Notes and References for chapter 4

Notes and References 'yasminna stah karmavipakau yata astam klesa yasmai nalamalanghya nikhilanam | navacchinnah kaladrsa yah kalayantya lokesastam kaitabhasatrum pranamami || (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 1) 'yah sarvavit sarvavibhutisaktih vihinadosopahitakriyaphalah | visvodbhavantasthitiheturiso namo'stu tasmai gurave gurorapi | | ( Ibid.) parinamatapasamskaraduhkhairgunavrttivirodhacca duhkhameva sarva vivekinah|| (Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.15) 4PYSBV , p.2. SIbid., p.3. Ibid., p.2. 'tasmat sasambandhaprayojanam yoganusasanam| (Ibid., p.2) 8Ibid., p.211. 'Ibid., p.211. "sariradi posanabhiratacittasya kayendriyamanahkhedapariharaparayanasyatyantasariradyatmatvadarsinah sukumaratarammanyasya na yogo sidhyatiti ... ( Ibid., p.123) 11. pradhanyena ' yogasadhanani ca yogadvarena samyagdarsanasadhananyeva | tani ca pradhanyenasminpade pratipadyanta iti sadhanapada ityucyate | tatha, yogasadhananusthanapravrttasyanusangikavibhuteh pratipadanadvibhutipada ityucyate trtiyah | tatha sakalayogaisvaryavibhutibhyo viraktasya sarvopasamharadvarena kaivalyasya pradhanyena pradarsanat kaivalyapada ityucyate caturthah | tatha, samadhih pradhanyenadavupakhyata iti prathamah samadhipada ityucyate || (Ibid, p.121) 247

12T.S. Rukmani, Yogasutrabhasyavivarana of Sankara, vol.1, p.205-6 13 yatha sisyo'nusisyate visistapravrttinivrttiniyamadvarena, visistasadhyasadhanatadanganiyamamatrasadrsyadantevasyanusasanavadyoganusasanamityucyate | tatha anusistiranusasanam, yogo'nusisyate'nenasminniti va yoganusasanam sastram| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.4) 14 yogah samadhanam| (Ibid., p.5) 15Ibid. 16 see the vivarana portions on Yogasutra of Patanjali Vyasa-bhashya, I.2. 17Ibid. 18 khyatyarthatvadyogasya | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.4) "Vyasa-bhashya, under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.25. 20 tasyatmanugrahabhave'pi tasyatmarthamavaptavyabhavat bhutanam cavidyapankanimagnanam samsarasagarottaranopayaplavopadesyantarasyabhavat tadanugrahah prayojanam | jnanadharmopadesena ye'nanyasaranastasmin sarvatmana niveditatmanastan kalpapralayamahapralayesu isvaragrhitagamajnanavisesesvacaryesu pralinesu punahpunarjatakarunyamrtah san uddharisyamiti pravartata iti vakyasesah || (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 73) 2' adau vidvan adividvan ... nirmanacittam samkalpamatranirmitam yogicittam avesagrahavadupadesanartham adhisthaya bhagavan ... paramarsirisvarah eva kapilanarayanadisamjnah asuraye provaceti || (Ibid.) 22 Supra., Chapter.II, fn.211. 23vBh.- portion is as follows - asuraye jijnasamanaya tantram provaceti || (Vyasa-bhashya, under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.25) The Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, is completely silent about Asuri while Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana just repeated some of the terms of Vyasa-bhashya ie, asuraye provaceti || (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 73). At the same time, in Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, it is said that - ... jijnasava asuraye tattvam provacetyarthah|| (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p. 81 ) 248

24. 'yatah pradhatte vikaraniti pradhanam | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.198) "na calingatparam suksmamasti | suksmam nama sthulakaryapeksaya karanam taccalingavasanam| na calingat pradhana (llinga ) danyatsuksmam karanamasti | (Ibid., p.112) 26 yadyapi pradhanasyopadeyasyapi sasvatatvam, tatha'pi vikaratmana tadasasvatameva | anekatmakatvamasucitvamavidyatvam pararthatvamityevamadayo dosah pradhane | ( Ibid., p. 171 ) 27. na hi purusasya pratyayakartrtvam smrtikartrtvam va | ( Ibid., p. 40 ) 28 Ibid., p.351. 29 'yatha nirguno niranjano niskala ityevamadinyapyudaharanani | atmavisayanekodaharanapradarsanamatmatattvanirdharanarthatvat | ( Ibid., p.37) 30 karyakarananam ca bhinnatvat purusanam nanatvam siddham | sukhaduhkhananatvacca purusabhedasiddhih (Ibid., p.194) 31. " drasta drsimatrah suddho'pi pratyayanupasyah | | (Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.20) 32 drsirdarsanamupalabdhistavanmatro drsimatrah | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.189) 33 visesanani dharmastairaparamrsta | (Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.212) 34Y.V., p.214. 35pYSBV., p.320. 36 na hi vyaparasunye kvacidapi silasabdah prayujyate | ... tasmanna svarupabhiprayena silasabdaprayogah | | (Ibid., p.176) 37. 'prakhya prakhyanam prakasanam sa hi satvagunasya dharmah | pravrttih pravartanam vyaparah, sa hi rajodharmah | ' sthitih sthanam varanam pratibandha iti, sa ca tamodharmah| (Ibid., p. 10) 38. 'Ibid., pp.184-85. 249

