Notes and References for chapter 1

Gayatri Devi Vasudev, Vastu, Astrology and Architecture, Delhi, 1998, p. 141. Ananth Sashikala, The Penguin Guide to Vastu, New Delhi, 1998, pp. 5-6. Stella Kramrisch, The Hindu Temple, vol. I, p. 82; V. S. Apte, Sanskrit Hindi Kosa, 1973, p. 923; V. S. Apte, The Students Sanskrit English Dictionary, 1971, pp. 496-97. P. K. Acharya, Dictionary of Hindu Architecture, New Delhi, 1993, p. 545. Kamikagama, vv. 208-210; P. K. Acharya, op. cit., p. 430. Mayamatam, II. 1-3-9; Stella Kramrisch, op. cit., p. 21. 5. 6. 7. ISGP, III, XXVI, 93 ft. 8. Visvakarma Vastu Sastra, 7. 61. 9. Monier, M. William, A Sanskrit English Dictionary, 1976, p. 949. 10. Aparajitaprccha, 53. 9-27; 54. 10-26. 11. Ibid., 2. 17-31.

12. 13. Gayatri Devi Vasudev, op. cit., p. 215. Ibid. 14. Rigveda , VIII, 54.1-3; 55.1. 15. Panini, Astadhyayi, IV. 2.32. 16. Ramayana, 1.23, 32, 56; Mahabharata, II, 18. 17. 87 18. 19. 20. Kautilya's Arthsastra, p. 187; P. K. Acharya, op. cit., p. 546. Rupamandana; a text on iconography has been described as Vastusastra. Samarangana Sutradhara and Aparajitapriccha , dealing with architecture, iconography, painting and other allied matters have been treated as vastusastra whereas a number of texts from the south dealing with architecture are referred to as silpasastra Rigveda, VII 54.1; also this sloka is taken from Purana-Itihasa-Vimarsha by Rajendra I., Nanavati, Delhi, 1998, p. 46. Sabdakalpadruma of Raja Radhakantadeva, vol. IV, Delhi, 1987, p. 328. Shatapatha Brahmana, 1.7.3.7. 21. 22. Taittiriya Brahmana, 1.7.8.15; 3.7.9.7. 23. ASS, 13.20.1. 24. GP, chap. 46.2-3. 25. English translation of this sloka has been taken from Gayatri Devi. Vasudev, Vastu, Astrology and Architecture, p. 14. 26. Arthasastra of Kautilya, 65.1.

88 27 GP. 28. 29. 30. 31. (Vastu samksepato Vaksye grhadau chap. 46 1 Vighnanasanam), Eng. tr. in Gayatri Devi Vasudev, p. 15. Matsya Purana, chap. 252. 1-4. V. S. Agrawala, Matsya Purana: A Study, chap. 252. 342-43. Ibid. Visvakarmaprakash 4.3; Eng. tr. Jagdish Sharma, Bhartiya Vastugyan, Vidya Bhawan, Jaipur, 1997, p. 23. 32. Agni Purana, chap. 93. 3. 33. Ibid., chap. 93. 4-6. 34. Skanda Purana, chap. 6. 132.7. 35. Matsya Purana, chap. 253 5-19. 36. 37. 38. For detail see Agni Purana chaps 93, 105; Matsya Purana chap. 253; and GP chap 46. Matsya Purana, chap. 253. V.12 nivasat sarva-devanam vasturityabhidhiyate). P. V. Kane. History of Dharmasastra. vol. II, part 2, second edn., Poona, 1977, p. 887; for Matsya Purana, p. 899 f. Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 52. 39. 40. Samarangana Sutradhara, 4. 41. Skanda Purana, chap. 32. 9. 42. SR, VII, 4-29. 43. Aparajitapriccha 53 9-27 44. TSGP, III, XXVI, 93 ff. ↑ 45. Matsya Purana, chap. 252, 16. 46 Ibid., chap 252, 17.

