Verse 3.7.67

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.67:

कालभावाध्बदेशानामन्तर्भूतक्रियान्तरैः ।
सर्वैरकर्मकैर्योगे कर्मत्वमुपजायते ॥ ६७ ॥

kālabhāvādhbadeśānāmantarbhūtakriyāntaraiḥ |
sarvairakarmakairyoge karmatvamupajāyate || 67 ||

67. When words expressive of time, action, distance to be covered and country come together with any intransitive verb which implies another action, they become the object (of that action).

Commentary

It is now pointed out that the vārttika on P. 1.4.51 which makes words expressive of time, action, distance to be covered and country objects of intransitive verbs is unnecessary.

[Read verse 67 above]

[So far the three kinds of object (karma) all coming under P. 1.4.49 have been considered. This was followed by a consideration of how what was object before becomes agent in some cases and matters arising out of that. Now the author takes up the consideration of some points arising out of other Sūtras relating to karma.

On P. 1.4.51, there is the following vārttika.

‘kālabhāvādhvagantavyāḥ karmasaṃjñā hyakarmaṇām. Deśaśca. (M. Bha. I, p. 33, 1.1).

This vārttika declares that words expressive of time, action and distance to be covered are objects of intransitive roots. But this vārttika is unnecessary in order to make them objects (karma). Because they would become karma without it. The intransitive roots imply another action than the one which they openly express and the words expressive of time, etc. become the karma of that action. For example, māsam āste means māsaṃ vyāpya āste = he stays, covering a period of one month. The period of one month has become the object of covering, by the original sūtra itself, that is, P. 1.4.49. There was no need for this vārttika. Even though time, etc., thus become the karma of akarmaka roots, these do not cease to be akarmaka (intransitive) roots, because it is only when a root has an antaraṅgakarma, that is, a dravyakarma, an object in the form of a thing, that it is called a transitive (sakarmaka) root. As, thus, roots like ‘√ās’ continue to be akarmaka even after time, etc. have become their objects, the suffixes la, kṛtya, kta and khal can be added to them according to P. 3.4.69 in the sense of ‘bhāva’. Thus action, etc., become karma according to P. 1.4.49 itself and not according to the vārttika under discussion, because the āsanakriyā (the action of staying) in māsam āste involves that of covering (vyāptikriyā).]

It is now stated how time, etc. are only minor objects whereas an object in the form of a thing or substance (dravyakarma) would be the main object.