39 'tatrakasavayvagnijalabhumayo bhutani | sabdatanmatrarabdhamakasam | rupatanmatrena sabdasparsarupalaksanenarabdho'gnih | rasatanmatrena sabdasparsaruparasacatustayalaksanena''pa arabdhah | gandhatanmatrena sabdasparsaruparasagandhapancatayalaksanena bhumirarabdha | ( Ibid., p. 183) 40 Ibid., p.53. 41 ta eva klesadayah a nirvanaccherata iti klesakarmavipaka asayah | (Ibid.) 42 nityaniratisayasarvajnanaisvaryasaktisampattirutkarsah | (Ibid.) 43. tasmadyasya samyatisayaviprositamaisvaryam sa isvara iti pradhanapurusavyatiriktah purusavisesah isvarah siddhah | ( Ibid, p.57) " tena jagannirmanasthapanopasamharadikartrtvasiddhih | ( Ibid.) 45 Ibid., pp. 62, 74, 83, 123 4"sivanarayanadinamna ... (Ibid., p.62), ... narayanadinama (dinama )nanyacetobhih svahrdayenanisam dharayitavya iti | ( Ibid., p.75) 47 gurutvam hi navadhimat| (Ibid.) 48 Ibid., p.54. 49 'yatha anyesam gurunam yogadharmadisamanusthananimittatvat kalanavacchedyo vaimalyaprakarsah | (Ibid., p.75) ¨ visuddhasattvapranitatvaddhi sastrasya pramanyam, yatha manvadinam| (Ibid., p.54) 51. "tato yuktastatparikarmane sastropadesah | ( Ibid., p. 85) 52Ibid., p.55. 53 srutismrtitihasapuranani sastram | (Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.68), sastram srutismrtitihasapuranani | (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.73) 54 vedetihasapuranayogadharmasastradyagamatah ... | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 73) 250

55 Ibid., p.126. 56 ¨ klesanam ya vrttayah sthulastah kriyayogena tapassvadhyayesvarapranidhanakhyena sthulapratipaksena tanukrtah purvam| tata idanim tanukaranaddbijasaktyavasthah prasamkhyanena samyagdarsanasilato naipunavisesena dhyanena mahata baliyasa pratipaksena hatavyah, tato'pi yavatsuksmikrtah | (Ibid., p.143) 57 'anitye karye nityakhyatih nityamiti viparyayabuddhih ... I, ... asucau (kvacidvi ) suciviparyasa iti | tatra sarvasmin samsare duhkhe sukhakhyatiravidya | ... anatmanyatmakhyatiriti | (Ibid., p.133-34) 58 ... asmibhavo'smita asmiti pratyayah ... ( Ibid., p. 184) 59. "drk darsanam upalabdhih purusah sa eva saktih | drsyate'neneti darsanam saiva saktih antahkaranadhyavasayasvarupa | tayoh drgdarsanasaktyoh upalabdhyadhyavasayasvarupayoh ekatmateva ekascasavatma ca tasya bhava ekatmata | ( Ibid., p. 137-38) 6º Ibid., p.139. "ragastu lobha eva| (Ibid., p.144) 2 dvesastu krodhah| (Ibid.) "abhiniveso vimoha evantarbhavati | ( Ibid.) 64Ibid., p.141. 65 yatha cayamatyantamudhesu drsyate krmiprabhrtisu klesastatha viduso'pi vijnatapurvaparantikasyapi purvantikam bandhah aparantikam muktih | ( Ibid.) 66 Ibid., p.17. " tvaritam nimittamadaya phalapradam sopakramam ucyate | yattu mandaprasaram cirena phalam dasyati tat nirupakramam| (Ibid., p.282) 68 Ibid., p.146. 69 Ibid., pp.143-66. 251

70VBh. under Yogasutra of Patanjali, IV.7. 71PYSBV , pp.322-25. 712 api cavidusa eva sarvam karma | vidusah karmanutpatteh | vidvan hi purusah svarupavasthanavyatirekena phalam nabhimanyate | svarupamatravasthanam ca samastavyaparaviramena pravartate | na caivam vidusah kriyanusthanam ghatate| (Ibid., p.324) 73... vasana'bhidhanah paridrstah aparidrstasca smrtiklesahetavah | (Ibid., p.278) 74Ibid., p.18. 75 evameta vasana duravahana avihaniyah | ( Ibid, p. 329), anadirudhatvat na nivrttirasam ghatamadhaukate| (Ibid., p. 331) 76Ibid., pp.70-71. "samsarinam tato nikrstatva-davidyadi-malenaisvarya-sakti-jnanadina-mindriya-sahakaritva-peksitva- mantahkaranasya | ( Ibid., p. 71) 78 Ibid., p.57. 79 80 'tatra vibhutvat ... (Ibid., p.320) ... bhavatyekagram purusaprayasabhavyatvarham ... | (Ibid., p. 85) 81 na hi khalu paracittavividisayam parasyavidyatvam| na hi khalu paracittapratyayam grhnan parakiyavidyapratyayarupalambanadosena svayamavidyavan bhavati | ( Ibid., p. 47 ) 82 ekamano'vartini samanaskanyevaparani sarirani ... | (Sankara-bhashya under Brahmasutra IV.4.15) 83. lolibhutasya ghantabhighatatulyasya dedipyamanangararasidyuticancalasya manasah ... (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.293) 84Y.S., IV.19. 252

