Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.117.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

एक॑पा॒द्भूयो॑ द्वि॒पदो॒ वि च॑क्रमे द्वि॒पात्त्रि॒पाद॑म॒भ्ये॑ति प॒श्चात् । चतु॑ष्पादेति द्वि॒पदा॑मभिस्व॒रे स॒म्पश्य॑न्प॒ङ्क्तीरु॑प॒तिष्ठ॑मानः ॥
एकपाद्भूयो द्विपदो वि चक्रमे द्विपात्त्रिपादमभ्येति पश्चात् । चतुष्पादेति द्विपदामभिस्वरे सम्पश्यन्पङ्क्तीरुपतिष्ठमानः ॥
ekapād bhūyo dvipado vi cakrame dvipāt tripādam abhy eti paścāt | catuṣpād eti dvipadām abhisvare sampaśyan paṅktīr upatiṣṭhamānaḥ ||

English translation:

“He who has but one foot takes a longer time on a journey than he who has two; he who has two feetcomes after him who has three; he who has four feet comes up overtaking the two-footed (and three-footed),beholding their traces as he passes by.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Foot: a metaphor, for portion or wealth. The man who has four times theriches of another should be four times as liberal

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): bhikṣuḥ;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): dhanānnadānapraśaṃsā ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

एक॑ऽपात् । भूयः॑ । द्वि॒ऽपदः॑ । वि । च॒क्र॒मे॒ । द्वि॒ऽपात् । त्रि॒ऽपाद॑म् । अ॒भि । ए॒ति॒ । प॒श्चात् । चतुः॑ऽपात् । ए॒ति॒ । द्वि॒ऽपदा॑म् । अ॒भि॒ऽस्व॒रे । स॒म्ऽपश्य॑न् । प॒ङ्क्तीः । उ॒प॒ऽतिष्ठ॑मानः ॥
एकपात् । भूयः । द्विपदः । वि । चक्रमे । द्विपात् । त्रिपादम् । अभि । एति । पश्चात् । चतुःपात् । एति । द्विपदाम् । अभिस्वरे । सम्पश्यन् । पङ्क्तीः । उपतिष्ठमानः ॥
eka-pāt | bhūyaḥ | dvi-padaḥ | vi | cakrame | dvi-pāt | tri-pādam | abhi | eti | paścāt | catuḥ-pāt | eti | dvi-padām | abhi-svare | sam-paśyan | paṅktīḥ | upa-tiṣṭhamānaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.117.8 English analysis of grammar]

ekapād

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Shiva.”

bhūyo < bhūyas

[adverb]

“again; further; further; repeatedly.”

dvipado < dvipadaḥ < dvipad

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“biped.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

cakrame < kram

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”

dvipāt < dvipād

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“biped; Vishnu.”

tripādam < tripād

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

abhy < abhī < abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

eti < i

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

paścāt

[adverb]

“subsequently; westward; paścāt [word]; after; back.”

catuṣpād

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“quadruped.”

eti < i

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

dvipadām < dvipad

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“biped.”

abhisvare < abhisvara

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

sampaśyan < saṃdṛś < √dṛś

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“see; look; consider.”

paṅktīr < paṅktīḥ < paṅkti

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“Paṅkti; group; paṅkti [word]; assembly.”

upatiṣṭhamānaḥ < upasthā < √sthā

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“approach; approach; worship; serve; originate; enter (a state); entertain; arise; stand; happen; become.”

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