Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.7.130
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.130:
हेतुत्वे कर्मसंज्ञायां शेषत्वे वापि कारकम् ।
रुच्यार्थादिषु शास्त्रेण सम्प्रदानाख्यमुच्यते ॥ १३० ॥hetutve karmasaṃjñāyāṃ śeṣatve vāpi kārakam |
rucyārthādiṣu śāstreṇa sampradānākhyamucyate || 130 ||130. In the sūtras beginning with rucyarthānāṃ prīyamāṇaḥ (P. 1.4.33), it is the śāstra which gives the name of Recipient (sampradāna) to what would otherwise have been Hetu, Karma or Śeṣa.
Commentary
The main kind of sampradāna has thus been explained. The minor kinds are now explained.
[Read verse 130 above]
[But for P. 1.4.33, there would he no fourth case-affix (caturthī) after the word Devadatta in a sentence like Devadattāya rocate modakaḥ, because Devadatta is really Hetu. How? Devadatta prompts the cake which is becoming the object of desire. So the word Devadatta should take whatever case-affix the prompter is supposed to take. But the sūtra concerned makes him a sampradāna and so the word gets the fourth case-affix. As Devadatta ceases to be Hetu, there is no causative affix (ṇic) and no prompting. So the cake does the action quite independently as the agent. Rocate means ‘becomes the object of desire’. Similarly in the other sūtras that immediately follow P. 1.4.33 which teach the name sampradāna, something which would otherwise have been Hetu or Karma is given that name and so the word gets the fourth case-affix. The sūtra: karmaṇā yam abhipraiti sa sampradānam (P. 1.4.32) teaches the normal natural sampradāna whereas the others give the technical name sampradāna merely to explain the fourth case-affix.]