Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.28.9

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

श॒शः क्षु॒रं प्र॒त्यञ्चं॑ जगा॒राद्रिं॑ लो॒गेन॒ व्य॑भेदमा॒रात् । बृ॒हन्तं॑ चिदृह॒ते र॑न्धयानि॒ वय॑द्व॒त्सो वृ॑ष॒भं शूशु॑वानः ॥
शशः क्षुरं प्रत्यञ्चं जगाराद्रिं लोगेन व्यभेदमारात् । बृहन्तं चिदृहते रन्धयानि वयद्वत्सो वृषभं शूशुवानः ॥
śaśaḥ kṣuram pratyañcaṃ jagārādriṃ logena vy abhedam ārāt | bṛhantaṃ cid ṛhate randhayāni vayad vatso vṛṣabhaṃ śūśuvānaḥ ||

English translation:

“(Vasukra speaks). The hare graps the assailing beast of prey; with a clod of clay I cleave the distant(mountain); I can compel the great to submit to the small; swelling (with courage) the calf attacks the bulḷ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Kṣuram= a long hard, sharp claw, like a razor, belonging to lion, tiger, etc., i.e., a strong fierce wild beast. If kṣuramimplies, a razor as in RV 8.4.16, the use of metal for tool-making is apparent

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): indravasukrayoḥ saṃvāda aindraḥ [indravasukrayoḥ saṃvāda aindra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

श॒शः । क्षु॒रम् । प्र॒त्यञ्च॑म् । ज॒गा॒र॒ । अद्रि॑म् । लो॒गेन॑ । वि । अ॒भे॒द॒म् । आ॒रात् । बृ॒हन्त॑म् । चि॒त् । ऋ॒ह॒ते । र॒न्ध॒या॒नि॒ । वय॑त् । व॒त्सः । वृ॒ष॒भम् । शूशु॑वानः ॥
शशः । क्षुरम् । प्रत्यञ्चम् । जगार । अद्रिम् । लोगेन । वि । अभेदम् । आरात् । बृहन्तम् । चित् । ऋहते । रन्धयानि । वयत् । वत्सः । वृषभम् । शूशुवानः ॥
śaśaḥ | kṣuram | pratyañcam | jagāra | adrim | logena | vi | abhedam | ārāt | bṛhantam | cit | ṛhate | randhayāni | vayat | vatsaḥ | vṛṣabham | śūśuvānaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.28.9 English analysis of grammar]

śaśaḥ < śaśa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“hare; rabbit.”

kṣuram < kṣura

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“razor; knife; munj; hoof.”

pratyañcaṃ < pratyañcam < pratyañc

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“western; facing; westbound; backward; pratyañc [word]; inverted.”

jagārādriṃ < jagāra < gṛ

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“devour; swallow; surround.”

jagārādriṃ < adrim < adri

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

logena < loga

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“ball.”

vy < vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

abhedam < bhid

[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)

“break; incise; burst; divide; cut; cleave; destroy; cure; disturb; lance; break; distinguish; disclose; pierce; tear; separate; transgress; break open; scratch; penetrate; sever; bribe; grind; betray; fester; strike.”

ārāt

[adverb]

“far; ārāt [word].”

bṛhantaṃ < bṛhantam < bṛhat

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

ṛhate < ṛhat

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“weak.”

randhayāni < randhay < √radh

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“subjugate; hand over.”

vayad < vayat <

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”

vatso < vatsaḥ < vatsa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

vṛṣabhaṃ < vṛṣabham < vṛṣabha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

śūśuvānaḥ < śvi

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“swell; grow.”

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