Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.87.21

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प॒श्चात्पु॒रस्ता॑दध॒रादुद॑क्तात्क॒विः काव्ये॑न॒ परि॑ पाहि राजन् । सखे॒ सखा॑यम॒जरो॑ जरि॒म्णेऽग्ने॒ मर्ताँ॒ अम॑र्त्य॒स्त्वं न॑: ॥
पश्चात्पुरस्तादधरादुदक्तात्कविः काव्येन परि पाहि राजन् । सखे सखायमजरो जरिम्णेऽग्ने मर्ताँ अमर्त्यस्त्वं नः ॥
paścāt purastād adharād udaktāt kaviḥ kāvyena pari pāhi rājan | sakhe sakhāyam ajaro jarimṇe 'gne martām̐ amartyas tvaṃ naḥ ||

English translation:

“Royal Agni, who are a sage, protect us by your wisdom on the west, on the east, on the south, on thenorth; do you, O friend, who are undecaying, (preserve me), your friend, to old age; do you who are immortal,(protect) us who are mortal.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): pāyuḥ;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agnī rakṣohā;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प॒श्चात् । पु॒रस्ता॑त् । अ॒ध॒रात् । उद॑क्तात् । क॒विः । काव्ये॑न । परि॑ । पा॒हि॒ । रा॒ज॒न् । सखे॑ । सखा॑यम् । अ॒जरः॑ । ज॒रि॒म्णे । अग्ने॑ । मर्ता॑न् । अम॑र्त्यः । त्वम् । नः॒ ॥
पश्चात् । पुरस्तात् । अधरात् । उदक्तात् । कविः । काव्येन । परि । पाहि । राजन् । सखे । सखायम् । अजरः । जरिम्णे । अग्ने । मर्तान् । अमर्त्यः । त्वम् । नः ॥
paścāt | purastāt | adharāt | udaktāt | kaviḥ | kāvyena | pari | pāhi | rājan | sakhe | sakhāyam | ajaraḥ | jarimṇe | agne | martān | amartyaḥ | tvam | naḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.87.21 English analysis of grammar]

paścāt

[adverb]

“subsequently; westward; paścāt [word]; after; back.”

purastād < purastāt

[adverb]

“ahead; eastward; earlier; above; above.”

adharād < adharāt

[adverb]

“below; south.”

udaktāt

[adverb]

kaviḥ < kavi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

kāvyena < kāvya

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

pāhi <

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“protect; govern.”

rājan

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

sakhe < sakhi

[noun], vocative, singular

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

sakhāyam < sakhi

[noun], accusative, singular

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

ajaro < ajaraḥ < ajara

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“undecaying; ageless.”

jarimṇe < jariman

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“old age.”

'gne < agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

martāṃ < marta

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“man.”

amartyas < amartyaḥ < amartya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“immortal.”

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

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