhrita Saryati Ambarisa Dharstaka Narisyanta. Sakas Pransu Arista Karksa Prsadhra : Prajapatis one son Karusa suaras 100 sons the eldest Vikuksi Ksatriyas or Sasada Anarta Sukanya x Cyavana 500 sons, the main Raiva 100 Saryatas being Sakuni, Vasati, Kakutstha Anena Prthu Vistarasva Ardra Raivata or Kakudmi Revati x Balarama Yuvanasva Sravasta Brhadasva Kuvalaska or Dhundhumara 100 sons, like Drdhasva, Candrasva, Kapilasva Haryasva 1149

Haryasva Nikumbha : Samhatasva Krsasva Akrnasva Hemavati (daughter) Prasenajit x Gauri Yuvanasva Mandhata x Caitrarathi (Daughter of Sasabindu) Purukutsa x Narbada : Mucukunda Trasadasyu Sambhuta Tridhanva Trayyaruna Satyavrata : Hariscandra * Satyaratha (belonging to Kaikeya family) Rohita 1150

Rohita Harita Cancu Vijaya Ruruka 60,000 sons VTka Bahu x Yadavi Sagara x two wives Some of the names like Barhiketu, Suketu,Dharmaratha, and Pancanada are given. Kesini (daughter of Vidarbha) Mahati (daughter of Aristanemi) Pancajana Amsumana Dilipa or Khatvanga Bhagiratha Sruta Nabhaga Ambarisa Sindhudvipa Ayutajit 1151

: Ayutajit Rtuparna Attaparni Sudasa Saudasa or Kalmasapada or Mitrasaha Sarvakarma Anaranya Nighna Nighnata Anamitra Raghu Duliduha Dilipa Raghu Aja Dasaratha Rama Kusa 1152

Kusa Atithi Nisadha Nala Nabha Pundarika Ksemadhaniva Devanika Ahinagu Sudhanva Sala Ukya Vajranabha Nala pauze 118

1154 Atri was the manasa son of lord Brahma (1.43-44). He practised severe penance and obtained Soma as his son (9.1- 6). Soma was made the king of seeds, herbs, waters and Brahmins. Feeling very proud and egoistic he carried away Tara, the wife of the sage Brhaspati and begot in her a son called afterwards Budha (9.19-32), He invited Ila, the daughter of Manu Vivasvan for sexual intercourse and gave birth to Pururava or Aila (7.16, 9.33). He married Urvasi and had seven sons by her (9.34, 10.11). Their names were Ayu, Amavasu, Visvayu, srutayu, Drdhayu, Vanaya and Bahvayu. Y Ayu, the eldest son of Pururava married Prabha, the daughter of Svarbhanu and had five sons by her, viz., Nahusa, Vrddhasarma, Rambha, Raji and Anena (11,1-2). Among these Raji had 500 sons. They were very strong and were known as Rajeya ksatriyas. They were so powerful that even Indra was afraid of them. Once when a terrible war ensued between the gods and the demons, they approached Brahma and asked him as to who would be victorious. Brahma replied that that side would win from whom king Raji would fight. The king Raji kept a Ik condition that he was ready to fight from that side which agreed to make him their lord after the war was over. The daityas did not comply to the condition as they wanted Prahrada to be their Indra but the gods agreed to it and with the help of king Raji they won the battle. But Indra deceived the king

1155 Raji by telling him that he would work as Indra in the capacity of being considered as Raji's son. Raji was deceived by his sweet words but after his death, the sons of Raji took away the kingdom from Indra. After achieving power, they became very weak and Indra defeated them and regained his kingdom. Thus the sons of Raji met their end (11.3-26). Rambha, another son of Ayu, had no progeny (11.27). The dynasties of the other two sons Nahusa, and Anena last longer, therefore, they should be mentioned one by one. Nahusa was the eldest son of Ayu and married his sister Viraja (Pitrkanya) and had six sons who were as brilliant as Indra. The names of only five sons are mentioned, viz. Yati, Yayati, Samyati, Ayati and Parsvaka (12.1-2). Only two sons are important, Yati and Yayati. daughter of Kakutstha. Yati, the eldest married Gau, the Yati resorted to mokaadharma and became a Muni (12.3). After him, his younger brother Yayati succeeded to the kingdom. Yayati had two wives, Devayani daughter of the great sage Usanas and Sarmistha, the daughter of the Asura king Vrsaparva. The former bore two sons Yadu and Turvasu and the latter three Druhyu, Anu and Puru (12.56). Yayati conquered the whole world, daityas and Danavas within six nights and divided his kingdom into five parts amongst his sons. Thus Yadu obtained the kingdom of Eastern direction, Puru that of the middle, and Turvasu that of

1156 the south-east and from these five sons, the five famous royals lines of the Yadus or Yadavas, the Turvasus, the Druhyus, the Anus or Anavas and the Purus or Pauravas descended. After dividing his kingdom Yayati asked the youth of all his sons one by one as he wanted to enjoy life but all the sons denied to take his old age except the youngest Puru who gave his youth to Yayati. Yayati cursed the first four sons that their descendants would never be able to have the kingdom. After enjoying for many years, Yayati practised penance at the Bhrgutunga and went to heaven (12.8-48), Yadu, the eldest son of Yayati had five sons resembling the sons of gods. They were Sahasrada, Payoda, Krosta, Nila and Anjika. Sahasrada had three sons, viz. Haihaya, Haya and Venuhaya. The descendants of Haihaya were Dharmanetra, Karta, and Sahanja(13.153-156). blished the city at Sahanjani. After this the Brahma-Purana Sahanja estadoes not mention the succeeding personalities as the descendants of Sahanja but mentions them as the descendants of 12 Mahismata. But as the F.N. remarks, Mahismata seems to be another name of Sahanja. Thus the descendants of Mahismata were Bhadrasrenya, Durdama and Kanaka. Kanaka had four sons, Viz. Krtavirya, Krtauja, Krtadhanva and Krtagni. Krtavirya had a son Arjuna. He practised penance for many years, 12 The Brahma Purana, An. ed., P. 43, A.13.157.