85 tatra cittam trigunamiti vyakhyayate prakhyapravrttisthitisilatvaditi hetuh | ... trayanam gunanam parinamascittam bhavitumarhati | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 10) 86Supra., Chapter.IV, p.157. 87 cittendriyabhave ca mrtadesiyah kayo nirarthakah syat | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 320) 88 ksiptamanistavisayasanjanena stimitam | mudham nirvivekam | viksipatam nanaksiptam | ... ekagram tulyapratyayapravaham| niruddhamiti pratyayasunyam cittam || (Ibid., p. 5) 89 "yogascittavrttinirodhah | | (Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.1) 90 91 ' see Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.3-9. 'see. Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.33. 92Ibid., p.18. 93 94. 3...ksirakumbhapraksiptambubinduvat ... ( Ibid.) khalu salagrame kiratasatasamkirne prativasannapi brahmanah kirato bhavati | (Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.5) 95. evam vrttisamskaracakramanisamavartate | (Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.5) "gunadosajnanapeksatvannirodham prati purusapravrtteh | pramanameva hi gunadosajnanam| na hyapramanena viparyayasya dustatvam gamyate, nirodhatatphalasadhanani va jnayante | tasmat pramanavrttereva prathamyam yuktam| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.33) 97. " indriyapranalikaya cittasya bahyavastuparagattadvisaya samanyavisesatmano'rthasya visesavadharanapradhana vrttih pratyaksam pramanam | (Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, 1.7) 98. indriyameva pranadikadvaram sabdadyakaravrttirupena parinamamanasya cittasya | atastat tenendriyadvarena samanyavisesatmakavastuparage'pi visesavadharanapradhana saiva pratyaksam pramanam | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.19) 253

99 "anumeyasya tulyajatiyesvanuvrtto bhinnajatiyebhyo vyavrttah vyavrttah sambandho yah tadvisaya samanyavadharanapradhana vrttiranumanam | (Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I. 7) 100 'anumeyasya (jijnasita )dharmavisistasya | taddharmavattaya tulyajatiyesvanuvrttah sadbhavamatrena, ( bhinnajatiyebhyah ) tadviruddhadharmakebhyo vyavrttah - tesvasan ityarthah | sambandha iti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.25) 101 aptena drsto'numito va'rthah paratra svabodhasamkrantaye sabdenopadisyate, sabdattadarthavisaya vrttih sroturagamah | (Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.7) 102 aptah paranujighrksaprayukto dosarahito drstanumitarthah | tena drsto va anumito varthah paratra srotrvisese svabodhasamkrantaye svadhigamasamkramanaya sabdena sabda iti vakyam tato visistarthapratipatteh | tasmattadupadistadvakyat| (tadarthavisaya ) vakyarthavisaya ya cittavrttih sa anumanavadeva samanyavadharanapradhana | itthamaptyadidharmagrahanapurvika sroturagamah ... | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.30) 10 viparyayo mithyajnanamatadrupapratistham|| (Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.8) 'tanmulatvacca vrttyantaranam tannirodhapurvamevanyanirodhopapatteh | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.33) 105 In Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, it is said that, viparyaya iti laksyanirdesah | mithyajnanamityadi laksanam | ; In Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, viparyaya iti laksyanirdeso mithyajnanamiti laksanam | mithyetyasya vivaranamatadrupapratisthamiti | But at the same time, in Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana viparyayo mithyajnanamiti paryayakathanam | atadrupapratisthamiti laksanoktih | | ( under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.8) 106pYSBV., p.33. 107. 108 109 'yathabhutarthavyatirekena hi vikalpanam vikalpah | (Ibid., p.35) sa nidra susuptavastha | ( Ibid., p.38) 'under Vyasa-bhashya, on Yogasutra of Patanjali, 1.10. 110Y.S., I.38. 254

11 na hi svapnasyabhavapratyayalambanata, smrtitvat | smrtescanubhutavisayatvat | tatha bhasyakarah- " svapne bhavitasmartavya " iti smrtitvam darsayati || (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.38) 112 113 'anubhutavisayasampramosah smrtih | | (Yogasutra of Patanjali, I. 11) 'anubhutavisayasampramoso'napaharanamatirobhavah | paroksye'pi sadrsyadi nimittapeksaya'nubhutasya visayasya drsyamanavadavabhasah smrtih | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.39) 114 "smrteh pramanadisarvavrttikaryatvadante nivesah | (Ibid.) 115 cittam viksipanti visayesviti cittaviksepah | ( Ibid., p. 82) 116. ● athaisamabhave vyadhiprabhrtinamabhave sahayabalabhavanna bhavanti purvoktah pramanadayascittavrttayah | tadbhavabhavitvattulyapratyanika vrttiviksepa ityuktam bhavati | (Ibid.) 117. 'antaram vivaram vicchedam kurvanta ayantityantarayah viksepah, pratipaksah yogaprapterupasargah | (Ibid.) 118 vyadhistyanasamsayapramadalasyaviratibhrantidarsanalabdhabhumikatvanavasthitatvani cittaviksepaste'ntarayah | | (Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.30) 119 'see, Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p. 90; Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.81 and Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.91. 120 'vyadhih dhaturasakaranavaisamyam| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.81) 'styanamakarmanyata cittasya stimitam | (Ibid.) 122 2 akarmanyata yoganusthanaksamata, amavatadina dehasyakarmanyatve'pi cittasya yogavirodhaccittasyetyuktam| (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.91) 123 " samsayah sthanurva puruso veti viruddhobhayakotisprk pratyayah | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.81) 124 'pramadah samadhisadhananamabhavanamasilanam| (Ibid.) 125T.V., p.90. 126 alasyam kayasya cittasya ca gurutvadapravartanam | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 81 ) 255

