Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.9.31
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.9.31:
कर्तृभेदात् तदर्थेषु प्रकर्षापचयौ गतः ।
समत्वं विषमत्वं वा स एकः प्रतिपद्यते ॥ ३१ ॥kartṛbhedāt tadartheṣu prakarṣāpacayau gataḥ |
samatvaṃ viṣamatvaṃ vā sa ekaḥ pratipadyate || 31 ||31. Time which is one becomes good or bad (sama or viṣama) when it attains excellence or degeneracy due to difference in the agents of the different modes of behaviour.
Commentary
[When human beings act according to the injunctions of Śruti and Smṛti, then that period of time attains excellence and it is called the Kṛta age. When human beings indulge in licentious conduct, then that period of time attains degeneracy and it is differentiated because of difference in the behaviour of human beings.]