Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.190.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒तं च॑ स॒त्यं चा॒भी॑द्धा॒त्तप॒सोऽध्य॑जायत । ततो॒ रात्र्य॑जायत॒ तत॑: समु॒द्रो अ॑र्ण॒वः ॥
ऋतं च सत्यं चाभीद्धात्तपसोऽध्यजायत । ततो रात्र्यजायत ततः समुद्रो अर्णवः ॥
ṛtaṃ ca satyaṃ cābhīddhāt tapaso 'dhy ajāyata | tato rātry ajāyata tataḥ samudro arṇavaḥ ||

English translation:

“Truth (of thought) and truthfulness (of speech) were born of arduous penance, thence was nightgenerated, thence also the watery ocean.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Penance: an allusion to the penance of Brahmā preceding creation;

Tataḥ = from that penance, or from him (Brahmā); watery ocean: samudra = firmament and ocean (arṇava)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): aghamarṣaṇo mādhucchandasaḥ [aghamarṣaṇa mādhucchandasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): bhāvavṛttam ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍanuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒तम् । च॒ । स॒त्यम् । च॒ । अ॒भी॑द्धात् । तप॑सः । अधि॑ । अ॒जा॒य॒त॒ । ततः॑ । रात्री॑ । अ॒जा॒य॒त॒ । ततः॑ । स॒मु॒द्रः । अ॒र्ण॒वः ॥
ऋतम् । च । सत्यम् । च । अभीद्धात् । तपसः । अधि । अजायत । ततः । रात्री । अजायत । ततः । समुद्रः । अर्णवः ॥
ṛtam | ca | satyam | ca | abhīddhāt | tapasaḥ | adhi | ajāyata | tataḥ | rātrī | ajāyata | tataḥ | samudraḥ | arṇavaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.190.1 English analysis of grammar]

ṛtaṃ < ṛtam < ṛta

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

satyaṃ < satyam < satya

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“truth; oath; satya [word]; promise.”

cābhīddhāt < ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

cābhīddhāt < abhīddhāt < abhīndh < √indh

[verb noun], ablative, singular

tapaso < tapasaḥ < tapas

[noun], ablative, singular, neuter

“penance; heat; Tapoloka; tapas [word]; ardor; austerity; summer; heat.”

'dhy < adhi

[adverb]

“on; from; accordingly.”

ajāyata < jan

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

tato < tatas

[adverb]

“then; therefore; now; then; from there; subsequently; consequently; then; there; from that; for that reason; alternatively; consequently; furthermore.”

rātry < rātrī < rātri

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“night; night; rātri [word]; turmeric; Rātri; day; night.”

ajāyata < jan

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

tataḥ < tatas

[adverb]

“then; therefore; now; then; from there; subsequently; consequently; then; there; from that; for that reason; alternatively; consequently; furthermore.”

samudro < samudraḥ < samudra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

arṇavaḥ < arṇava

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“ocean; sea; four.”

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