Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

यथा वा,

yathā vā,

This is another instance of viśeṣokti,

kṛṣṇasya cañcala-kaṭākṣa-śareṇa bhinnaṃ
  śūlā-karoṣi hṛdayaṃ tvam anaṅgaṃ kiṃ naḥ
|
bhasmī-kṛtasya bhavato vṛṣabha-dhvajena
  kiṃ bhasmasān na hi kṛto bata bāhu-darpaḥ
||

kṛṣṇasya—of Kṛṣṇa; cañcala—fickle; kaṭa-akṣa—of the sidelong glance; śareṇa—by the arrows; bhinnam—pierced; śūlā-karoṣi—you roast on a spit; hṛdayam—the heart; tvam—you; anaṅga—O Cupid; kim—why; naḥ—our; bhasmī-kṛtasya—who was made into ashes; bhavataḥ—of you; vṛṣabha-dhvajena—by Śiva (“whose flag is a bull”); kim—why; bhasmasāt—completely into ashes; nahi—not; kṛtaḥ—made; bata—how amazing; bāhu—of the arms (i.e. Cupid fires arrows with his arms on his bow); darpaḥ—the pride.

O Cupid, why do you roast our hearts on a spit? They are already pierced by the arrows of Kṛṣṇa’s fickle sidelong glances. Śiva, whose emblem is a bull, burnt you to ashes. Why hasn’t the arrogance of your arms been cremated too? (Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 8.162)

atra bāhu-bhasmī-bhāvas tad-darpa-bhasmī-bhāve hetuḥ. jāte ca tasmin sa nābhūd iti saty api hetau kāryānuktiḥ. acintya-hetukeyam iti bhidāntaraṃ kecid āhuḥ. kiṃ tv anukta-hetukaiveyam.

In this example, turning Cupid’s arms into ashes is the cause of turning the arrogance of his arms into ashes. When his arms were turned to ashes, the arrogance of his arms was not so cremated. Therefore, even though a cause was obtained in that way, there is no mention of that effect (the arrogance of Cupid’s arms was not cremated). Some persons (Mammaṭa, Kavikarṇapūra) say this kind of occurrence is a viśeṣokti where the cause is inconceivable and so is a third variety, but in truth it simply belongs to the category of the nonmention of the cause.

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