Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.67
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.67:
अविग्रहा गतादिस्था यथा ग्रामादिकर्मभिः ।
सम्बध्यते क्रिया तद्वत् कृतपूर्व्यादिषु स्थिता ॥ ६७ ॥avigrahā gatādisthā yathā grāmādikarmabhiḥ |
sambadhyate kriyā tadvat kṛtapūrvyādiṣu sthitā || 67 ||67. Just as the action expressed by the word gata and the like is indistinct (avigrahā) and is connected with an object like grāma so is the case in kṛtapūrvī and the like.
Commentary
[In kṛtapūrvī, the action of making is understood as one with the agent and not as distinct from it and yet it becomes connected with an object expressed by an outside word. It is as in the sentence: grāmaṃ gato devadattaḥ = “Devadatta has gone to the village”. In gataḥ, the suffix expresses the agent and the action of going is not understood as distinct from it. It is, therefore, avigrahā = indistinct, having no separate form. And yet it is connected with the object expressed by another word in the sentence namely, grāmam. That is what happens in kṛtapūrvī kaṭam. Everywhere action is understood as connected with some accessory or other and it is expressed by the stem or the root to which is added the suffix which expresses the accessory as in gataḥ or gacchati.]
How to explain the fact that expressions like muṇḍayati, sūtrayati can be connected with an outside word expressive of an object?