Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.55.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वि॒धुं द॑द्रा॒णं सम॑ने बहू॒नां युवा॑नं॒ सन्तं॑ पलि॒तो ज॑गार । दे॒वस्य॑ पश्य॒ काव्यं॑ महि॒त्वाद्या म॒मार॒ स ह्यः समा॑न ॥
विधुं दद्राणं समने बहूनां युवानं सन्तं पलितो जगार । देवस्य पश्य काव्यं महित्वाद्या ममार स ह्यः समान ॥
vidhuṃ dadrāṇaṃ samane bahūnāṃ yuvānaṃ santam palito jagāra | devasya paśya kāvyam mahitvādyā mamāra sa hyaḥ sam āna ||

English translation:

“The grey-haired has swallowed the warlike (man) the scatterer of many foes, in battle being young;behold the power of the deity (endowed) with might; he dies today, he is alive tomorrow.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Indra is here identifiedwith Time, his fourth form

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vṛhaduktho vāmadevyaḥ [vṛhaduktha vāmadevya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वि॒धुम् । द॒द्रा॒णम् । सम॑ने । ब॒हू॒नाम् । युवा॑नम् । सन्त॑म् । प॒लि॒तः । ज॒गा॒र॒ । दे॒वस्य॑ । प॒श्य॒ । काव्य॑म् । म॒हि॒ऽत्वा । अ॒द्य । म॒मार॑ । सः । ह्यः । सम् । आ॒न॒ ॥
विधुम् । दद्राणम् । समने । बहूनाम् । युवानम् । सन्तम् । पलितः । जगार । देवस्य । पश्य । काव्यम् । महित्वा । अद्य । ममार । सः । ह्यः । सम् । आन ॥
vidhum | dadrāṇam | samane | bahūnām | yuvānam | santam | palitaḥ | jagāra | devasya | paśya | kāvyam | mahi-tvā | adya | mamāra | saḥ | hyaḥ | sam | āna

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.55.5 English analysis of grammar]

vidhuṃ < vidhum < vidhu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“moon; vidhu [word]; Vishnu.”

dadrāṇaṃ < dadrāṇam < drā

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“run; run.”

samane < samana

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“marriage; conflict.”

bahūnāṃ < bahūnām < bahu

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“many; much(a); bahu [word]; abundant; long; large; abounding in(p); perennial.”

yuvānaṃ < yuvānam < yuvan

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“young person; yuvan [word]; taruṇabandha; yuvan; yuvan; young buck; young.”

santam < as

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

palito < palitaḥ < palita

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“gray; pale; palita [word].”

jagāra < gṛ

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“devour; swallow; surround.”

devasya < deva

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

paśya < paś

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

kāvyam < kāvya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”

mahitvādyā < mahitvā < mahitva

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“greatness.”

mahitvādyā < adya

[adverb]

“now; today; then; nowadays; adya [word].”

mamāra < mṛ

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“mṛ; die; disappear; go out.”

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

hyaḥ < hyas

[adverb]

“yesterday; hyas [word].”

sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

āna < an

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“breathe.”

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