Town Planning (4): Other Constructions

(a) Caitya (II. 2. 7; p. 75)–

[Place of worship, temple:]

Caitya and āyatana are given as synonyms in Amarakośa

Kṣīrasvāmin explains Caitya as a deity house or a shelter under a huge tree on the highways–

cityayā idaṃ caityaṃ devakule mahāvṛkṣo'dhvagāśrayaḥ |

(b) Maṭha (II. 2. 8; p. 75)–

[Student hostel:]

Amarakośa gives maṭha^[1] as an abode or resting place of students. Kṣīrasvāmin also opines the same adding two more words sattraśālā and pratiśraya in the same meaning.

He further adds that a Buddhist monastry was called vihāra:

maṭyante'sminmaṭhaḥ maṭha nivāse | chatraśīlā vidyārthinaśchātrāḥ chatreṇa gurusevā lakṣyate chātrādibhyo'ṇaḥ | satraśālā pratiśrayaśca | bauddhānāṃ tu vihāro'strī |

(c) Aṭṭa (II. 2. 12; p. 76)–

[Watch towers:]

Amarakośa gives aṭṭa and kṣauma as synonyms. Kṣīrasvāmin explains it as a watch tower in front of the palace and quotes Kauṭilya in support of his view.

Kṣīrasvāmin also observes that according to some it as a structure supporting the terrace; he further observes that some read it as kṣoma–

āṭṭantyaṭṭatyatra vāṭṭoṭṭālakaḥ āha ātikramahiṃsayoḥ prākārāgre raṇagṛhamiti kauṭilyaḥ |
kṣuvanti śabdāyante yodhāḥ ātaḥ kṣaumaḥ prākāradhāraṇartho'bhyantaraḥ kṣomākhya ityeke |

(d) Saṃsaraṇam (III. 3. 5; p. 883):

In the Nānārthavarga explaining the various meanings of the word saṃsaraṇam, Amarakośa mentions highway (ghaṇṭāpatha) as one of its senses. Explaining the term ghaṇṭāpatha

Kṣīrasvāmin mentions that it is a rest house on the suburb of the city also called Upaniṣkara–

ghaṇṭāpathaḥ purasamīpe viśrāmabhūrupaniṣkarākhyā |

(e) Śuddhāntaḥ (III. 3. 66; p. 285)^[2] :

Kṣīrasvāmin explains śuddhāntaḥ as the inner chamber–

kakṣāntare rājadhānīsthanaviśeṣe vāsagṛhākhye śuddhāntaḥ śuddho rakṣito'nto'sya śuddhāntaḥ |

Bhānuji quotes Ajaya who gives two meanings to the word namely a harem and a secret chamber–

śuddhānto'ntaḥpure guhyakakṣābhede ca bhūpateḥ iti ājayaḥ |

(f) Koṣṭha (III. 3. 40; p. 279)–

[Store-house:]

In the Nānārthavarga Amarakośa mentions that the word denotes stomach (antarjaṭharam) and granary (kusūla). Kṣīrasvāmin explains the word kusūla as a place where grains are stored or storeroom, also called as apavaraka–

kuśūlo dhānyādhāraḥ koṣṭhaḥ koṣṭhāgāraṃ gṛhasyābhyantaramapavarakāravyam |

Bhoja also mentions the same in the Sam.Sū (XVIII. 25-6):

sā kakṣetyuditā tajjñairyadavasthantaraṃ gṛhe |
yadupasthanakaṃ nāma ye cāpavārakāstathā ||

(g) Śmaśānam (II. 8. 120; p. 199)–

[Cemetry:]

Amarakośa gives pitṛvana as another term. Kṣīrasvāmin adds pretavana and karavīra^[3] to denote cemetery–

pretavanaṃ karavīraṃ ca |

(h) Prācīnam (II. 2. 3; p. 74)–

[A bound hedge:]

Kṣīrasvāmin gives a variant reading of the word as prācīram. He also adds vāṭa, vāṭī, āveṣṭaka to denote a bound hedge—

prācīramityeke | vriyete'nayā vṛttiḥ | vāṭo -vāṭī -āveṣṭako'pi |

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

Cf. Vāsavadattā, p. 140: prabuddhādhyayanakarmaṭheṣu maṭheṣu |

[2]:

kakṣāntare'pi śuddhānto bhūpasyāsarvagocare |

[3]:

karavīra also denotes oleaner.