127 aviratiscittasya visayasamprayogasvabhavo visayasamprayoganimitto va garddhah abhikanksa trsna | (Ibid.) 128. bhrantidarsanam viparyayajnanam yogasadhanesu tanmarge va viparitavrttih | (Ibid, p. 82 ) 129 Ibid. 130 anavasthitayamapi samadhibhumau tatah kathamapi pracalitasya cittasya punastatravasthitatvameva syattadalabhastvanavasthitatvamucyate| (Ibid.) 131. "duhkham yenabhihatah praninastadapaghataya prayatante cestante | (Ibid.) 132 adhi atmanityadhyatmam, tatra bhavamadhyatmikam | tacca sariram manasam ca | sariram dhatuvaisamyadinimittam | manasamistavighatadihetukam | ( Ibid.) 133 adhi bhutesvityadhibhutam, tatra bhavamadhibhautikam | tacca pasumrgadyupanipatitam| (Ibid.) 134T.V., p.91, Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.92. 135 adhi devesvityadhidevam, tatra bhavamadhidaivikam | ... taccapi vatavarsadinimittam| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.82) 136T.V., p.91. 137 daurmanasyamicchavighataccetasah ksobhah akulibhavah sancalanam| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 83) 138yadanganyejayati kampayati tadangamejayatvam| (Vyasa-bhashya, under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.31) 139. " yadbahyam vayumacamati bahyavayorakarsanabahulakam [ lyam ] niskramanamandata ca tadviparitavyaparah prasvasah ... (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 83) 140 141 ' see V. Bh., & Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.16-26. 'duhkham yenabhihatah praninastadapaghataya prayatante cestante| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.82) svasah | 256

42 tasmadyadevanagatam prayanantarabhavijanmaduhkhalaksanam duhkham tadevaksipatrakalpam yoginam klisnatiti tadeva heyam samyagdarsanena haniyamucyate | bhavisyajjanmabhavayaiva yatitavyam | na vartamanaduhkhanirodhaya | (Ibid., p.171) 143. tathehapi purusah satvadvarena kantakasthaniyam pradhanam, tayorvisistah samyogo'vidyanimitto duhkhakaranam ...| (Ibid., p.174) 144 ... duhkhapariharo'pyayam- gunagaunebhyah pradhanamatravisesebhyo drsyebhyo nirapeksata, samyagdarsanena prayojanabhavam buddhva purusasyavikriyatvat kantakadhisthanavaccharirarambhino va karmano niyatavedaniyatvadavasyam phaladayitvam buddhva aprarthitopanatanam sabdadinam samyagdarsanavyavahitena satvena bhogah | (Ibid.) 145 Ibid., p.50. 146 Ibid., p.51. 147Y.S., I.22. 148 yatha loke drutataram simantam pari (prati ) dhavatametatphalam bhavatiti tadvat | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.52) 149sbid., p.146. 150Ibid., pp.307-08. 151y.S., I.29. 152 ye tavadantaraya vyadhiprabhrtayah, te tavadisvarapranidhananna bhavanti| (Vyasa-bhashya, under Yogasutra of Patanjali, 1.29) 153Y.S., I.33-39. 154 anekopayapradarsanam kasyacit kvacit sukaratabhiprayena | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 92) 155 Ibid., p.91. 156 ' tasmadittham samahitacittasya maitrikarunadyekatatvalambanam cittam silayatah pragabhihita antaraya na janisyante | (Ibid, p. 92) 257

157. "pracchardanam kausthasya vayoratamitorudvamanam nasikabhyam, na mukhena | vidharanam pranayama atamitoreva | yadyapi pracchardanenapi pranah ayamyate, tathapi bahirvrttirna nirudhyata iti vidharanam pranayama iti visesyate | (Ibid.) 158 "jyotiryasyam vidyate pravrttau sa jyotismati | sa ca sokam vyapagamayatiti visoka nama | (Ibid., p.94) 159 'tat vitaragapratyayalambanoparaktam cittam tadvadeva vitaragam prasannataram sthitipadam labhate | (Ibid., p.96) 160 svapnajnanalambanam va nidrajnanalambanam va cittam tadakarameva bhavati | evam svabhavam hi cittam yadalambate tadakaram bhavati | svapne ca sabdadivisayasunyam jnanam | jnanasyapi svabhavo'vabhasakata | tatrapi jnanasvarupamevalambate | na tu smaryamanavisayasvarupam| smaryamanenapi visayena khalikaro drsyate| nidrajnanam tu visesagrahanatmakamabhavapratyayalambanam santamanantamanubhuyamanacalanadharmakam| tatasca tadalambanam saccittam sthitipadam labhata iti yuktam | (Ibid.) 161 see Vivarana on Y.S.Vyasa-bhashya, I.40. 162 abhyasavairagyayorvisayavivekapradarsanarthametadbhasyam| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.42) 163 asamsayam mahabaho mano durnigraham calam | abhyasena tu kaunteya vairagyena ca grhyate | | (Bhagavadgita, VI.35) 164_ " evam ubhayadhinah ubhayatantra ityarthah | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.42) 165 abhyasavairagye muktva na hi paramesvarapranidhayinyah [bhyah ] prabhavo bhavatiti gamyate| (Ibid., p. 83) 166 Ibid., p.42. 167Y.S. reads as- tatra sthitau yatno'bhyasah || (I.13), Vyasa-bhashya is- prayatnah viryam - utsahah |, and Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana is-yatno viryamabhyutsahah ... 168pYSBV., p.43. 258