1157 He worshipped the sage Dattatreya and obtained thousand hands. conquered the world and ruled with righteousness. He became a Cakravartin Samrat. He defeated Ravana and captivated him in Mahismati. Being requested by Pulastya he had released Ravana, the king of Lanka. Once Agni came to Kartavirya or Sahasrarjuna and asked Bhiksa from him. Sahasrarjuna gave him his whole kingdom whereupon Agni began to devour it and in that he burnt the hermitage of the sage Vasistha or Apava, the son of Varuna. Vasistha cursed Kartavirya that he would be killed by Parasurama, the son of the sage Jamadagni. In the olden Out times, Kartavirya himself had chosen his death in this way, of the hundred sons of Kartavirya, only five remained, viz. Surasena, Sura, Vrsana, Madhupadhvaja and Jayadhvaja. Jayadhvaja had a son Talajangha and his hundred sons were known as Talajanghas. In the genealogy of the Haihayas, the descendants were vitihotras, Sujatas, Bhojas, Avantayas, Taundikeras and Bharatas. As they were many they are not enumerated (13.157- 204). Ayu and Yadu Manu Vivasvan Atri (Manasa son of Brahma) Soma x Tara (Wife of Brhaspati) Ila x Budha Pururava x Urvasi

1158 Pururava x Urvasi Ayu x Prabha Amava- Visvayu Stayu Drahayu Vanayu Bahvayu (daughter of Su Svarbhanu) Nahusa x Viraja Vrddhasarma Rambha Raji 500 sons called Rajeyas Anona Yati x Gau Yayati Samyati Ayati * Parsvaka (daughter of Kakut X -stha) Devayani Sarmistha (Daughter of Usnas (Daughter of Vrsaparva) Vadu Turvasu. Druhyu Anu Puru Sahasrada Payoda Krostu Nila Anjika Haihaya Haya Venuhavya Dharmanetra Karta Sahanja or Mahismata Bhadrastenya Durdama Kanaka !

Kanaka Krtavirya Krtauja Krtadhanva nva Krtagni Arjuna (Sahasrarjuna) 100 sons some of them being Surasena, Sura, Vrsana, Madhupadhvaja,Jayadhvaja Talajangha 100 Talajanghas Vitihotras, Sujatas, Bhojas, Avantayas, Taundikeras, Bharatas. 1159 After finishing with Sahasrada, the first son of Yadu, let us trace the lineage of Krosta, another son of Yadu. The Brahma Purana (14.1-5) states that Krosta had two wives, viz. Gandhari and Madri Gandhari had a son Anamitra, and MadrI had two sons Yudhajit and Devamidhusa. The descendants of these three sons formed the lineages of Vrsni, Madri had two more sons, Vrsni and Andhaka. The sons of Vrsni were Svaphalka and Citraka. Svaphalka married Gandini, the daughter of the king of Kasi. The sons of the king Svaphalka were Akrura, Upamadugu, Madgu, Medura, Arimejaya, Aviksit, Aksepa,

1160 Satrughna, Arimardana, Dharmadhrk, Yatidharma, Dharmoksa, Andhakaru, Avaha, Prativaha and a daughter Varangana (14.6-11), Akrura married Sugatri, the daughter of Ugrasena, (16.49-54) and had two sons Prasena and Upadeva 13 and by the daughter of the king or Kasi, he had a son Satyaketu (14.43). Citraka: another son of Madri had the sons Prthu, Viprthu, Asvagriva, Asvabahu, Svaparsvaka, Gavesana, Aristanemi, Asva, Sudharma, Dharmabhrt, Subahu and Bahubahu and two daughters Sravistha and Sravana (14.12,13). Devamichusa, the another son of Madri, married Asikni and had a son Sura. Sura married Bhojya and had ten sons, viz. Vasudeva, Devabhaga, Devasrava, Anadhrsti, Kanavaka, Vatsavan, Grijama, Syama, Samika, and Gandusa and five daughters viz. Prthukfrti, Prtha, Srutadeva, Srutasrava and Rajadhidevi. Rajadhidevi had five sons. When Vasudeva was born, the dundubhis and & anakas were played in heaven and on earth, therefore, he was also known as Anakadundubhi (14.14-20). Srutasrava had a son sipala, the king of Cedi. Prthukirti had a son Vrddhasarma. Dantavakra, the king of Karusa had no sons and therefore he adopted Prtha, the daughter of Sura and got her married with Pandu. By Dharma, she had Yudhisthira, by Vayu 13 (14.11), (16.55,56). In adh. 16, the sons of Akrura are called Vasudeva and Upadeva

1161 she had Bhimasena and by Indra she had Dhananjaya (14.20-23). Srutadeva had two sons, Nivrttasatru and Satrujna and Ekalavya who was brought up by the Nisadas. As Vatsavan had no sons, Vasudeva gave him the aurasa son of Kusika. As Gandusa had no sons, Visvaksena gave him the sons Carudesna, Sudesna, Pancala and Raukmineya. Kanavaka had two sons Tantrija and Tantripala, Grnjama had the sons Vire and Asvahanu; the son of Samika was Syama and he had a son Ajatasatru. of Anadhrsti was Asinakya (14.27-34), The son Vasudeva: the eldest son of Sura had fourteen wives, viz. Rohini of Puru family, Madiradi, Vaisakhi, Bhadra, Sunammi, Sahadeva, Santideva, Sridevi, Devaraksita, Vrkadevi, Upadevi and DevakI; these twelve belonged to royal families and there were two other maid-servants, viz. Sutani and Vadava (14.36-38). Rohini of Puru family was the daughter of Bahlika. The Brahma-Purana further states that the eldest among all his wives was the daughter of Anakadundubhi (14.39), but the statement does not fit in because as already mentioned Anakadundubhi was another name of Vasudeva and the lady who was his wife cannot be his daughter at the same time. Rohini had nine children, viz. the sons Rama, Saranya, Satha, Durdama, Damana, Subhra, Pindaraka, Usinara, and a daughter Citra. Another name of Citra was Subhadra (14.40,41). Vasudeva and

