Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.31.8
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
नैताव॑दे॒ना प॒रो अ॒न्यद॑स्त्यु॒क्षा स द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी बि॑भर्ति । त्वचं॑ प॒वित्रं॑ कृणुत स्व॒धावा॒न्यदीं॒ सूर्यं॒ न ह॒रितो॒ वह॑न्ति ॥
नैतावदेना परो अन्यदस्त्युक्षा स द्यावापृथिवी बिभर्ति । त्वचं पवित्रं कृणुत स्वधावान्यदीं सूर्यं न हरितो वहन्ति ॥
naitāvad enā paro anyad asty ukṣā sa dyāvāpṛthivī bibharti | tvacam pavitraṃ kṛṇuta svadhāvān yad īṃ sūryaṃ na harito vahanti ||
English translation:
“Not such (is their power); there is another greater than they; the creator, he sustains heaven andearth; possessed of might, he makes a pure skin, before his horses bear it to the sun.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Not such is their power:naitāvat, not so much; the race of gods is not possessed of so much power, namely, that of creating heavenand earth; the creator: ukṣa = liṭ, the bull, the sprinkler of seed, i.e., the creator of people, hiraṇyagarbha;extremely subtle, in the form of wind, consisting of the liṅga (i.e., the subtle body that accompanies the soul in itsmigration, not being destroyed at death, when the outer gross body is destroyed) entering the waters supportsheaven and earth; before his horses bear it to the sun: i.e., before creation; the creator took upon himself abodily form, before creating other forms
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kavaṣa ailūṣaḥ [kavaṣa ailūṣa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
न । ए॒ताव॑त् । ए॒ना । प॒रः । अ॒न्यत् । अ॒स्ति॒ । उ॒क्षा । सः । द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी इति॑ । बि॒भ॒र्ति॒ । त्वच॑म् । प॒वित्र॑म् । कृ॒णु॒त॒ । स्व॒धाऽवा॑न् । यत् । ई॒म् । सूर्य॑म् । न । ह॒रितः॑ । वह॑न्ति ॥
न । एतावत् । एना । परः । अन्यत् । अस्ति । उक्षा । सः । द्यावापृथिवी इति । बिभर्ति । त्वचम् । पवित्रम् । कृणुत । स्वधावान् । यत् । ईम् । सूर्यम् । न । हरितः । वहन्ति ॥
na | etāvat | enā | paraḥ | anyat | asti | ukṣā | saḥ | dyāvāpṛthivī iti | bibharti | tvacam | pavitram | kṛṇuta | svadhāvān | yat | īm | sūryam | na | haritaḥ | vahanti
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.31.8 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“such(a); such(a).”
[adverb]
“thus.”
[adverb]
“beyond; away; farther.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; ukṣan [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], accusative, dual, feminine
“heaven and earth; dyāvāpṛthivī [word].”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“skin; bark; peel; hide; complexion; hide; Rasa; rind.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“strainer.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“autonomous; independent.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[adverb]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“pale; green; bay; yellow.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”