Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.48.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒हं गु॒ङ्गुभ्यो॑ अतिथि॒ग्वमिष्क॑र॒मिषं॒ न वृ॑त्र॒तुरं॑ वि॒क्षु धा॑रयम् । यत्प॑र्णय॒घ्न उ॒त वा॑ करञ्ज॒हे प्राहं म॒हे वृ॑त्र॒हत्ये॒ अशु॑श्रवि ॥
अहं गुङ्गुभ्यो अतिथिग्वमिष्करमिषं न वृत्रतुरं विक्षु धारयम् । यत्पर्णयघ्न उत वा करञ्जहे प्राहं महे वृत्रहत्ये अशुश्रवि ॥
ahaṃ guṅgubhyo atithigvam iṣkaram iṣaṃ na vṛtraturaṃ vikṣu dhārayam | yat parṇayaghna uta vā karañjahe prāham mahe vṛtrahatye aśuśravi ||

English translation:

“I prepared Atithigva for (the protection of) the Guṅgus, I upheld him, the destroyer of enemies, assustenance among the people; when I gained renown in the great Vṛtra-battle, in which Parṇaya and Karañja= hospitable; guṅgus = name of a people; parṇaya and karañja = names of asuras].”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): indro vaikuṇṭhaḥ [indra vaikuṇṭha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indro vaikuṇṭhaḥ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒हम् । गु॒ङ्गुऽभ्यः॑ । अ॒ति॒थि॒ऽग्वम् । इष्क॑रम् । इष॑म् । न । वृ॒त्र॒ऽतुर॑म् । वि॒क्षु । धा॒र॒य॒म् । यत् । प॒र्ण॒य॒ऽघ्ने । उ॒त । वा॒ । क॒र॒ञ्ज॒ऽहे । प्र । अ॒हम् । म॒हे । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहत्ये॑ । अशु॑श्रवि ॥
अहम् । गुङ्गुभ्यः । अतिथिग्वम् । इष्करम् । इषम् । न । वृत्रतुरम् । विक्षु । धारयम् । यत् । पर्णयघ्ने । उत । वा । करञ्जहे । प्र । अहम् । महे । वृत्रहत्ये । अशुश्रवि ॥
aham | guṅgu-bhyaḥ | atithi-gvam | iṣkaram | iṣam | na | vṛtra-turam | vikṣu | dhārayam | yat | parṇaya-ghne | uta | vā | karañja-he | pra | aham | mahe | vṛtra-hatye | aśuśravi

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.48.8 English analysis of grammar]

ahaṃ < aham < mad

[noun], nominative, singular

“I; mine.”

guṅgubhyo < guṅgubhyaḥ < guṅgu

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“Guṅgu.”

atithigvam < atithigva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

iṣkaram < iṣkṛ < √kṛ

[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)

“prepare.”

iṣaṃ < iṣam < iṣ

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

vṛtraturaṃ < vṛtra

[noun], masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

vṛtraturaṃ < turam < tura

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“powerful; noble; noble.”

vikṣu < viś

[noun], locative, plural

“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

dhārayam < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

parṇayaghna < parṇaya

[noun], masculine

parṇayaghna < ghne < ghna

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“fight; killing.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

[adverb]

“or; optionally; either.”

karañjahe < karañja

[noun], masculine

“Indian beech; Karañja.”

karañjahe < he < ha

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

prāham < pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

prāham < aham < mad

[noun], nominative, singular

“I; mine.”

mahe < maha

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“great; abundant.”

vṛtrahatye < vṛtra

[noun], masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

vṛtrahatye < hatye < hatya

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“killing.”

aśuśravi < śru

[verb], singular, Plusquamperfect

“listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

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