1162. Devaki gave birth to Sauri Rama, the son of Vasudeva, married Revati and gave birth to Nisatha (14.42). Elsewhere it is said that Rama had another son also viz. Ulmuka (158.19). Subhadra and Partha gave birth to Abhimanyu. Vasudeva and Santidevi had two sons, viz. Bhoja and Vijaya; Vasudeva and Sunani had two sons, viz. Vrkadeva and Gada, and Vasudeva and Vrkadevi had a son Agavaha who afterwards became the king of Trigarta (14.41-46). The slokas following this account do not properly fit in with the context. For the table refer on the next page.

Krostu Yudhajit Manu Vivasvan Ila Puru Pururava Ayu Nahusa Yayati Madu Krostu ☑ Gandhari Anamitra du Madri Devamidusa x Asikni Vrsni Sura x Bhojya Andhaka Vasudeva =(Anakadun Devabhaga Devastava narsti Kanavaka Vatsavan Grnj Grnjama Syama -dubhi) Uddhava Asmakya Samika Tantrija Tantripala Viru Asvahanu Ajatasatru 1163

Smika Sura x Bhojya (Contd.) Daughters Gandusa Prthukirti Prtha = Kunti Srhadeva Srutasrava Were Carudesna, Sudesna, Pancala his adopted sons Raukmineya.. Vrddhasarma (adopted by Dantavakra) Rajadhidevi Sisupala X " Five heroic Pandu Nivrtt Satru Ekalavya -asatru jhna sons Yudhisthira (by Dharma) Bhima ' (by Vayu) Dhananjaya (by Indra) Sura x Bhojya (Contd.) Vasudeva = (Anakadundbhi) Rohini Madira (daughter -di of Bahlika of Puru Genealogy) 15 raksita devi devi Vaisakhi Bhadra Sunama Sahadevi Santi, Sridevi DevaVrka- UpaUpaDevaki deva Krsna Vrkadeva Gada Bhoja Vijaya Balarama Saranya Satha x Revati Nisatha Ulmuka F Durdama Damana Subhra Pinda- Usinara Daughter raka (daughter of the king of Trigarta) Agavaha Citra also called Subhadra X Partha Abhimanyu. 1164

h Yudhajit Devami dusa Madri (Contd.) Vrsni Andhaka Svaphalka Z Gandini (Daughter of king of Kasi) Citraka Anamitra (According to the ** ** ** Satyaka other account Prasena Anamitra Nighna Satyaki Satrajit Prthu Vipr thu bahu svaka Asvagriva Asva- Supar- Dave- Arist sana anemi Satrajit x ten wives 100 children Satyabhama) x Krsna Prasvapinil Asva Sudharma Dharma- Subahu Bahu bhrt bahu Daughters Sravi- Srava stha Sabhaksa Bhagankara -na Naveya Vatapati Vasumedha Akrura Upamadgu Madgu Medura Arimejaya Aviksit Aksepa Satrughna Arimardana Dharma- Yatidharma Dharmoksa dhrk Andhakaru Avaha Pativaha daughter Varangana. 1165

1166 Vrsni, another son of Madri, had another son Anamitra, The descendants of Anamitra were Satyaka and Satyaki (14,24,25), After this it is stated that Uddhava was the son of Devabhaga and he had a son Asmakya (14.24,26). Elsewhere it is stated that Anamitra had a son Nighna and Nighna had two sons, Prasena and Satrajit (16.11). Satrajit had ten wives and hundred sons. Among them, three sons were famous viz. Bhagamkara, Vatapati and Vasumedha. Bhagamkara had two sons, viz. Sabhaksa and Naveya. The two daughters of Satrajit,viz. Satyabhama and PrasvapinI were given in marriage to krsna (17.45-48). Elsewhere it is stated that Madhu was the son of Vrsni and he had 100 sons among whom Vrsana continued the lineage, the descendants of Vrsni were called Vrsnis and those of Madim were called Madhavas (13.205-27). Pargiter believes that the whole lineage given here starting from Krosta really belongs to Vrsni, a descendant of Krostu, and son of Saturan by Kausalya and that the BrahmaPurana is wrong here in assigning it to Krostu, the son of Yadu; the mistake, according to him, lying in identifying Vrsni with Krosta and mentioning here Krosta instead of Vrsni. It should be admitted that here there is some confusion, since after giving this whole lineage under Krosta, the son of Yadu, the Brahma-Purana again gives a different lineage 15 AIGT, F.103.

1167 under the name of Krosta at a different place (A.15). The account given in Adh. 14 is again repeated in adh.16.16 The Brahma-Purana further states that Krostu, the son of Yadu, had a son Vrjinivan and the descendants of Vrjinivan were Svahi, Usadgu, Citraratha, Sasabindu, Prthusrava, Antara, Suyajna, Usat, Sineyu, Maruta, Kambalabarhis, Rkmakavaca and Parajit. Parajit had five sons, Rkmesu, Prthurukma, Jyamagha, Palita and Hari. Palita and Hari were appointed to protect the country Videha and Rimesu became the king with the help of Prthurkma. Both of them drove out their brother Jyamagha from their kingdom. Jyamagha married Saibya and at a very old age, he got the son Vidarbha whom he got married with a maiden brought by him after winning a battle in previous times (15.1-20). Vidarbha had three sons Kratha, Kaisika and Bhima. The descendants of Bhima were Kunti and Dhrsta. Dhrsta had three sons, viz. Avanta, Dasarha, and Visahara. The descendants Madhu of Dasarha were Vyoma, Jimuta, Vikrti, Bhimaratha, Navaratha, Dasaratha, Sakuni, Karambha, Devarata and Devaksatra. Devaksatra had two sons, viz. Vrddhaksatra and Madhu. had two wives, viz. Vaidarbhi and Aiksvaki. By VaidarbhI he had Purudvan and by Aiksvaki, he had Satvan (15.21-29). Satvan married Kausalya and had four sons, viz. Bhajamana, Devavrdha, 16 cf. 14. 1,2 with 16.9,10.

