Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.51.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒हत्तदुल्बं॒ स्थवि॑रं॒ तदा॑सी॒द्येनावि॑ष्टितः प्रवि॒वेशि॑था॒पः । विश्वा॑ अपश्यद्बहु॒धा ते॑ अग्ने॒ जात॑वेदस्त॒न्वो॑ दे॒व एक॑: ॥
महत्तदुल्बं स्थविरं तदासीद्येनाविष्टितः प्रविवेशिथापः । विश्वा अपश्यद्बहुधा ते अग्ने जातवेदस्तन्वो देव एकः ॥
mahat tad ulbaṃ sthaviraṃ tad āsīd yenāviṣṭitaḥ praviveśithāpaḥ | viśvā apaśyad bahudhā te agne jātavedas tanvo deva ekaḥ ||

English translation:

“(The gods speak). Great and very dense is the covering enveloped by which, Agni, you have enteredinto the waters. Agni Jātavedas, one deity has beheld all your manifold forms.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Taittirīya Saṃhitā 2.6.6: Agnihad three elder brothers, who were killed by the Vaṣaṭkāra (utterance of vaṣaṭ!) in the form of a thunderbolt,and by Havirvāhana (conveyance of oblations to the gods), the oblation bearer of the gods. Agni Śaucika,afraid of sharing the fate of his elder brothers, fled and his himself in the deep water. The fishes betrayed hisretreat to the gods who were searching for him, and upon this discovery the dialogue recorded in this and thefollowing two sūktas is supposed to have occurred

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): devāḥ;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ saucīkaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒हत् । तत् । उल्ब॑म् । स्थवि॑रम् । तत् । आ॒सी॒त् । येन॑ । आऽवि॑ष्टितः । प्र॒ऽवि॒वेशि॑थ । अ॒पः । विश्वाः॑ । अ॒प॒श्य॒त् । ब॒हु॒धा । ते॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । जात॑ऽवेदः । त॒न्वः॑ । दे॒वः । एकः॑ ॥
महत् । तत् । उल्बम् । स्थविरम् । तत् । आसीत् । येन । आविष्टितः । प्रविवेशिथ । अपः । विश्वाः । अपश्यत् । बहुधा । ते । अग्ने । जातवेदः । तन्वः । देवः । एकः ॥
mahat | tat | ulbam | sthaviram | tat | āsīt | yena | āviṣṭitaḥ | pra-viveśitha | apaḥ | viśvāḥ | apaśyat | bahudhā | te | agne | jāta-vedaḥ | tanvaḥ | devaḥ | ekaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.51.1 English analysis of grammar]

mahat

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

tad < tat < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

ulbaṃ < ulbam < ulba

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“chorion.”

sthaviraṃ < sthaviram < sthavira

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“old; strong; hardy; firm; firm.”

tad < tat < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

āsīd < āsīt < as

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

yenāviṣṭitaḥ < yena < yad

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

yenāviṣṭitaḥ < āviṣṭitaḥ < āviṣṭ < √viṣṭ

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“envelop.”

praviveśithāpaḥ < praviveśitha < praviś < √viś

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“enter; throw; insert; fit; marry; repair to; permeate.”

praviveśithāpaḥ < apaḥ < ap

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

viśvā < viśvāḥ < viśva

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

apaśyad < apaśyat < paś

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

bahudhā

[adverb]

“repeatedly; variously; multiply; a lot.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

jātavedas < jātavedaḥ < jātavedas

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Agni; fire.”

tanvo < tanvaḥ < tanū

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“body; self; own(a); person; form.”

deva < devaḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

ekaḥ < eka

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

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