89 47. Ibid., chap. 253, 18. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. TSGP, III, ch. XXVI; Stella Kramrisch, The Hindu Temple, p. 76. Matsya Purana, chap. 252. 18-19; S. N. Roy, Pauranic Dharma Evam Samaj, p. 346; V. S. Agrawala, Matsya Purana - A Study, p. 343. Matsya Purana, 253. 38.46; for a detailed study of the two kinds of diagrams. see Stella Kramrisch, The Hindu Temple, pp. 46-50, diagram on p. 32. following the Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, 52. 43 ff; also Vastusara of Thakkur Pheru edited by Pandit Bhagwan Das Jain of Jaipur, pp. 64, 68; and Aparajitapriccha edited by M.A. Mankad, p. xv. Matsya Purana, chap. 253. 47: 'Brahma has enjoyed the mandala of 64 squares for prasadas', Brahma Purana, chap. 130.17. 'The place of the temple should be divided into 64 squares' Agni Purana, chap. 93.1 'After having laid down the cards for the prasada make the Vastumandala (the text has ('Vastumandala) of 64 squares. In houses and city (nagara) one should worship in 81 squares'. Saradatilaka, III 7, Comm.: (a) 64 squares for prasada (b) 81 for a house, quoting (a) Somasambhu (b) Mahakapilapancaratra, nevertheless the Matsya Purana descries in the first place the Vastupurusamandala of 81 squares (ch. 253. 19, ch. 268); also the Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, 52. 42-55. Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 52. 73, Commentary points out an exception to the rules. of ancient Acaryas: Visvakarma has not explicity spoken of the mandala of 64 squares (he includes it in that of 81 squares in the opinion of Utpala).

90 53. 54 55. 56. 57 58. Hayasirsapancaratra, VIII. 150. Mayamata VII 1-32, The Samarangana Sutradhara, III 52, considers the mandala of nine squares as the first or the one of 16 squares (XII. 11) as the least and that of 1000 squares as the last (XII. 12 and III. 52). The Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira does not treat of any other plan besides those of 64 and 81 squares. Puranas give the plan of 64, 81 and 100 squares. The Vaikhanasagama gives special importance to the plan 7x 7 plan etc. Agni Purana, chap. 93. 35-38. Agni Purana, chap. 93. 30; or else one should worship the entire vastu. Here the entirely of the vastu is contracted with its several parts occupied by the various gods. Sakala as an attribute of the one pada mandala also indicates that it is a complete vastu, despite the absence of the additional squares. For detail, see R P. Kulkarni, 'Vastupadamandala', JOI, vol XXVIII, nos. 3-4, 1979, pp. 107-138. Matsya Purana, chaps. 253, 268; GP, chap. 46; Agni Purana, chaps. 40, 64, 93, 105, 106. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap. 13.5. 59. 60. Matsya Purana, chap. 253; Agni Purana, chap. 40. 61. Ibid., chap. 253; Agni Purana, chap. 93; GP, chap. 46. 62. Ibid., chap. 253. 39-46. 63. Samarangana Sutradhara, chaps. 11-14.

91 64 Cf Shatapatha Brahmana, VII 3 2.11, 1 2 5-6, encircling of the dwarf (Vamana) Visnu in the altar, the movement being south-west-north-east 65. Aitareya Brahmana, 1 14.3 3. 66. Samarangana Sutradhara, chap 111 ff. 67. Rigveda, 1 154 6. 68. Ibid, VII. 55 1 69. Taittiriya Brahmana, III. 4.10 3 70 71 72. 73. Krsnasavasi, Aitareya Brahmana, 29 9 Matsya Purana, chap. 253, Agni Purana, chap 247 Matsya Purana, chap. 253, 11-12 Silpasastra, chap 16. 74 Matsya Purana, chap 253 13, Visvakarmaprakasa, 1, 24-26 75 Matsya Purana, chap 253 51ft, 254 1-5, Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira, chap. 53 76. Matsya Purana, chap. 254.5-7. 77 Matsya Purana, chap 254 8-12 78 Matsya Purana, chap 253 256. 79. Matsya Purana, chap 256. 29-35 80 Ibid, chap 254 35-36 81. Ibid, chap. 253 13-16, also GP, chap. 46; Agni Purana, chap 93 82. Ibid, chap 253 18 83 Ibid, chap 268 5-31, Agni Purana, chap 93. 9-31 in both Puranas see two chaps for detail study. 84. Ibid., chap 256, 1-15.

85 Matsya Purana, chap 254 41 86 92 Ibid., chap 255. 20-24. It also recommends auspicious trees like the banyan, fig. pipal and plaksa to be planted all sides of a house. Ibid., chap 253. 2-6; Bhuvanapradipa of Visvakarma, p 5 87. 88. Ibid, chap. 253 7. 89. Ibid, chap. 253. 6, 8