1168 Andhaka and Vrsni (15.30,31). Pargiter 17 believes that the whole lineage mentioned before given in adh. 14 under the name of Krostu belongs to this Vrsni. Bhajamana had two wives, viz. Bahyakesrnjay and Upabanyakasrijay, By the first wife, he had the sons Krimi, Elsewhere Vidaratha might be Kramana, Dhrsta, Sura and Puranjaya and by UpabahyakasrnjayI, he had Ayutajit, Sahasrajit, Satajit and Dasaka. (16.1) it is mentioned that Bhajamana had another son Viduratha and his son was Rajadhideva. the son of Bhajamana, who was the son of Andhaka instead of being the son of Bhajamana who was the son of Satavan. But the Brahma-Purana does not make it clear. The sons of Rajadhideva were Datta, Atidatta, Sonasva, Svetavahana, Sami, Dandasarma, Dantasatru, Satrujit and the daughters Sravana and Sravistha. The descendants of Sami were Pratiksatra, Svayanbhoja and Bhadika. Bhadika had the sons Krtavarma, Satadhanva, Devanta, Naranta, Bhisag, Vaitarana, Sudanta, Atidanta, Nikasya and Kamadambhaka (16.5,6). The son of Devanta was Kambalabarhis and he had two sons, viz. Asamauja and Nasamauta. Asamauja gave his sons Sudamstra, Sucaru and Krsna to Ajatasatru (16.7,8). Devavrdha, another son of Satavan, practised severe penance on the bank of the river Parnasa. The river Paranasa took the form of a maiden and 17 AIHT, P. 103. 18 18 16.2-4, in mss. 'ka' and 'kha', Bhadika is called Hrdika.

1169 by her he had a son Babhru (15.30-44). Now let us go back a little and trace out the lineage of Andhaka, another son of Satvan. Andhaka married the daughter of Kasya and had four sons by her, viz. Kukura, Bhajamana, Sasaka and Balabarhis. The descendants of Kukura were Vrsti, Kapotaroma, Tiliri, Punarvasu and Abhijit. Abhijit had twins, viz. Ahuka and granuka.19 Ahuka married Kasya and had two sons by her, viz. Devaka and Ugradena. Devaka had four sons, viz. Devavan, Upadeva, Sandeva and Devaraksita and had seven daughters, viz., Devaki, Santideva, Sudeva, Devaraksita, Vrkadevi, Upadevi and Sunama and all of them were married to Vasudeva (15.55-58). Kansa, Nyagrodha, Sunama, Kanka, Subhusana, Rastrapala, Sutanu, Anavrsti, Pustiman, and five daughters, viz. Kamsa, Kansavati, Sutanu, Rastrapali and Kanka (15.59-61). For the chart see on the next page. Ugrasena had nine sons, viz. Now let us take Turvasu, the second son of Yayati. The descendants of Yayati were Vahni, Gobhanu, Aisanu, Karan- 20 dhana and Marutta. Marutta had no children. Her performed a great sacrifice and obtained a daughter Samyata and by way of Daksina, she was given to the sage Samvarta, When due to the 15.45-47. The descendants from Kukura to the twins of Abhijit are missing in ms. 'ga'. 19 20 13. 142,143. The whole Turvasu genealogy is missing in the ms. 'kha'.

Krostu Manu Vivasvan Iia Ila Pururava Tyu Nahusa Rkmesu Prthurkma Yayati Vadu : Krostu Vrjinivan Svehi Usadgu Citraratha i Sasabindu Prthusrava Antara Suyajna Usat ; Sineyu Maruta Kambalabarhis 5 Rkmakavaca Parajit Jyamagha . x Saibya Vidarbha Palita Hari 1170

Vidarbha Kratha Kaisika Bhima Kunti Dhrsta Avanta Dasarha Visahara Vyona Jimuta Vikrti Bhimaratha Navaratha Dasaratha Sakuni Karambha Devarata Devaksatra Vrddhaksatra Madhu X 1171 VaidarbhI Aiksvaki Purudvan Satvan

} Bhajamana Banyakasrnjay I Satvan x Kausalya 1172 Devavrddha Andhaka Vrsni Paranasa '' Babhru I Parnasa Upabahyakasrnjayi Babhru Krimi Kramana Dhrsta Sura Puran jaya. Ayuta Viduratha Rajadhideva Datta Atidatta Sone - Svetasva Sahas- Sata- Dasa jit rajit jit ka Sami vahana N Danda- Danta- Satru sarma Satru -jit Pratiksatra : Svayambhoja Sravana Bhadika Daughters Sravistha 18 Krta- Sata- Devanta Naranvarma dhanBhis- Vaita- Sudan- Atita ug rana Nika Kama ta danta sya dambhaka va Kambalabarhis Asamanja Sudamstra Nasamauja Sucaru Krsna. 1

I Satvan x Kausalya Bhajamana Devavrddha Ahuka * Kasya Devaka Andhaka daughter of Kasya Kukura Bhajamana Vrsti Kapotaroma Tilirl Punarvasu Abhijit Srahuka Sasaka Devavan Upadeva Sandeva Devaraksita 1173 Vrsni Balabarhis Daughters of Devaka Devaki Santideva sudeva Devarak Vrka- Upa- Sunama sita devi devi x Vasudeva : Ugrasena Kamsa Nyagro Sunama Kanka Subhudha Rastra- Suta- Anavr- Pusti sana pala nu sti man Kamsa Kamsavati Daughters of Ugrasena : Sutanu Rastrapali Kanka.

