Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.120.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तदिदा॑स॒ भुव॑नेषु॒ ज्येष्ठं॒ यतो॑ ज॒ज्ञ उ॒ग्रस्त्वे॒षनृ॑म्णः । स॒द्यो ज॑ज्ञा॒नो नि रि॑णाति॒ शत्रू॒ननु॒ यं विश्वे॒ मद॒न्त्यूमा॑: ॥
तदिदास भुवनेषु ज्येष्ठं यतो जज्ञ उग्रस्त्वेषनृम्णः । सद्यो जज्ञानो नि रिणाति शत्रूननु यं विश्वे मदन्त्यूमाः ॥
tad id āsa bhuvaneṣu jyeṣṭhaṃ yato jajña ugras tveṣanṛmṇaḥ | sadyo jajñāno ni riṇāti śatrūn anu yaṃ viśve madanty ūmāḥ ||
English translation:
“That was the chiefest in all worlds, from whence the fierce one, the rich in radiance, was born; assoon as born, he destroys the foes, he in whom all living beings delight.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
That, is Brahman, the first cause: sadyohyeṣa jātaḥ pāpmānamapāhata: Aitareya Āraṇyaka 1.3.4 (cf. Yajus. 33.20; 14.24: ādityam, the sun, thefirst light);
Ūmāḥ = prāṇinaḥ: bhūtāni vai viśva ūmāsta enmanu madanty udagād udagāditi: AitareyaĀraṇyaka 1.3.4; or, all the protecting deities
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): bṛhaddiva ātharvaṇaḥ [bṛhaddiva ātharvaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): svarāḍārcītriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तत् । इत् । आ॒स॒ । भुव॑नेषु । ज्येष्ठ॑म् । यतः॑ । ज॒ज्ञे । उ॒ग्रः । त्वे॒षऽनृ॑म्णः । स॒द्यः । ज॒ज्ञा॒नः । नि । रि॒णा॒ति॒ । शत्रू॑न् । अनु॑ । यम् । विश्वे॑ । मद॑न्ति । ऊमाः॑ ॥
तत् । इत् । आस । भुवनेषु । ज्येष्ठम् । यतः । जज्ञे । उग्रः । त्वेषनृम्णः । सद्यः । जज्ञानः । नि । रिणाति । शत्रून् । अनु । यम् । विश्वे । मदन्ति । ऊमाः ॥
tat | it | āsa | bhuvaneṣu | jyeṣṭham | yataḥ | jajñe | ugraḥ | tveṣa-nṛmṇaḥ | sadyaḥ | jajñānaḥ | ni | riṇāti | śatrūn | anu | yam | viśve | madanti | ūmāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.120.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], locative, plural, neuter
“Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”
[adverb]
“from which; whence; wherein.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”
[noun]
“awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“manhood; power.”
[adverb]
“immediately; just; daily; sadyas [word].”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“free; liberate; run; let go of.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“enemy; foe; enemy; Asura.”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“assistant.”