Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.49.10
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒हं तदा॑सु धारयं॒ यदा॑सु॒ न दे॒वश्च॒न त्वष्टाधा॑रय॒द्रुश॑त् । स्पा॒र्हं गवा॒मूध॑स्सु व॒क्षणा॒स्वा मधो॒र्मधु॒ श्वात्र्यं॒ सोम॑मा॒शिर॑म् ॥
अहं तदासु धारयं यदासु न देवश्चन त्वष्टाधारयद्रुशत् । स्पार्हं गवामूधस्सु वक्षणास्वा मधोर्मधु श्वात्र्यं सोममाशिरम् ॥
ahaṃ tad āsu dhārayaṃ yad āsu na devaś cana tvaṣṭādhārayad ruśat | spārhaṃ gavām ūdhassu vakṣaṇāsv ā madhor madhu śvātryaṃ somam āśiram ||
English translation:
“I have kept up in them that which no deity, not even Tvaṣṭā, has maintained, bright, desirable,(contained) in the udders of the cows; in the rivers (I uphold) the water up to the (source of the) water, thedelightful Soma and the milk and curds.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
In them that: them, means the cows and that, means the milk; upto thesource of the water: ā madhoḥ]. his energy stimulates both gods and men; lord of horses, doer of great deeds, renowned (Indra), the eager(priests) glorify all these (your actions).
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): indro vaikuṇṭhaḥ [indra vaikuṇṭha];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indro vaikuṇṭhaḥ;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛjjgatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒हम् । तत् । आ॒सु॒ । धा॒र॒य॒म् । यत् । आ॒सु॒ । न । दे॒वः । च॒न । त्वष्टा॑ । अधा॑रयत् । रुश॑त् । स्पा॒र्हम् । गवा॑म् । ऊधः॑ऽसु । व॒क्षणा॑सु । आ । मधोः॑ । मधु॑ । श्वात्र्य॑म् । सोम॑म् । आ॒ऽशिर॑म् ॥
अहम् । तत् । आसु । धारयम् । यत् । आसु । न । देवः । चन । त्वष्टा । अधारयत् । रुशत् । स्पार्हम् । गवाम् । ऊधःसु । वक्षणासु । आ । मधोः । मधु । श्वात्र्यम् । सोमम् । आशिरम् ॥
aham | tat | āsu | dhārayam | yat | āsu | na | devaḥ | cana | tvaṣṭā | adhārayat | ruśat | spārham | gavām | ūdhaḥ-su | vakṣaṇāsu | ā | madhoḥ | madhu | śvātryam | somam | āśiram
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.49.10 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“keep; sustain; put; hold; wear; hold; carry; keep alive; suppress; preserve; remember; stow; stop; have; fill into; endure; support; understand; fixate; govern; restrain.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“not even; cana [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Tvaṣṭṛ; Viśvakarman; sun.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“keep; sustain; put; hold; wear; hold; carry; keep alive; suppress; preserve; remember; stow; stop; have; fill into; endure; support; understand; fixate; govern; restrain.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“white; bright; bright.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“desirable.”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], locative, plural, neuter
“udder; ūdhas [word]; night.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“abdomen; udder; inside.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], ablative, singular, neuter
“sweet; deft.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“sweet; deft.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“swelling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“mixture.”