1174 curse of his father Yayati, he did not get any son, he adopted Dusyanta from the descendants of Puru, his brother. Thus the descendants of Turvasu followed now the Paurava line (13.146). The descendants of Dusyanta were Karuroma and Ahrida. Ahrida had four sons, viz. Pandya, Kerala, Kala and Here the Brahma-Purana ends as regards the descendants of Turvasu (13.147,148). Cola. 1 Druhyu, the third son of Yadu, had a son Babhru- 21 setu. His son Angarasetu was called the lord of Maruts and he was killed in war by the son of Yuvenasva. The son of Angarasetu was Gandhara and after him, the country Gandhara took its name The genealogy of Druhyu stops here (13.149- 153). Anu the fourth son of Yadu, had the descendants (13.151,152) Dharma, Dyuta, 22 Vanaduha, Pracetas and Sucetas. Pargiter 23 believes that the descendants of Anu mentioned here are really speaking the descendants of Druhyu following Gandhara from where the Brahma-Purana stops describing the Druhyu genealogy and that the Brahma-Purana wrongly assigns the successors after Gandhara to Anu. According to him, the Harivansa also commits the same mistake. 21 13.148, missing in the ms. 'kha('. 24 22 13.152, according to the ms. 'kha' it is Dhrta and it adds Satadruha as the son of Dhrta. 23 AIHT, P. 108 24 HV. 32, 1837-41.

Turvasu Druhyu Anu Manu Vivasvan I 15 Pururava Ayu Nahusa Yayati 1175 Yadu Turvasu Vahni _ _ Druhyu Anu Purn Babhrusetu Dharma Gobhenu Angarasetu Dyuta Aidan Aisanu Gandhara Vanaduha Karandhama Pracetas Marutta Sucetas : adopted Dusyante (of Paurava genealogy) Karuroma Ahrida daughter Samyata x Samvarta Pandya Kerala Kala Cola Now let us take Puru, the youngest son of Yayati, whose genealogy is the longest. The descendants of Puru were Suvira, Manasya, Abhagada, Sudhanva, Subahu, and Raudrasva. Raudrasva had ten sons, viz. Dasarneyu, krkaneyu, kakseyu, Sthandileyu, Sannatoyu, Rceyu, Jaleyu, Sthaleyu, Dhaneyu,

1176 Vaneyu, and ten daughters, viz. Bhadra, Sudra, Madra, Salada, Malada, Khalada, Nalada, Surasa, Gocapala, and Striratnakuta. All these were married to the sage Prabhakara, born in the Atri family. He saved the Sun from falling on earth when the Sun was distressed by Rahu. He made the family of Atri the highest among all the families. By the ten daughters of Raudrasva, he obtained ten sons who became well-known as Svastyatreyas and he begot Soma in one of his queens, viz. Bhadra (13.8-14). ise Out of the ten sons of Raudrasva; only two, viz. Kakseyu and Ryu, are important. Kakseyu had three sons, Sabhanara, Caksusa and Paramanyu (13.14). Pargiter 25 believes that the descendants of Kakseyu mentioned in the Brahma Purana really belongs to Anu's lineage and that the BrahmaPurana is wrong in assigning them to Kakseyu. The descendants of Sabhanara, the son of Kakseyu, were Kalanala, Srnjaya, Puranjaya, Janamejaya, Mahasala and Mahamana, Mahamana had two sons Usinara and Titiksu. Usinara had five wives, viz. Nrga, Krmi, Nava, Darva and Drsadvati. Nrga gave birth to Nrga, Krmi to Krmi, Nava to Nava, the king of Navarastra; Darva to Suvrata and Dasadvat to Sibi ausinara. Nga obtained the region of Yaudheyas, Nava the Navarastra, Krmi the city Krmila, Suvrata the region Ambastha, and Sibi gave birth to 25 AIHT, P.108.

1177 four sons, viz. Vrsadarbha, Suvira, Kekaya and Madraka. Janapadas were known after their names (13.14-26). Their The descendants of Titiksu, another son of Mahamana, were Usadratha, Phena, Sutapa, Bali (13.31,32). Bali was The born with a golden armour and was a great yogin and he had five sons, viz. Anga, Varga, Suhma, Pundra and Kalinga. descendants of Anga were Dadhivahana, Diviratha, Dharmaratha, Citraratha, and Dasaratha. had a daughter Santa. He was also known as Lomapada and He had also a son Caturanga by the grace of the sage Reyasiga. The descendants of Caturanga were Prthulaksa and Campa after whose name the city Malini, was known as Campa. The descendants of Campa were Haryanga, Vaibhandaki, Bhadraratha, Brhatkarma, Brhaddarbha, Brhanmana, Jayadratha, Drdharatha, Janamejaya, Vaikarna and Vikarna. Vikarna had hundred sons (13.38-49). Let us now see the descendants of Rceyu another son of Raudrasva. The son of Reeyu was Matinara. Matinara had three sons Vasurodha, Pratiratha, Subahu and Il 5. She was a Brahmavadini and was married to Tamsu. They had a son Dharmanetra and he was married to Upadanavi and they had four sons Dusyanta, Sumanta, Pravira and Anagha. Dusyanta was married to sakuntala and they had a son Bharata also called Sarvadamana after whom the Bharatas took their names. As his mother was angry with Bharata, all his sons were destroyed.

