Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.34.8
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रि॒प॒ञ्चा॒शः क्री॑ळति॒ व्रात॑ एषां दे॒व इ॑व सवि॒ता स॒त्यध॑र्मा । उ॒ग्रस्य॑ चिन्म॒न्यवे॒ ना न॑मन्ते॒ राजा॑ चिदेभ्यो॒ नम॒ इत्कृ॑णोति ॥
त्रिपञ्चाशः क्रीळति व्रात एषां देव इव सविता सत्यधर्मा । उग्रस्य चिन्मन्यवे ना नमन्ते राजा चिदेभ्यो नम इत्कृणोति ॥
tripañcāśaḥ krīḻati vrāta eṣāṃ deva iva savitā satyadharmā | ugrasya cin manyave nā namante rājā cid ebhyo nama it kṛṇoti ||
English translation:
“The aggregate fifty-three of them are plural yed as the divine truth, observant Savitā, (travels); the dicebow not before the wrath of any, however violent; a king himself pays them homage.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The aggregate...travels: asthe sun roams (viharati) in the world, so the heap of dice moves or plural ys on the dice table (āsphāre). Maybe,fifty-three dice were used, akṣikāḥ prāyeṇa tāvadbhir akṣair dīvyati, gamblers usually plural y with so manydice; maybe, the dice were thrown from east to west to render the comparison with the sun meaningful
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kavaṣa ailūṣa akṣo vā maujavān [kavaṣa ailūṣa akṣa vā maujavān];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): akṣakitavanindā;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रि॒ऽप॒ञ्चा॒शः । क्री॒ळ॒ति॒ । व्रातः॑ । ए॒षा॒म् । दे॒वःऽइ॑व । स॒वि॒ता । स॒त्यऽध॑र्मा । उ॒ग्रस्य॑ । चि॒त् । म॒न्यवे॑ । न । न॒म॒न्ते॒ । राजा॑ । चि॒त् । ए॒भ्यः॒ । नमः॑ । इत् । कृ॒णो॒मि॒ ॥
त्रिपञ्चाशः । क्रीळति । व्रातः । एषाम् । देवःइव । सविता । सत्यधर्मा । उग्रस्य । चित् । मन्यवे । न । नमन्ते । राजा । चित् । एभ्यः । नमः । इत् । कृणोमि ॥
tri-pañcāśaḥ | krīḷati | vrātaḥ | eṣām | devaḥ-iva | savitā | satya-dharmā | ugrasya | cit | manyave | na | namante | rājā | cit | ebhyaḥ | namaḥ | it | kṛṇomi
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.34.8 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“frolic; love; play; amuse.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“troop; group; Vrāta; vrāta [word]; flock.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”
[noun]
“true; real; real; faithful; good.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“regulation; Dharma; law; property.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“anger; fury; rage; wrath.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“bow; bend; condescend; worship; bend; lower.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”