17. Materials to be employed

Elaborate provisions are made from ancient times about the substances and utensils proper for xxxx being used at staddha and about those that should not be used therein. The Brahma Purana remarks that following things should be offered to pitrs in sraddha, Yama, Vrihi, tila, masa, wheat, naka, mudga, syamaka, sarsapadrava, nivara, hasti, syamaka, 98 220.60,61; also cf. Vas.XI.27; Manu III.125,Baud.Dh.S. II.8.29, Maj. 1.228, Matsya 17.13-14, Visnu III.15.14, Padma (Srsti khanda), 9.98 & 141. 99 Kane, P.V., HDS., Vol.IV., P.403.

722 Priyangu, Prasanika, Satulika, amral mango), amrataka, bilva, pomegranate, bijapuraka, Pracinamalaka, ksira, cocoanut, narikela, Parusaka, Naranga, kharjara, draksa (grapes), nilakapitthaka, patola, priyala, karkandhu, vadara, vikantaka, vatsaka, kusta, kastvaruvaraka. 100 Elsewhere it is said that the pitrs should be offered food consisting of milk, alpasaka, Bahuphala, sadrasa, mixed with honey and ghee (219.65-68). Again it is said that the jaggery, sugar, Matsyandi, Urmura, phanita, cow's milk, curds, ghee, sesame oil, salt, salt from ocean or stream, fragrant materials, candana, agaru, kumkum, vegetables of all the seasons, tandulika, vastuka, mulaka and Aranyaka vegetables should be offered (220.159-161), Moreover, the Hinga, ugragandha, phanisa, Bhunimba, nimbarajika, kustumburu, kalingottha, dadima, Magadhi, nagarardra, tittidl, amrataka, jIvaka, tumburu, milk, salmali, mudga, modaka, panaka, rasala, and cow's milk should be offered in sraddha (220.178-182). the magha naksatra, milk mixed with ghee and honey was offered (220.113-117). The water mixed with sesame should be offered first to the pitrs and then to the gods (217.66- 79). n In To kill a animal for the performance of sraddha 100 Kane P.V., Ibid., P.412. 101 (220.154-158); cf. Sankha 14.22-23; Vayu 82-3; Visnu P. III. 16.5-6; Visnu Dh.S. 80.1, Brahmanda II.7.143-152, III.14.

723 was not considered to be a sin. Meat was offered in sraddha. The Brahma Purana102 states at length the periods of time for which gratified by the flesh of certain animals being served at a sraddha. 1 Thus the pitrs get satisfied for one month by Havisyanna, for two months by the flesh of mabsya, for three months by the flesh of deer, for four months by the flesh of a hare, for five months by that of a bird, for sixmonths by that of a sukray sukara, for seven months by that of a chagala, for eight months by that of Aineya, for nine months by that of Raru, for ten months by that of a cow, for eleven months by that of urabhra, and for one year by the milk of cow, meat of vadhrinasa, kalasaka, honey, meat of Rohita. The meat of deer and hare too were offered (7.50-51). Elsewhere it is said that the meat of chaga, vartika, Tittira, Sasaka, Sivala, avaka, rajiva, vadhrinasa, raktasiva, loha, salka, simhatunda, khanda, should be offered in sraddha. i It is also said that the good of gods consisted of slightly sweet, oily, salty and tasteful things (220.185-186). The following flowers were used in sraddha: Jati, campaka, Lodhra, Mallika, Bana, Baroari, Vrnta, Asoka, 102 (220.23-29), cf. also Manu III. 262-272, Vaj.1.258-260, Visnu Dh.S. 86.1, Anusasana Ch.88, Kurma II.20.40-42, 29,2-8, Vayu 83.3-9, Metsya 17.31-35, Visnu III.16.1- 3, Padma (srstikhanda 9.158-164), Visnudharmottara I.141.42-47. 4

724 " Atarusa, Tulasi, Tilaka, Satapatra, Sephalika, Kubjaka, Tagara, Aranyaketaki, Yuthika, Atimukta, Kamala, Kumuda, Padma, Pundarika, Indivara, Kokanada, Kalhara (220.162-168). The dhupa of Guggula, Candana and Agaru was offered to pitrs (220.167-168). The Brahma Purana mentions Kustha, Mamsi, Valaka, Kukkuti, Jatipatraka, Nalikosira, Granthiparni and SundarI as proper perfumed articles to be used at sraddhas (220.165-166).