1178 The sage Bharadvaja performed sacrifices for him and a son Vibatha was born to him. Vitatha had five sons, Suhotra, Suhotara, Gaya, Garga and Kapila. Suhotra had three sons, Kasika and Grtsamati (13.62,63) and Brhat (13.63). The sons of Grtsamati were brahmins, ksatriyas and vaisyas. The descendants of Kasika were Kaseya, Dirghatapa, Dhanvantari, Ketuman, Bhimaratha, Divodasa, and Pratardana (13.80). Pratardana had two sons, Vatsa and Bhargava (13.64-68). Pargiter believes that the assigning of the Kasi dynasty to Suhotra is wrong because Divodasa and Pratardana of this dynasty were contemporaries of the Haihaya kings and lived anterior to Vitatha and Suhotra of the Paurava line.26 According to him the origin of Kasi dynasty belongs to ksatravrddha or VrddhaSarma, the grandson of Pururava, the account of which is also provided by the Brahma Purana (11.32-61). Whose another son of Suhotra, had three sons, Brhat, viz. Ajamidha, Dvimidha and Purumidha. Ajamidha had three wives: Nili, Kesini and Dhumini By Kesini (13.80-92) Ajamidha had Jahnu and he married Kaveri, the daughter of Yuvanasva, and the descendants of Jahnu were Ajaka, Balakasim 26 AIHT, P.101.

1179 Kusika, Gadhi, Visvamitra, Astaka 27 and Lauhi. Susanti. By Nili, his another wife, Ajamidha had a son His descendants were Purujati and Bahyasva. Bahyasva had five sons, Mudgala, Srnjaya, Brhadisu, Yavinara, and Krmilasva. As five of them were enough to protect the Janapadas assigned to them, they were called Pancalas (Pancanam Alam) (13.92-97). The son of Mudgala was Maudgalya 28 and he married Indrasena and obtained Vadhvasra as a son. After that the Brahma Purana does not continue the line but starts with Srjaya without mentioning the origin of Srifjaya. According to Pargiter 29, the list of the Brahma Purana is incomplete and it misses the names of kings between Vadhvsra and Smnjaya. Thus the Brahma-Purana mentions that the descendants of Spnjaya were Pancajana, Somadatta, Sahadeva, Somaka, and Jantu. Jantu had hundred sons, the youngest of them being Prsat and the son 27 After Astaka the ms. 'ga' mentions that Reika and Satyavati had Jamadagni as their son, Whereas the sons of Visvamitra were Devarata and Kati after whom the Katyayanas take their names. The son of Salavati, was Hiranyaksa and that of Renuka, Renu. The families of Kausikas were Galavas,Maudgalyas, Panin,Babhrus, Dhyanajapyas, Parthivas, Devaratas, Salankayanas, Sausravas, Lohitas,Yamabhutas, Karusas, Saindhavayanas and that among the sons of Visvamitra, Sunahsepa was the eldest and again Astaka is mentioned as the son of Visvamitra. After Maudgalya, the ms.'ka' mentions the descendants as Satyadhrti, his semen fell into a nymph and the king Santanu was born and from him Krpa and KrpI were born. Then it mentions the descendants of Divodasa as Mitrayu and thus the ms. 'ka' 28 fills in the gap between Vadhvasra and Srnjaya, mentioned by Pargiter, Divodasa being the son of Vadhvasra and Srija being the son of Soma according to him. 29 AIHT, P.115.

1 1180 of Prsat was Drupada (13.98-101). By his third wife Dhumini, Ajamidha had the son Rksa. The descendants of Rksa were Samvarana and Kuru. Kuru constructed Kuruksetra and his descendants were called Kauravas. Kuru had four sons, Viz. Sudhanva, Sudhanu, Pariksit and Arimejaya (13.102-108). Srutasena, Agrasena, and Bhimasena and the descendants of Janamejaya 30 were Suratha, Viduratha, Rksa, Bhimasena and Pratipa (13.109-112). The Brahma-Purana states that in the Somavamsa there are two Rksas, two pariksitas, three Bhimasenas and two Janmejayas (13.112,113). Pratips had three sons Santanu, Devapi and Bahlika. Santanu had a son Devavrata by Ganga who became well-known as Bhisma. By Kali, he had a son Vicitravirya. The wives of Vicitravirya begot Dhrtarastra, Pandu and Vidura by Krsnadvaipayana. Dhrtarastra married Gandhari and had hundred sons. Among them Duryodhana was the eldest. Dhananjaya was the son of Pandu and his son was Sudhanva had four sons, viz.Janamejaya, He 30 Before mentioning the descendants of Pariksit, the ms. 'kha' adds that the descendants of Sudhanva, the brother of Pariksit, were Suhotra, Cyavana, Caidyoparivara. married Girika and had seven sons, Brhadratha, Pratyagratha, Kratha, Sakala, Yadu, Matsya and Kalf. The son of Brhadratha was Kusagra and the name of his son was Rsabha, and then it mentions Suratha as the son of Jahnu.

1181 Saubhadra Abhimanyu. His descendants were Pariksit and Janamejaya and Janamejaya had two sons Candrapida and Suryapida. Candrapida had hundred sons the eldest among whom was Satyakarna. The son of Satyakarna was Svetakarna and he married Malini, the daughter of Sucaru. As Svetakarna had no son, he entered forest. After that his wife found that she was pregnant but she followed her husband and on her way she gave birth to a child leaving whom she went after her husband. The child was brought by two sons of Sravistha and as his back part was black, he was known as Ajaparsva. As he was brought up by Remaka's wife, he was also known as Remaka's son. (13.137). For the chart see on the next page. Bahlikam, the brother of Santanu, had a son Somadatta and he had three sons Bhuri, Bhurisrava and Sala (13.115,116). Now let us go back a little and find out the condition of Anena, brother of Nahusa and one of the sons of Ayu. The descendants of Anena were Pratiksatra, Sanjaya, Jaya, Vijaya, Krti, Haryatvata, Sahadeva, Nadina, Jayatsena, Samkrti, Ksatravrddha, and Sunahotra (11.27-32). Sunahotra had three sons, Kasa, Sala, and Grtsamada (11.32,33). Pargiter 31 thinks that the Brahma Purana is wrong in ascribing the descendants of Ksatravrddha to the lineage of Anena because, according to him the descendants of Ksatravrddha mentioned here really belong not to Ksatravrddha, the son of Samkrti, but to Ksatravrddha, the son of Ayu, known in the Brahma-Purana as Vrddhasarma (11.2). The descendants of 31 AIHT, P.101.