169 "... vairagyadvayam paraparatvena vyakhyatam | abhyasasyapi dvitvam samarthyadavasiyate | ( Ibid., p. 46) 17°Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.48; Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.42; Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.48. 171y.S., 1.13. 172pYSBV., p.85. 173 striyo'nnam panamaisvaryamiti vyaktyapeksaya | sabdadinamanantye'pi ragaprabalatvametesvatitaramiti stryadigrahanam pradhanyat | ( Ibid., p. 44 ) 174 14 anusraviko nama agamika iha | sa ca svargadipraptyanubhavaniyah prakrtilayagatabhogyo vaidehyapraptau upabhogyasca | (Ibid.) 175T.V., p.50 & Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.51. 176pYSBV., p.44. 177 purvastu drstanusravikavisayebhyo viraktah | esa tatkaranebhyo gunebhya eva | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 45) 178 etasya hi nantariyakam kaivalyam tatah param sadhananapeksatvat | vairagyasya jnanaprasadamatratve jnanavairagyayorananyatvat tadviparitayosca ragajnanayoranarthantaratvameva siddham| (Ibid., pp. 45-46) 179 " agamenanumanena dhyanabhyasarasena ca | tridha prakalpayan prajnam labhate yogamuttamam || (quoted in Vyasa-bhashya on Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.48) 180 ¨ yogangaprajnam tridha vibhajate | tatraiko bhagah sastracaryopadistarthanusari | dvitiyastasyaiva yuktyanumanena vicaryagamarthavirodhinirakaranapurvakam tatsamyagupapadanaparah | trtiyastu sadagamanumanasamyagupapannarthalambanasya pratyayasyanusilanam rasopayogi| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.114) 181 ... tapasca svadhyayascesvarapranidhanasca tapassvadhyayesvarapranidhanani | tanyeva kriyarupo yogah kriyayogah| tapaadikriya ca yogarthatvadyoga ityucyate | (Ibid., p.123) 182. 'tapa iti krcchracandrayanadi, sitosnadidvandvasahatvam| (Ibid.) 183. 'svadhyayah pranavasya moksasastranam copanisatprabhrtinam pavitranam japah | ( Ibid.) 259

184 "isvarapranidhanam kriyanam paramaguravisvare samarpanam | tasam va phalasamnyasah paramesvare samnyasanam || (Ibid.) 185 isvarapranidhanarupo bhaktiyogo'pyatra kriyayogamadhye eva pravesitah | (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.138) 1860 18 cittadharmo hi samadhiryogah | tadarthascayam kriyayogah | tasmadanena kriyayogena yogiti | | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.123) || 187 Bh. is as follows - tadasya yoginah pranavam japatah pranavartham ca bhavayatah cittamekagram sampadyate| (Vyasa-bhashya, under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.28), While the same is explained by Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana as - tadevamubhayam kurvato yoginah cittamekagram sampadyate | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 79) and in Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, it is- pranavajapena saha brahmadhyanam pranidhanam ... (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p. 84) 188 prakarsena nuyate stuyate aneneti pranavah | yadi va pranauti stautisvaramiti pranavah onkarah | pranidhiyate canena bhagavan pranidhatrbhiriti, pranamanti va aneneti, pranidhatte va tena bhagavantam cetasiti ...| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.76) 189 ...kaivalyam omiti || (Vyasa-bhashya, on Yogasutra of Patanjali, IV.34) 190 " tatronkaro mangalarthah prayuktah paramesvaranamankitamastakataya tantrapracayartham santyartham va vedaranyakavaditi om iti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 369) 191 . manasopamsu va avartanam japah ... | manaso'bhipah prasasyate dhyanasyasannataratvat | (Ibid., p.79) 192 -... pranavasyardhacaturmatrasya trimatrasya va japah ... tadarthasya cesvarasya pranavena vacakena samarpitasya buddhau samaropitasya bhavanamabhidhyanam tadarthabhavanam | kartavyamiti vakyasesah || (Ibid.) 193Ibid., p.209. 260

"nanu ca yogasastrantaresvasanadinyeva sadangani | tadyatha - ' sadango yoga ucyate ' ityadi | kinca- saksadasanadinyeva samadherupakurvanti, na yamaniyamau || naisa dosah | yamaniyamavatoryogadhikaropapatteh | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 211 ) 195 atra pranayamo yamadinirapeksa evottamadhikarino yogasadhanatayoktah, dvitiyapade ca mandadhikarino vyutthitacittasya yamadyastangamadhye pranayamo vaktavyah ... | (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.99) 196T.V., p.242. 197 "yoganganusthanadeva vivekakhyatiriti navadidharayisitam, ...| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.208) 198 ahimsasatyasteyabrahmacaryaparigraha yamah | (Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.30) 199 'tatrahimsa sarvatha sarvatmana sarvaprakarena, sarvabhutanamanabhidrohah sarvabhutanam sthavarajangamanam anabhidroho'pidanam| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.212) 200 abhrantah pramanaih yatharthavagamah sanjatah, tamavagamam tathaiva paratra samkramayitum vanmanasabhyam tathaiva pravartanam satyamiti | ( Ibid., p.213) 201. 'yatha yudhisthirasya asvatthama hatah sa kunjara iti | (Ibid.) 'satyam bruyat priyam bruyanna bruyat satyamapriyam | priyam ca nanrtam bruyadesa dharmah sanatanah | | (Manusmrti, IV.138) 203. steyamasastrapurvakam dravyanam paratah svikaranam, tatpratisedhah punarasprharupamasteyamiti| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.214) 204 'brahmacaryam guptendriyasyopasthasya samyamah | (VBh.under Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.30) 205. brahmacaryam guptendriyasya guptanyendriyasya purusasya abrahmacaryarthavanmanasadi vrttisunyasya upasthendriyasamyama iti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 214) 206 visayanamarjanaraksanaksayasangahimsadosadarsanadasvikaranam aparigrahah| (Ibid.) 207. ete tvahimsadayo mahavratasamjnah samnyasavatamanusthaniyah | ( Ibid.) 261

