Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.7.131
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.131:
भेदस्य च विवक्षायां पूर्वा पूर्वा क्रियां प्रति ।
परस्याङ्गस्य कर्मत्वान्न क्रियाग्रहणं कृतम् ॥ १३१ ॥bhedasya ca vivakṣāyāṃ pūrvā pūrvā kriyāṃ prati |
parasyāṅgasya karmatvānna kriyāgrahaṇaṃ kṛtam || 131 ||131. When difference is meant to be conveyed, each Succeeding action becomes the object (karma) of the preceding one and that is why the mention of kriyā has not been made.
Commentary
[When there is a transitive verb one can understand that the agent may intend the actions in question for somebody who thus becomes the recipient (sampradāna). Can there be a recipient when the root is akarmaka (intransitive)? The author of the Mdhābhāṣya has expressed the view that the action itself can become karma in the technical sense and whomsoever that action is meant for becomes sampradāna as in the sentences patye śete, yuddhāya sannahyate. Here the actions of śayana (lying down) and sannahana (getting ready) are respectively meant for the husband and the battle. So the latter become sampradāna and the words expressive of them take the fourth case-affix. They have become sampradāna by the main sūtra itself (P. 1.4.32) without there being any necessity to introduce the word kriyā in the sūtra as had been suggested. See M.Bhā. on P. 1.4.32 and Kārikas 16-17.]