Puru } Manu Vivasvan Ila Pururava Angl Ayu Nahusa Yayati Yadu Turvasu Druhyu Anu Puru Savira Manasyu Abhyayada Sudhanva ..Subahu Raudrasva Dasarneyu Krkaneyu Kakseyu yu Sthandi- Sannate- Raceyu Jaleyu Sthale- Dhane leyu Vaneyu yu yu Daughters. Bhadra Sudra Madra Salada Malada Khalada Nalada Surasa Joca Stripala ratnaketo X Prabhakara Atreya X > Ten sons called Svastyatreyas 1182

Usinara Part I Raudrasva Kakseya Sthanara Caksusa Paramanyu Kalanala Srnjaya Puranjaya Janamejaya Mahasala Mahamana Nrga Krmi Nrga Krmi Nava Darva Drsadvati Nava Suvita Sibi Vrsadarbha Suvira Kekaya Madraka Anga Titiksu Usadratha Phena Sutapa Bali Vanga Suhma Pundra Kalinga Dadhivahana 1183

Diviratha Part I (Contd.) Dadhivahana Santa : Dharmaratha Citraratha Dasaratha = Lomapada Caturanga Prthulaksa Campa Haryanga Vaibhandaki Bhadraratha Brhatkarma Brhaddarbha Brhanmana Jayadratha Drdharatha Janamejaya Vaikarna Vikarna 100 sons Youngest Prsat Drupada 1184

n Part II Raudrasva Rceyu Matinara Vasurodha Prati- Subahu ratha Ila x Tamsu Dharmanetra x Upadanavi Dusyanta Sumanta Pravira Anagha . X Sakuntala Bharata Vitatpa Sahastra Suhota Gaya Garga Kapila Kasika Grtsamati Brhat Kaseya Dirghatapa Ajamidha I Dvimidha Purumidha Dhanvantari Nili Kesini Dhumini Ketuman Susanti Bhimaratha Purujit Jahnu x Kaveri Samvarana Ajaka Kuru Bahasva Bahya's 'va 1185

Part II (Contd.) Bhimaratha Bahyasva Ajaka Divodasa f 1 1 Pratardana Vatsa Bhargava • Balakasva Kusika C Gadhi Visvamitra Astaka Lauhi Brhadisu Yavinara Krmilasva Mudgala Srijaya Maudgalya K Indrasena Vadhvasra Srnjaya Pancajana i Somadatta i Sahadeva Somaka Jantu 1186

Part III Kuru Sudhanva Sudhanu Pariksit Arimejaya Janamejaya Srautasena Pariksit Suratha Viduratha Santanu ✗ Rksa BhimasenaPratipa By Krsna Dvaipayana 'Kali Ganga Vicitravirya Dhrtarastra Devavrata Arimejaya Devapi Bahlika Somadatta Pandu Vidura ✗ Gandhari Arjuna x Subhadra 100 sons Abhimanyu eldest Duryodhan Bhuri Bhurisrava Sala 1187 411

° Part III (Contd. Abhimanyu Pariksit Janamejaya Candrapida Suryapida 100 sons, the eldest being Satyakarna Svetakarna ✗ Malini (daughter of Sucaru) Ajaparsva. 1188

1189 Grtsmada were Sunaka and Saunaka. The descendants of gala were Arttisena and Kasyapa. The descendants of Kasa were Kasipu, Dirghatapas, Dhanu, Dhanvantari, Ketuman, Bhimaratha, Dividasa (11.32-40). The city Varanasi remained desolate for a thousand years by the curse of the sage Nikumbha and the demon Ksemaka had left it desolate. The city was in possession of a king Bhadrasrenya. Divodasa killed hundred sons of Bhadrasrenya and reestablished the city Varanasi but he left Durdama, the son of Bhadrasrenya (of Haihaya genealogy) thinking him to be a child. But Durdama defeated Divodasa and regained his kingdom. Divodasa married Drsadvati and had a son Pratardana. Pratardana had two sons, viz. Vatsa and Bharga. The descendants of Vatsa were Alarka, Sannati, Sunitha, Ksema, Ketuman, Suketu, Dharmaketu, Satyaketu, Vibhu, Anarta, Sukumara, Dhrstaketu, Venuhotra, Bharga (11.40-60). The account of the descendants from Kas down to Satyaketu given here as the descendants of Anena is again repeated in the list of descendants of Suhotra, a descendant of Rceyu, son of Raudrasva of Paurava genealogy (13.64-80). There the descendants of Alarka are mentioned as Ksemaka, Varsaketu, Vibhu, Anarta, Sukumara, Satyaketu and Mahateja. Pargiter believes that the Kadi dynasty really belongs to Ksatravrddha the son of Ayu.32 1 But the BrahmaPurana gives it as the descendants of Ksatravrddha, the son of Samkrti, belonging to the lineage of Anena, another son of Ayu (11.32) and the Brahma-Purana does not mention Ksatravrddha as AIHT, P.101. 32