208 saucasantosatapahsvadhyayesvarapranidhanani niyamah | (Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.32), Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 215-16. 209 'Gautama dharma sutra, 3.8.6. 210 sthirasukhamasanam|| (Yogasutra of Patanjali, 11.46) 211, " yasminnasane sthitasya manogatranamupajayate sthiratvam, duhkham ca yena na bhavati tadabhyasyet | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.225) 212 tatra sucau devanilayagiriguhanadipulinadau jvalanasalilasamipe jantuvivarjite nira ( dega ) smake sucih samyagacamya, paramesvaramakhilabhuvanaikanatham abhivandyamsca yogesvaranatmagurumsca pranipatya, cailajinakusottaramaduhkhakaram pran ‌mukha udanmukho va vistaramadhisthaya, anyatamadesamasanam nirbadhniyat || (Ibid.) 213Ibid., p.226. 214. `tatra padmasanam nama - savyam padamupasamhrtya daksinopari nidadhita | tathaiva daksinam savyasyoparistat | katyurogrivam ca vistabhya, mr (ga) tasuptavannasikagranihitadrstih, samudgakavadapihitosthasamputah, dantairdantagramaparamrsan, mustimatrantaraviprakrstacibukorasthalah, rajaddantantaranihitarasanagrah, hastau pasrnyorupari kacchapakam brahmanjalim va krtva, sakrdasthapitetthamsamsthanah, punah punah sariravayavasariravinyasavisesaparityaktaprayatnah san yenasita, tat padmasanam || (Ibid., p. 225) 215 tatha daksinam padam savyasyopari krtva, hastam ca daksinam savyahastasyopari nidhaya, yenaste, tat bhadrasanam|| (Ibid.) 216 tatha kuncitanyatarapadamavanivinyastaparajanukam virisanam| (Ibid., p. 226) 217 'daksinam padangustham savyenorujanghena parigrhyadrsyam krtva, tatha savyam padangustham daksinenorujanghenadrsyam parigrhya, yatha ca panibhyam vrsanayorapidanam tatha yenaste, tat svastikasanam| (Ibid.) 218 219 "samagulphau saman ‌gusthau prasarayan samajanu padau dandavadyenopaviset, tat dandasanam| (Ibid.) '(na)yogapattasam (stham )stambhadyasrayam va sopasrayam| (Ibid.) 262

220 221 'ajanuprasaritabahusayanam paryankasanam| (Ibid.) ... . krauncadinisadanasamsthanasadrsyadeva ...| (Ibid.) 222 bhumau nyastorujangha samasamsthitam| (Ibid.) 223T.V., p.265. 224 The first stroke is when the air agitated by restraint escapes after reaching top of the head. That is mild. When the air which escaped once, is restrained by past exhalations it is observed as the second stroke. It is called the middling. The one observed by this many exhalations and inhalations is the third one. This third one is tivra. 225 "svaih svaissabdadibhirvisayaih indriyanam srotradinam samyogabhave visayadosadarsanat dhyayinam svavisayat nivartitanam cittasvarupanukarateva | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.231) 226 desabandhascittasya dharana | (Yogasutra of Patanjali, III.1) 227 'tasya cittasya ityevamadisvapracalitarupena ya vrttih sa dharanetyucyate | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.234) 228 dhyeyalambanasya dhyeyo desadih, tadalambanasya | pratyayasya ekatanata sadrsapravahah, tulyapratyayanam pravaha ekakarah pratyayasantanah pratyayantarena vijatiyena aparamrstah anakirnah | tat dhyanam | (Ibid.) 229bhinnajatiyapratyayantaraparamrstaikapratyayapravaha eva hi dhyanam| (Ibid.) 230 " tadeva dhyanam tulyapratyayapravaharupam svamekapratyayasantanatamiva hitva dhyeyakaranirbhasam dhyeyakaravadavabhasate | ( Ibid.) 231. 'dharanaditrayena vina na yogah sambhavati kasyacit| ... kecidatisamicinadarsana janmanaiva samskaradaparaktah | tesam paravairagyaviramapratyayasamsilanadisamiksaya nirbijah samadhirupajanisyata eva | na hi tesam dharanadisamiksanam| (Ibid., p. 238) 263

232 tasya samyamasya bhumisu bahyadhyatmikesu dhyanalambanabhutasu vaksyamanasu parinamatrayadisu viniyogah prayogah kartavyah | | ( Ibid, p.235) 233. 33 tatrobhayakotisparsini vikarani | paramamahatvantasprgvisala | paramanvantasprk samksipta| (Ibid., p.97) 234 vitarka himsadayah krtakaritanumodita lobhakrodhamohapurvaka mrdumadhyadhimatra duhkhajnananantaphala iti pratipaksabhavanam || (Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.34 ) 235 tatra himsaiva eka udahriyate sarvesam pradarsanaya | sa krta karita anumoditeti trividha | krta svavyaparena | karita prayojyavyaparena | anumodita paresam vyaparena manasa anujnata | ekaika punastridha | katham ? lobhena mamsacarmarthi mrgam hinasti | krodhena, apakrtamaneneti | evamete nava bhedah | ekaikasya punastridha bhedah | katham ? lobhakrodhamohah punastridha mrdumadhyadhimatra iti | (ekaikam punah ) tridha bhavati- mrdumrdurmadhyamrdustivramrduriti | tatha mrdumadhyo madhyamadhyastivramadhya iti | tatha mrdutivro madhyativrastivrativra iti | evam ekasitibheda himsa bhavati | | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.218-19) 236 prayatnena hyangngam kampayati | (Ibid., p.226) 237. sthanam svargadikam yesante sthanino deva indradayah | taih upamantranam bho bho ihosyatam ityadi | tasmin satyatmano hinatvam smaratah prapnutah sangasmayau ( arthaditi ) tau ca na kartavyau | sangasmayakarane'nistam prasajyeta| (Ibid., p. 307) 238sbid., p.218 239 Ibid., pp.317-18. 240 Ibid., p.221. 241 vinayesu sisyesu yogyesu va sadhusu jnanamadhatum samartho bhavati yatha bhagavan vyasah sam (jnaye ) jajne | (Ibid., p.222) 242 12 janmanah kathambhavabodho'sya bhavati | (Ibid.) 264

