Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.90.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रि॒पादू॒र्ध्व उदै॒त्पुरु॑ष॒: पादो॑ऽस्ये॒हाभ॑व॒त्पुन॑: । ततो॒ विष्व॒ङ्व्य॑क्रामत्साशनानश॒ने अ॒भि ॥
त्रिपादूर्ध्व उदैत्पुरुषः पादोऽस्येहाभवत्पुनः । ततो विष्वङ्व्यक्रामत्साशनानशने अभि ॥
tripād ūrdhva ud ait puruṣaḥ pādo 'syehābhavat punaḥ | tato viṣvaṅ vy akrāmat sāśanānaśane abhi ||
English translation:
“Three-fourths of Puruṣa ascended; the other fourth that remained in this world proceeds repeatedly,and, diversified in various forms, went to all animate and inanimate creation.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Proceeds repeatedly: either inindividuals by death and birth, or in the world by its temporary dissolution and renovation;
Sāśanānaśane =those who eat and those who do not; i.e., the two classes of created things, those capable of enjoyment etc., asgods, men, animals, or incapable thereof, as mountains and rivers -- conscious and unconscious creation
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nārāyaṇaḥ [nārāyaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): puruṣaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): anuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रि॒ऽपात् । ऊ॒र्ध्व । उत् । ऐ॒त् । पुरु॑षः । पादः॑ । अ॒स्य॒ । इ॒ह । अ॒भ॒व॒त् । पुन॒रिति॑ । ततः॑ । विष्व॑ङ् । वि । अ॒क्रा॒म॒त् । सा॒श॒ना॒न॒श॒ने इति॑ । अ॒भि ॥
त्रिपात् । ऊर्ध्व । उत् । ऐत् । पुरुषः । पादः । अस्य । इह । अभवत् । पुनरिति । ततः । विष्वङ् । वि । अक्रामत् । साशनानशने इति । अभि ॥
tri-pāt | ūrdhva | ut | ait | puruṣaḥ | pādaḥ | asya | iha | abhavat | punariti | tataḥ | viṣvaṅ | vi | akrāmat | sāśanānaśane iti | abhi
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.90.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun]
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“pād [word]; foot.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“upper; up(a); upper; upward; erect; more(a); raised; ūrdhva [word]; acclivitous; overturned; loud; eminent; high.”
[adverb]
“up.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“man; man; Puruṣa; puṃvajra; puruṣa; servant; puruṣa [word]; assistant; soldier; soul; commoner; generation; people; doll.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“foot; one-fourth; beam; pāda; foot; foundation; pāda [word]; leg; leg; animal foot; step; foot; footfall; verse.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[adverb]
“here; now; in this world; now; below; there; here; just.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[adverb]
“again; further; now; over and over; subsequently; repeatedly; however; besides.”
[adverb]
“then; therefore; now; then; from there; subsequently; consequently; then; there; from that; for that reason; alternatively; consequently; furthermore.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“dispersed; viṣvañc [word].”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”
[adverb]
“with; little; together.”
[noun], neuter
“eating; food; diet; foodstuff.”
[noun], accusative, dual, neuter
“fast; seeking death by fasting.”
[adverb]
“towards; on.”