Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana
by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words
Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...
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Text 11.19 [Niścaya]
64. Niścaya
प्रकृते स्थापितेऽन्यस्मिन् प्रतिषिद्धे च निश्चयः ॥ ११.५cd ॥
prakṛte sthāpite'nyasmin pratiṣiddhe ca niścayaḥ || 11.5cd ||
Niścaya (certainty) is the negation of the upamāna and the establishment of the upameya.
anyasmin prakṛtād āropyamāṇa ity arthaḥ. yathā, nāsau nanda-suto devi tāpiñcho’yaṃ nibhālyatām.[1]
For example: “O beautiful girl, this is Kṛṣṇa. It’s not a tamāla tree.”
Commentary:
Viśvanātha Kavirāja invented the niścaya ornament. It is the exact opposite of apahnuti, where the upameya is negated and the upamāna is established in its place. Kavikarṇapūra does not acknowledge niścaya as a separate ornament. He subsumes it in the niścayānta variety (certainty in the end) of the sandeha ornament (doubt) (Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 8.65).
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
In the translation, I had to adjust Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇa’s wording. The word na (not) should have been placed in the second clause.