Verse 2.73-74

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.73-74:

सामर्थ्यप्रापितं यच्च व्यक्त्यर्थमनुषज्यते ।
श्रुतिरेवानुषङ्गे सा बाधिका लिङ्गवाक्ययोः ॥ ७३ ॥
अप्राप्तो यस्तु शुक्लादिः सन्निधानेन गम्यते ।
स यत्नप्रापितो वाक्ये श्रुतिधर्मविलक्षणः ॥ ७४ ॥

sāmarthyaprāpitaṃ yacca vyaktyarthamanuṣajyate |
śrutirevānuṣaṅge sā bādhikā liṅgavākyayoḥ || 73 ||
aprāpto yastu śuklādiḥ sannidhānena gamyate |
sa yatnaprāpito vākye śrutidharmavilakṣaṇaḥ || 74 ||

73-74. When what is implied is mentioned for the sake of clarity, it is a case of direct statement (śruti) and it sets aside indication (liṅga) and juxtaposition (vākya).

A quality like white, when not implied, is understood through proximity and is therefore conveyed by a special effort and is different from direct statement.

Commentary

[If the individual word has no reality, the principle that when there is opposition between direct statement and juxtaposition, the former prevails would not work. Six principles are laid down by Jaimini in order to determine the meanings of doubtful sentences. Of them, each preceding one is stronger than the following one. In the sentence : śvetaṃ chāgam ālabheta=‘one should sacrifice a white goat’ the connection of the act of sacrificing with the goat is conveyed by direct statement (śruti), namely, the second-case-affix. The quality white becomes connected with the act because the word expressive of it is in apposition to the word expressive of the goat. In other words, through juxtaposition. If both the words—chāgam and śvetam—are connected with the verb at the same time because of the second case-affix, then the connection in both cases would be through śruti, with the result that if either is not available, there can be a substitute.]