243 prayatnoparamadasanabandhottarakalam prayatnakaranadva sidhyati | ( Ibid, p. 226) 244 'dharanasu vaksyamanasu yogyata manasah pranayamadeva| (Ibid., p. 230) 245Y.S., II.55. 246 tasya samyamasya jayat sthiratvapadanat abhipsitarthabhivyanjanasamarthah pradipalokadesiyah samadhiprajnaya bhavatyalokah | ... yena samadhiprajna''lokena vyavahitaviprakrstadivastunirbhasanasamarthena yoginah karatalakalitamivabhimatamarthamavalokayanti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.235) 247Ibid., pp.263-78. 248 Supra., Chapter. IV, p.166. 249Ibid., p.284. 250 ya asau jyotismati pravrttirukta, tasyam prakasah alokah tam prakasam yogi suksme va vyavahite va viprakrste va arthe vinyasya sthapayitva tamadhigacchati | ( Ibid., p. 284-85) 251. 'evamanyesu cordhvam vimanesu samyamam krtva tani vimananitthamprakaranyevamgatanityevamadi sarvam vijaniyat| (Ibid., p.288) 252 atmani samyamam kurvatah, isvaram va atyartham pranidadhanasya yoginah pratibham tarakam svayamutthitam manasam jnanam, tat vaksyamanalaksanasya vivekajasya jnanasya purvarupam| (Ibid., p.289) 253. 'tatah pratibhasravanavedanadarsasvadavarta jayante | tatah svarthe samadhanat pratibhat atmasamyamajanitat manasat jnanat, suksmavyavahitaviprakrstatitanagatajnanam sampadyate | ( Ibid., p.292) 254. " yadyapi puruse samyamadutpadyante, tathapi na viraktasya samahitacittasya jayante | ( Ibid., p. 292) 255 vide., Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , pp.297-301. 256 Ibid., pp.303-05. 257 | " ityesa sarvavasitvasarvajnatrtvalaksana visoka nama siddhih | yam prapya yogi sarvajnah ksinaklesabandhano viharati vasi | ( Ibid, p.306) 265

258VBh. uses the word prakkamyam. Differing to this, Vivaranakara uses the common term prakamyam. (Ibid., p.302) 259Ibid., p.303. 260Ibid., p.293. 261 Ibid., 294. 262. tatra prano mukhanasikagatirahrdayavrttih | samam nayanat samanah anabhivrttih anabhidesam vartate | mutrapurisadinam apanayanadapanah, sa ca nabhiprabhrti apadatalam vartate | urdhvam sarirasya nayanadudanah, sa ca padataladarabhya amastakavrttih | samastasariravyapi vyana iti | ( Ibid.) 263 Ibid., pp. 293-94. 264Ibid., p.47. 265Y.S., I.17. 266 yah punarmanyate nirvikalpatvamasmiteti-tadasat| asmitasabdasyahankare prasiddhatvat | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.48) 267Y.S., I.18. 268 viramanam viramah | viramascasau pratyayasca viramapratyayah | tasmadviramarupah . pratyayo viramapratyayah tasya abhyasah purvo mukham yasya sah viramapratyayabhyasapurvah | samskara eva seso yasya sa samskarasesah | pratyayoparame tu pratyayasamskara evavasisyate | visayapratyayebhya uparatam cittam samskarasesamevetyarthah| tasya param vairagyamupayah tasya samadheh paramuttamam || (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.49) 20 In Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, it is - viramapratyayabhyasapurvah samskaraseso'nyah | purvapadenopayakathanamuttarabhyam ca svarupakathanam| (Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.58) in Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, the adyavisesanenopayakathanam madhyena laksanakathanamantyena laksyakathanam | (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p.58) at the same same is described astime in Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , it is - viramapratyayabhyasapurva ityetavata sadhanasambandhamacaste | samskarasesa 266

iti tu svabhavavyakhyanam | anya iti anantaroktalaksanat samprajnatadanyo'yam nirbijah asamprajnatah| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.48) 270 271 " upayena pratiyate prapyata ityupayapratyayo yoginam bhavati | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.50) Videhas are the gods who have no bodies (body connected with the eight elements). There mind is strengthened due to detachment and constant practice, has only the subliminal-impressions (samskara) as remains, they experiencing only the samskaras and they enjoy the state of liberation as it were. It is said that prakrtilayas have some work left to be fulfilled. Till such time as the knowledge of the difference between the gunas and purusa (gunapurusantarakhyati) has not arisen, mind has not fulfilled its task and when in that state it gets absorbed in prakrti (prakrtilayapanne) it enjoys the state of liberation as it were as in the case of the videhas. 272 Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.19. 273pYSBV., p.50. 274 *see Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, and Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana under Vyasa-bhashya on Yogasutra of Patanjali I.20. 275 "kaivalyakhyam param dharmam varsatiti dharmameghah iti samjna | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p. 363) 276 vivekakhyatipravanantahkaranasya brahmanasya prasamkhyane'pyakusidasya sarvathavivekakhyaterdharmameghah samadhih | (Ibid.) 277Y.S., I.34-39. 278 " samyagapattih samapattih sa ca tadrsi pratyastamitabahirvrttereva bhavati | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.101) 279 T.S. Rukmani, Yogasutrabhasyavivarana of Sankara, vol.1, p.178. 280 Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.102. 267

