Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.31.10
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स्त॒रीर्यत्सूत॑ स॒द्यो अ॒ज्यमा॑ना॒ व्यथि॑रव्य॒थीः कृ॑णुत॒ स्वगो॑पा । पु॒त्रो यत्पूर्व॑: पि॒त्रोर्जनि॑ष्ट श॒म्यां गौर्ज॑गार॒ यद्ध॑ पृ॒च्छान् ॥
स्तरीर्यत्सूत सद्यो अज्यमाना व्यथिरव्यथीः कृणुत स्वगोपा । पुत्रो यत्पूर्वः पित्रोर्जनिष्ट शम्यां गौर्जगार यद्ध पृच्छान् ॥
starīr yat sūta sadyo ajyamānā vyathir avyathīḥ kṛṇuta svagopā | putro yat pūrvaḥ pitror janiṣṭa śamyāṃ gaur jagāra yad dha pṛcchān ||
English translation:
“When a barren cow being suddenly impregnated bears (a calf), she the repeller of evils, free frompain, self-protected, produces (offspring); when (Agni), the ancient son, is genitive rated by his two parents, earthejects the Śamī which the priests are seeking.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Śamī: śamīgarbhādagnim manthanti: TaittirīyaBrāhmaṇa 1.1.9; the cow which was barren is the Śamī tree, which brings forth the aśvattha, and from thewood of these two trees are made the araṇi, the two pieces of wood which are rubbed together to produce thesacred fire-- the upper and harder piece is the śamī (acacia suma) and the lower and softer piece is theaśvattha (ficus religiosa); the ancient son: or, the saviour from hell, from put and tra
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kavaṣa ailūṣaḥ [kavaṣa ailūṣa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स्त॒रीः । यत् । सूत॑ । स॒द्यः । अ॒ज्यमा॑ना । व्यथिः॑ । अ॒व्य॒थीः । कृ॒णु॒त॒ । स्वऽगो॑पा । पु॒त्रः । यत् । पूर्वः॑ । पि॒त्रोः । जनि॑ष्ट । श॒म्याम् । गौः । ज॒गा॒र॒ । यत् । ह॒ । पृ॒च्छान् ॥
स्तरीः । यत् । सूत । सद्यः । अज्यमाना । व्यथिः । अव्यथीः । कृणुत । स्वगोपा । पुत्रः । यत् । पूर्वः । पित्रोः । जनिष्ट । शम्याम् । गौः । जगार । यत् । ह । पृच्छान् ॥
starīḥ | yat | sūta | sadyaḥ | ajyamānā | vyathiḥ | avyathīḥ | kṛṇuta | sva-gopā | putraḥ | yat | pūrvaḥ | pitroḥ | janiṣṭa | śamyām | gauḥ | jagāra | yat | ha | pṛcchān
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.31.10 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“barren cow.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“give birth; urge; bestow; cause.”
[adverb]
“immediately; just; daily; sadyas [word].”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“smear; anoint; mix; color.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“faltering.”
[adverb]
“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“faltering.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun]
“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“herder; defender.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”
[noun], genitive, dual, masculine
“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“stick; peg.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“devour; swallow; surround.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[adverb]
“indeed; ha [word].”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“ask; ask; ask; consult; interrogate.”