Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.81.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

या ते॒ धामा॑नि पर॒माणि॒ याव॒मा या म॑ध्य॒मा वि॑श्वकर्मन्नु॒तेमा । शिक्षा॒ सखि॑भ्यो ह॒विषि॑ स्वधावः स्व॒यं य॑जस्व त॒न्वं॑ वृधा॒नः ॥
या ते धामानि परमाणि यावमा या मध्यमा विश्वकर्मन्नुतेमा । शिक्षा सखिभ्यो हविषि स्वधावः स्वयं यजस्व तन्वं वृधानः ॥
yā te dhāmāni paramāṇi yāvamā yā madhyamā viśvakarmann utemā | śikṣā sakhibhyo haviṣi svadhāvaḥ svayaṃ yajasva tanvaṃ vṛdhānaḥ ||

English translation:

“Grant to your friends, Viśvakarman, at the oblation, your best, your worst and your intermediate forms,and to these do you yourself, possessor of the oblation, becoming augmented in person n (by oblations), offerworship.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Your beṣṭ..forms: The best forms are the bodies of the gods, etc.; the intermediate forms are thebodies of men, etc.; the inferior forms are the bodies of worms, etc. Viśvakarman, the creator is mixed up withViśvakarman, as Tvaṣṭā or Agni. It means that man is incompetent to worship the creator, that is, in his forms,and it must be done by himself

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): viśvakarmā bhauvanaḥ [viśvakarmā bhauvana];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvakarmā;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

या । ते॒ । धामा॑नि । प॒र॒माणि॑ । या । अ॒व॒मा । या । म॒ध्य॒मा । वि॒श्व॒ऽक॒र्म॒न् । उ॒त । इ॒मा । शिक्ष॑ । सखि॑ऽभ्यः । ह॒विषि॑ । स्व॒धा॒ऽवः॒ । स्व॒यम् । य॒ज॒स्व॒ । त॒न्व॑म् । वृ॒धा॒नः ॥
या । ते । धामानि । परमाणि । या । अवमा । या । मध्यमा । विश्वकर्मन् । उत । इमा । शिक्ष । सखिभ्यः । हविषि । स्वधावः । स्वयम् । यजस्व । तन्वम् । वृधानः ॥
yā | te | dhāmāni | paramāṇi | yā | avamā | yā | madhyamā | viśva-karman | uta | imā | śikṣa | sakhi-bhyaḥ | haviṣi | svadhāvaḥ | svayam | yajasva | tanvam | vṛdhānaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.81.5 English analysis of grammar]

< yad

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

dhāmāni < dhāman

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”

paramāṇi < parama

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“extreme; best; excellent; highest; highest; devoted(p); maximal; distant; parama [word]; very; farthermost.”

yāvamā < < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

yāvamā < avamā < avama

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“avama [word]; bottom; last.”

< yad

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

madhyamā < madhyama

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“intermediate; middle; average; second; average; adult; central; moderate; mean; center(a).”

viśvakarmann < viśvakarman

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Viśvakarman; viśvakarman; Shiva; Maya; Vishnu.”

utemā < uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

utemā < imā < idam

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

śikṣā < śikṣ

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“help; give.”

sakhibhyo < sakhibhyaḥ < sakhi

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

haviṣi < havis

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”

svadhāvaḥ < svadhāvas < svadhāvat

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“autonomous; independent.”

svayaṃ < svayam

[adverb]

“personally; spontaneously; svayam [word]; voluntarily.”

yajasva < yaj

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“sacrifice; worship; worship.”

tanvaṃ < tanvam < tanū

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“body; self; own(a); person; form.”

vṛdhānaḥ < vṛdh

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

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