Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.39.10

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यु॒वं श्वे॒तं पे॒दवे॑ऽश्वि॒नाश्वं॑ न॒वभि॒र्वाजै॑र्नव॒ती च॑ वा॒जिन॑म् । च॒र्कृत्यं॑ ददथुर्द्राव॒यत्स॑खं॒ भगं॒ न नृभ्यो॒ हव्यं॑ मयो॒भुव॑म् ॥
युवं श्वेतं पेदवेऽश्विनाश्वं नवभिर्वाजैर्नवती च वाजिनम् । चर्कृत्यं ददथुर्द्रावयत्सखं भगं न नृभ्यो हव्यं मयोभुवम् ॥
yuvaṃ śvetam pedave 'śvināśvaṃ navabhir vājair navatī ca vājinam | carkṛtyaṃ dadathur drāvayatsakham bhagaṃ na nṛbhyo havyam mayobhuvam ||

English translation:

“You gave, Aśvins, to Pedu a strong white horse with nine-and-ninety (other) steeds, (a horse), active(in combat), putting to flight the friends (of the foe), worthy to be invoked, a source of deligght, like wealth to meṇ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With nine and ninety other steeds: strong with nine-and-ninety strengths

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): ghoṣā kākṣīvatī;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): svarāḍārcījagatī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यु॒वम् । श्वे॒तम् । पे॒दवे॑ । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । अश्व॑म् । न॒वऽभिः॑ । वाजैः॑ । न॒व॒ती । च॒ । वा॒जिन॑म् । च॒र्कृत्य॑म् । द॒द॒थुः॒ । द्र॒व॒यत्ऽस॑खम् । भग॑म् । न । नृऽभ्यः॑ । हव्य॑म् । म॒यः॒ऽभुव॑म् ॥
युवम् । श्वेतम् । पेदवे । अश्विना । अश्वम् । नवभिः । वाजैः । नवती । च । वाजिनम् । चर्कृत्यम् । ददथुः । द्रवयत्सखम् । भगम् । न । नृभ्यः । हव्यम् । मयःभुवम् ॥
yuvam | śvetam | pedave | aśvinā | aśvam | nava-bhiḥ | vājaiḥ | navatī | ca | vāji nam | carkṛtyam | dadathuḥ | dravayat-sakham | bhagam | na | nṛ-bhyaḥ | havyam | mayaḥ-bhuvam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.39.10 English analysis of grammar]

yuvaṃ < yuvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“you.”

śvetam < śveta

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“white; bright; śveta [word]; bright.”

pedave < pedu

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

'śvināśvaṃ < aśvinā < aśvin

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Asvins; two.”

'śvināśvaṃ < aśvam < aśva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

navabhir < navabhiḥ < navan

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“nine.”

vājair < vājaiḥ < vāja

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

navatī < navati

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“ninety; navati [word].”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

vājinam < vājin

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“victorious; triumphant; strong; gainful.”

carkṛtyaṃ < carkṛtyam < carkar < √kṛ

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“praise; commemorate.”

dadathur < dadathuḥ <

[verb], dual, Perfect indicative

“give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

drāvayatsakham < drāvayat < drāvay < √dru

[verb noun]

“melt; liquefy; chase away; dissolve.”

drāvayatsakham < sakham < sakha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“friend; Kubera.”

bhagaṃ < bhagam < bhaga

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Bhaga; vulva; good fortune; vagina; bhaga [word]; sun; well-being; happiness; overlord.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nṛbhyo < nṛbhyaḥ < nṛ

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

havyam < hvā

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“raise; call on; call; summon.”

mayobhuvam < mayobhu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

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