281 'anekajanmantarasabdarthasanketajnanasamskaravisistatvadyogino'pi samapattilokapratyayavisista | esa samanapratyayapravahateti || ( Ibid., p. 103 ) prathamatara tu viseso yat labdhasthitipadatvadyogicittasya 282 nirgato vitarko'syah nirvitarkah vitarko'dhyaropah | so'syam nasti | ( Ibid.) 283 sarvam hi vastu desadibhiravacchidyamanam visayina jnatra sambadhyamanam vyavaharaya kalpate| tesvevambhutesvevambhutaiva desadivikalpabhisamhitaiva ya samapattih sa savicaretyucyate | ( Ibid., p. 110 ) 284 34 tairanavacchinnesu bhutasuksmesu sarvadharmanupatisu sarvandharmananupatanti tani suksmani sarvavisesarambhakatvat| sarvatmakesu sarvebhyo visayebhyo'nanyatvattanmatranam| tatra ya samapattih sa nirvicareti | ( Ibid, pp. 110-11 ) 285Ibid., p.113. 2861bid., p.116. 287. 'bahirvastuvisayatvam hetuh sabijatve | ( Ibid., p. 113) 288niruddhasu vrttisu vrttijanitah samskara evavasisyante | etasyam nirodhabhumau yah samadhih sa nirbijah| nirgatam bijamatra klesadibijam sarvamutsannamasminniti | (Ibid., p.12) 289 yogaje jnanaisvarye atikrante parisamapite ca | natah param yogajnanaisvaryam ca | ( Ibid., p. 315) 290 'tadesam gunanam manasi klesakarmavipakasvarupenabhivyaktanam caritarthanam pratiprasave pralaye purusasyatyantiko gunaviyogah kaivalyam | ( Ibid., p. 307 ) "kaivalyasya sadhanam samyagdarsanam | yogasadhanani ca yogadvarena samyagdarsanasadhananyeva| (Ibid., p.121) 22 tada purusah svarupamatrajyotih iti amalah kevali bhavati iti | (Vyasa-bhashya on Yogasutra of Patanjali, III.55, Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.316) 293Y.S., IV.29-34. 294pYSBV., pp.368-69. 268

295. "purusarthasunyanam gunanam yah pratiprasavah pratisamsargah svakarane pratyastamaya ityarthah, karyakaranatmakataya parinatanam, tat kaivalyam purusasya kevalatvam gunairamisribhava ityarthah || svarupapratistha va citisaktiriti | buddhisatvanabhisambandhini ya purusasya citisaktih amisra kevala tasyah sada tathaiva avasthanam kevalayah bhavah kaivalyam || (Ibid., p.369) 296. " tasminnivrtte purusah svarupamatrapratistho'tah suddhah kevalah muktah ityucyata iti | (Vyasa-bhashya on Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.51) 297 ... cittavrttinivrttireva muktih iti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.119) 298 te hi trini bandhanani prakrtavaikrtadaksinani samyagdarsanena hitva kaivalyam praptah | (Ibid., p.54) 299 ... prantah pragatavasanah bhumayah avasthah yasyastam prantabhumim prajnamanupasyan samyagdarsanalingaparipakabhutamiksamanah purusah kusala ityakhyayate | gunanatito hi kusalah | (Ibid., p.207) 300 'pranta bhumayo yasyah prajnaya | vivekakhyateh sa tathokta | (Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.233); ... prantabhumikarupini prajna ... | (Yoga Vartika of Vijnanabhiksu, p. 234) 301 pYSBV., pp.205-207. 302In Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , it is yatha parijnatam heyam sarvam duhkham heyam jnatamupapattibhih | nasya parijnatavyo - duhkhaprakarah| (Ibid., p. 205) 303 In Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana it reads as - saksatkrtam nirodhasamapattirhanam| (Ibid., p. 206) 304. ' ityesa catustayi karyavimuktih karyat kartavyat vimuktiryasyah prajnayah sa karyavimuktih caturupa prajna purusarthakartavyatetyarthah | ...vivekakhyatiyuktam cittam prajnacittam tasya vimuktih pralayah prajnacittavimuktih | ( Ibid.) 269

305. tatasca janmamaranaduhkhasya svargabhidhanayah pritesca darsanat tatkaranasya dvirupatvamanumasyamahe | tatha ca siddhe pratisiddhabhutahimsacaranam kratvarthamapyagnisomiyadau pravartamanam krsnarupamityanumasyamahe| kratvarthapi sati himsa anistabhutaiva tadarthatam pratipadyate | ( Ibid., p. 323) 306 307 '... tatha himsa'pyanistaphalatvamaparityajanti mahaphalam kratum naiva nabhinirvartayati | ( Ibid.) onkaro yasya vakta samacarata phalaih karma yasmadasesam niskarmaklesapako ghatayati sakalam yah phalena kriyanam | isanamisvaro yah sthitibhavanidhanaprakriyanam vidhata dhyayannah suklimanam vyapanudatu taram krsnimanam sa krsnah | | yatrakrtastrijagatam yadacintyasakti- lesan dasahuriha minamukhavataran | klesodbhavatrividhatapaparamparartah tam naganathasayanam saranam vrajamah | | phanaratnaughavidyoti (prthivi ) dyunabhodise | yogindraya phanindraya tatpatanjalaye namah || yogena cittasya padena vaca malam sarirasya tu vaidyakena | yo'pakarottam pravaram muninam patanjalim pranjaliranato'smi || sa jayati patanjalimunih yena sreyo'rthisarthasasyanam | vihito harsastapatritayahrta dharmameghena || yastatana bhavamargalanghinam klesakarmamayadharmanuttaye | dharmameghamukhayogatoyadam (tam patanjalimrsim pranato'smi ) || vadanahitapurnacandrakam gurumisanamabhutibhusanam | pranamamyabhujangasangraham bhagavatpadamapurvasankaram || (Ibid., p.370) 270