Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary
by Nandalal Sinha | 1923 | 149,770 words | ISBN-13: 9789332869165
The Vaisheshika-sutra 3.1.11, English translation, including commentaries such as the Upaskara of Shankara Mishra, the Vivriti of Jayanarayana-Tarkapanchanana and the Bhashya of Chandrakanta. The Vaisheshika Sutras teaches the science freedom (moksha-shastra) and the various aspects of the soul (eg., it's nature, suffering and rebirth under the law of karma). This is sutra 1 (‘above continued’) contained in Chapter 1—Of the Marks of Inference—of Book III (of soul and mind).
Sūtra 3.1.11 (Above continued)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Vaiśeṣika sūtra 3.1.11:
विरोध्यभूतं भूतस्य ॥ ३.१.११ ॥
virodhyabhūtaṃ bhūtasya || 3.1.11 ||
virodhi—the contradictory; abhūtam—the non-existent, or non-product, or that which has not taken place; bhūtasya—of the existent, or that which has taken place.
11. The opposite, i.e., the non-existent (is a mark) of the existent.
Commentary: The Upaskāra of Śaṅkara Miśra:
(English rendering of Śaṅkara Miśra’s commentary called Upaskāra from the 15th century)
He illustrates the contradictory mark.
[Read sūtra 3.1.11 above]
That which has not taken place, e.g., a shower, is a mark of that which has taken place, e.g., the conjunction of air and clouds, (where clouds being dispersed by air, showers do not take place). So also is the recitation of a mantra which is the contradictory or counter-agent of a tumour, etc. Thus that which has not taken place, i.e., has not been produced, e.g., a tumour, etc., is the mark of that which has taken place, e.g., the recitation of a mantra or sacred text, (where a tumour is prevented by the recitation of the appropriate mantra).—14.