Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.121.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
हि॒र॒ण्य॒ग॒र्भः सम॑वर्त॒ताग्रे॑ भू॒तस्य॑ जा॒तः पति॒रेक॑ आसीत् । स दा॑धार पृथि॒वीं द्यामु॒तेमां कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
हिरण्यगर्भः समवर्तताग्रे भूतस्य जातः पतिरेक आसीत् । स दाधार पृथिवीं द्यामुतेमां कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम ॥
hiraṇyagarbhaḥ sam avartatāgre bhūtasya jātaḥ patir eka āsīt | sa dādhāra pṛthivīṃ dyām utemāṃ kasmai devāya haviṣā vidhema ||
English translation:
“Hiraṇyagarbha was present at the beginning; when born, he was the sole lord of created beings; heupheld this earth and heaven-- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Hiraṇyagarbha: cf.Taittirīya Saṃhitā 5.5.1.2; the golden embryo, or he who had the golden germ, i.e., he who was in the goldenmundane egg as an embryo, Brahmā_, the creator; cf. Nirukta 10.23; Yajus. 13.4; Let us offer worship...Ka:This is the refrain of every ṛca except the last. Kasmai: the dative of the interrogative pronoun, "To what deitymay we sacrifice?" May be, it is a proper name. The name originated in a dialogue between Indra and Prajāpati.The latter asked the former, ":Having given you my might, then whom am I?" Indra replid, "If you ask 'who (ka) amI?' that be you (i.e., be you ka)." The oblation to be offered is the marrow of the victim dedicated to Prajāpati, orit may the ordinary oblation of cake and ghī, the Puroḍāśa
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): hiraṇyagarbhaḥ prājāpatyaḥ [hiraṇyagarbha prājāpatya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): kaḥ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
हि॒र॒ण्य॒ऽग॒र्भः । सम् । अ॒व॒र्त॒त॒ । अग्रे॑ । भू॒तस्य॑ । जा॒तः । पतिः॑ । एकः॑ । आ॒सी॒त् । सः । दा॒धा॒र॒ । पृ॒थि॒वीम् । द्याम् । उ॒त । इ॒माम् । कस्मै॑ । दे॒वाय॑ । ह॒विषा॑ । वि॒धे॒म॒ ॥
हिरण्यगर्भः । सम् । अवर्तत । अग्रे । भूतस्य । जातः । पतिः । एकः । आसीत् । सः । दाधार । पृथिवीम् । द्याम् । उत । इमाम् । कस्मै । देवाय । हविषा । विधेम ॥
hiraṇya-garbhaḥ | sam | avartata | agre | bhūtasya | jātaḥ | patiḥ | ekaḥ | āsīt | saḥ | dādhāra | pṛthivīm | dyām | uta | imām | kasmai | devāya | haviṣā | vidhema
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.121.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], neuter
“gold; jewelry; hiraṇya [word]; gold.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fetus; garbha; inside; cavity; embryo; uterus; child; pit; garbhadruti; filling; pregnancy; room; abdomen; fertilization; inside; hole; baby; calyx; midst.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“sam; together; together; saṃ.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“behave; happen; exist; return; dwell; die; roll; continue; act; exist; feed on; issue; move; travel; proceed; turn; situate; drive; account for; begin; do; inhere; revolve.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“tip; beginning; peak; end; front; top; beginning; battlefront; agra [word]; acme; fingertip; top; best; optimum; climax; matter; glans.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“being; ghost; mahābhūta; monster; past; Bhūta; world; bhūta [word]; being; mythical monster; animal; entity.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”
[noun], accusative, singular
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”
[verb], plural, Present optative
“worship; offer.”