1190 the son of Ayu but calls him Vrddhasarma (11.2). It should be admitted that there does 63 seem here a confusion, the lineage of Kasi being repeated and descending through two different origins. For table refer to Pages 1192 ft. Uptil now we traced the descendants of Alu, the eldest Now let us examine the lineage of Amavasu, son of Pururava. another son of Pururava. Jahnu The descendants of Amavasu (10.13 fr.), the son of Pururava, were Bhima, Kancanaprabha, Suhotra and Jahnu. married Kaveri, the daughter of the king Yuvanasva and had a son Sunadya by her. The descendants of Sunadya were Ajaka, Balakasva and Kusa. Kusa had four sons, viz. Kusika, Kusanabha, Kusamba and Murtiman. Kusika practised severe penance with a view to get Indra as his son, and eventually Indra was born to him in the form of Gadhi. Gadhi married Paura and had a daughter Satyavati. Satyavati was given in marriage to Reika, the son of Sukracarya. RcIka prepared two carus, one for his wife and another for his mother-in-law with an intention that his wife might give birth to a lustrous brahmin, and his mother-in-law might give birth to a mighty ksatriya but unfortunately the carus were interchanged and Paura gave birth to Visvamitra. As Satyavati requested her husband to transfer the power of caru now obtained by her to that of her grandson, she gave birth to the sage Jamadagni who later on gave

1191 birth to the mighty hero Parasurama. Besides Jamadagni, Reika and Satyavati had other two sons, viz. Sunahsepa and Sunahpuccha. The sons of Visvamitra are well-known. They were Devarata, Kati, after whom the Katyayanas took their name, Hiranyaksa by Salavati, Renuka by Renu, Samkrti, Galava, Mudgala, Madhucchanda, Jaya, Devala, Astaka, Kacchapa and Harita. The gotras of Kausikas were known as Panin, Babhru, Dhyanajapya, Parthiva, Devarata, Salankayana, Baskala, Lohita, Yamaduta, and Karusaka. Again it is said that Sunahsepa was the oldest among the sons of Reika and as he was given by the gods for the performance of the sacrifice, he was called Devarata. The son of Astaka was. Lauhi (10.23-68). Here, i.e. in the adh. 10.12-15, the Brahma Purana states Jahnu as descending from Suhotra, a descendant of Amavasu, but in adh. 13.80-91, the Brahma Purana states Jahnu to descend from Ajanidha, son of Suhotra, a descendant of Reeyu of Paurava genealogy According to Pargiter 33, the derivation of the genealogy of Jahri from Ajamidha is wrong because Ajamidha was the successor of Bharata by some six or seven steps and Visvamitra was a descendant of Jahnu by some six or eight steps, and must, ir Jahnu was son of Ajamidha, have been some fifteen generations below Eharata; but it is well-known that Bharata was son of king Dusyante and Sakuntala (13.57) who was a daughter of Visvamitra; 2 so that Visvamitra was an ancestor of 33 AIHT, P. 99,100.

1192 Bharata. Visvamitra cannot have been both an ancestor and a descendant of Bharata. The story of Sakuntala is one of the best alleged tales in ancient tradition, so that Visvamitra was certainly prior to Bharata and therefore to Ajamidha, and the versions which make his ancestor Jahnu, son of AjamIdha are certainly wrong. 34 Anena Manu Vivasvan Ila Pururava Ayu Anena daehaggyoyug Pratiksatra Sanjaya Jaye Vijaya Krti Haryatvata Sahadeva Nadina : Jayatsena Samirti Ksatravrddha Sunahotra 34 Pargiter, Op.Cit., P.100.

Sunahotra : Kasa Sala Grtsamada Kasipa Arstisena Sunaka Dirghatapas Kasyapa Dhanu Dhanvantari Ketuman Bhim Bhimaratha Divodasa x Drsadvati Pratardana Saunaka Vatsa Bharga Alarka Sannati Sunitha Ksema Ketuman Suketu Dharmaketu Satyaketu Vibhu Anarta Sukumara Dhrstaketu → Venuhotra -> Bharga F 1193

Amavasu 1194 Manu Vivasvan Ila Pururava Amavasu Bhima Kancanaprabha Suhotra Jahnu x Kaveri (daughter of Yuvanasva) Sunadya Ajaka Balakasve Kusa Kusika Kusanabha Gandhi x Paura Kusamba Murtiman Visvamitra ◉ Satyavati x Reika Jamadagni Parasurama Sunahsepa Sunahpuccha Devarata Salankayana Baskala Baskala Lohita Yamaduta Karusaka

1195 oen, In the light of modern rosearch it has boo:: straisod that the tall Batsasas vore noproes and pigay nigadas w wuro Negroites, Haryahadzapas (yellow een) and Daltyna vere Mongodoids Vaidya (Thracian Bespi), Venika (Paul = Pauls = Phoenicians) were Alpines. Anaves vore Pala-Alpinos. Gome of thoir tolbos vere Talugakas, Regns, Garpas, and Gandharvas. Noviy built Canoves (Danaol) were plans. Dose of their ipibus were ( arba (Cavaro Cabr), hign (on-nor), Samara (Cumori), Mazda Chirende), Cakao (Caroc), Tulhare (West) gm 1803 ( Gotol. Deabys and Acures wore Cordfos. 770815 A weiter W{1, Ikgraras wore Jolien an. dahi roonte (hidas) were tami Anyana, 21:04 Ictor with too kassitoo. Zurus wore unti (istito) Isaya (Dasa) were coito Pray 210, Pikowis the Make Arysts. *5% to Bahuanic clans, Sargavas were originally caspiana, tra priacts or is naves and argirseas wore Lixed algicos. Itseyes or piner, wile the Radkapas wongoloids, Voolglas were Archean Auchitteren wuro SOWALES 3620208* Aryons. 35 f. corplete chrzt of all the dynasties is given in the Appendix X. 05 shi bli For detaile vido Apare Kunded Col, A Liographical tion of Partido parsonages+