Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.40.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्रा॒तर्ज॑रेथे जर॒णेव॒ काप॑या॒ वस्तो॑र्वस्तोर्यज॒ता ग॑च्छथो गृ॒हम् । कस्य॑ ध्व॒स्रा भ॑वथ॒: कस्य॑ वा नरा राजपु॒त्रेव॒ सव॒नाव॑ गच्छथः ॥
प्रातर्जरेथे जरणेव कापया वस्तोर्वस्तोर्यजता गच्छथो गृहम् । कस्य ध्वस्रा भवथः कस्य वा नरा राजपुत्रेव सवनाव गच्छथः ॥
prātar jarethe jaraṇeva kāpayā vastor-vastor yajatā gacchatho gṛham | kasya dhvasrā bhavathaḥ kasya vā narā rājaputreva savanāva gacchathaḥ ||
English translation:
“Leaders (of rites), you are glorified at dawn like two ancient (monarchs) by the voice (of the caller)entitled to worship, you go day by day to the dwelling (of the worshipper); of whose (faults) are you thedestroyer? To whose oblations do you go like princes?”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Like two ancieṇṭ..caller: jaraṇau = two kings, old orgreat by sovereignty;
Kāpayā = the song of the bard or herald, who awakens (a great man) at dawn
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): ghoṣā kākṣīvatī;Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्रा॒तः । ज॒रे॒थे॒ इति॑ । ज॒र॒णाऽइ॑व । काप॑या । वस्तोः॑ऽवस्तोः । य॒ज॒ता । ग॒च्छ॒थः॒ । गृ॒हम् । कस्य॑ । ध्व॒स्रा । भ॒व॒थः॒ । कस्य॑ । वा॒ । न॒रा॒ । रा॒ज॒ऽपु॒त्राऽइ॑व । सव॑ना । अव॑ । ग॒च्छ॒थः॒ ॥
प्रातः । जरेथे इति । जरणाइव । कापया । वस्तोःवस्तोः । यजता । गच्छथः । गृहम् । कस्य । ध्वस्रा । भवथः । कस्य । वा । नरा । राजपुत्राइव । सवना । अव । गच्छथः ॥
prātaḥ | jaretheiti | jaraṇāiva | kāpayā | vastoḥ-vastoḥ | yajatā | gacchathaḥ | gṛham | kasya | dhvasrā | bhavathaḥ | kasya | vā | narā | rāja-putrāiva | savanā | ava | gacchathaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.40.3 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“at dawn; early.”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“jṛ; digest; age; cook; boil down; decay; decay; ripen.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“digestive; old.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“dawn.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“dawn.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“holy; august; sacrificial.”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“house; palace; temple; home; place; family; family; stable.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[adverb]
“or; optionally; either.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
[noun], masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“yajña; savana [word]; Snāna; Soma sacrifice; press.”
[adverb]
“down.”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”